2D
Com plet e t he words wit h - able or - ible.
According to Aboriginal creation myths, Dreamtime marked
the beginning of the world, when giant beings, part human,
part animal, came down from the sky, from across the sea
and from deep in the earth. These giant beings travelled
across the land, making rivers and mountain ranges; then
they disappeared back into the landscape, in places which
became sacred sites. 2 'The Adnyamathanha
people sing songs that t ell the story of Akurra, the rainbow
serpent,' continues Baamba. 'During Dreamtime, he created
the Flinders mountain range. Well see the cave paintings
later at Arkaroo Rock.'
Arkaroo Rock is one of many sacred sites mentioned in
the songs and stories about the land. These stories show
the considerable attachment the first Australians had to
their environment, how they saw themselves as part of
nature rather than masters of it , and how their way of life
resulted in a profound and valuable knowledge of their land.
3 It was a way of life t hat was safe from invasion
and influence ... until 1788.
When the Europeans arrived in 1788, they had a different
attitude to the lan d .4 They also believed that
i f land wasn't farmed, then it didn't belong to anyone. At
first , Aborigines didn't understand this attitude, so their
first contact was amicable, even friendly. However, conflicts
soon arose as new settlers took away the Aboriginal hunting
grounds and divided them up into farms and ranches.
5 Some tribes were not allowed to travel from one
place to another, while others were relocated into special
camps. Sadly, t his destroyed their ancient way of life, and
many Aboriginal songlines were lost. Today, people like
Baamba are trying to restore this heritage and preserve it .
aIt 's late now and Baamba is waiting outside Arkaroo Rock
until we've finished exploring. bInside, we're admiring the
beautiful cave paintings, but as soon as we've taken some
photos, we leave. cDark clouds are visible on the horizon
and i f we stay any longer, w ell be caught in a storm. d'By
the time we reach camp, the rain will be here,' says Baamba.
e'We'll have problems getting back unless we leave now.' He's
right, of course - there are already flashes of lightning, and
thunder is audible in the distance. As we drive away, the
wind whistles through the gum trees, and we can almost
hear the voices of those first Australians, singing the songs
of their ancestors, and following the songlines.
1 It's incred................. t h at Aboriginal cult ur e is t h e
old est con t in u in g cult ure o n Earth.
2 M an y tribes are elig................. for co m p en sat ion after
an u n accep t loss o f tribal lands.
3 The marks an d et ch ing s in t h e Wo llem i cave w er e
in com p rehens..................
4 The Pap unya Tula artists paint fashion and
collect ................. Aboriginal art.
5 Parts o f t h e ou t b ack are harsh an d inaccess..................
It's not advis................. t o travel t h er e on your own.
6 If you k n o w w h er e t o look, you'll find lots o f
ed................. insects in t h e out back . Th ey m ay taste
hor r ................ , b ut they'll h elp you t o survive.
7 Most snakes in t h e o u t b ack aren't d angerous; t heir
bites are usually treat ..................
Fu t u r e t i m e c l a u se s
6 St ud y sentences a- e in t h e last paragraph o f the
art icle and answer t he questions.
1 Wh ich tenses are used af ter t h e und er lined t im e
clauses?
2 Wh ich und erlined phrase m eans i f not?
3 Wh ich o n e m eans up to a specific time?
4 Wh ich t h r ee phrases tell us t hat o n e even t will be
co m p let ed bef ore an ot h er?
5 Wh ich o f t h ese t h ree phrases says som et hing
happ ens im m ed iat ely af ter?
6 Wh ich o f t h e phrases b elo w can be used inst ead o f if?
as long as su p p o se/ su p p o sin g before af ter
in case w h en
Ref erence an d p ract ice 2.3 Wo r k b oo k p ag e 112
7 Rewrite t he sentences using t he words in brackets.
1 Baam b a w o n 't d o t h e t our if he d oesn't h ave a GPS
system , (unless)
2 We’ll tell p eop le w h er e w e'r e g o in g b ecause w e
m ig h t g et lost, (in case)
3 You'll en t er t h e out back , t h en you'll lose yo u r p h o n e
signal, (as soon as)
4 Take a satellite p hone; t h en you'll b e perf ect ly safe.
(as long as)
5 We still m ight g et lost - t h en w h at will w e d o ?
(supposing)
6 St ay close t o t h e car; t h en a helicop t er will see you.
(unt il)
7 Hop ef ully it w o n 't be t o o late w h en t h ey find you.
(b y t h e t im e)
8 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Talk ab out you r hopes and
plans f or t he f uture using t he prom pts below.
1 By t h e t im e I've finished s ch o o l . . . .
2 As long as I save en o u g h m o n ey . . . .
3 Bef ore / Af t er I leave h o m e . . . .
4 Unt il I g et m y o w n j o b . . . .
5 Unless I st udy hard . . . .
6 As soon as I h ave t h e t im e . . . .
Th e w o r l d ar o u n d u s 23