(On the Divergence of South Italian from Attic Red-figure Vase-painting* (La Trobe University, Melbourne) Ics generally agreed thatthe local proton of reguted vases in Sous lay began somewhere around he mil ofthe thied quater of the sth ceaaty ne. This event war plausibly asocated by A. Past sringlee with the founding of Tauris in 444/s oy) bur the recent {Crcavations at chat ste have wo far failed to podace ach nthe way of fonfrmatory evidence On the other hand, the dicovery it 1973 of fetes Kile at Metapontam har shown conshvely thatthe Aaejkos Painter and his immediate follower, she Creus and Dolon Painters, ‘usta worked there inthe later schand easier th comaries etl tote recent excavations, under the direction of J Cater, nthe areas immediately around the ety, have Brought to light several ether vases arnbutable to the Pisticci and Amos Painters nciing some of the former's eatist known works, abd in consequence, ow seem key that their workshop was located at Metspontum irom comparatively arly date. The finds rom Polcor, the ancient Hercles, which ise ‘hename-vssesofthePolicoro Painter snd ther inporan piees elated Insletohi work, sages thatthe ay have Bsns workshop that [Not long ater te Psi Pinter began producig his vases, second school of vase painters made is appearance at Teeny unde the pba il cate oie ce IS eee ‘erminace to poinh wom neh cobosian FE li cmon aroma imate ‘itt nee eon fat Caner, irs wh Sopa Fete eae "Sr mous De BA, 8. Nach edn Rig I sa A.D, Trendall vate te eet the corona unr ib myth pers we ln he et he adie nh en when ee gree, Se vee ometon wh sus pefomanc er Fe ihe yh Ged mpe maybescenn Se toe Anton ether cn Bete Carre ep pay esc te Coes en i el Daie Eeer oettasrton a Me ee ee be pineal carne oper, Thine of Snel aon woul mae seen Tr ac many ofthe sceescn besos wih no eee etme oh sey wee he CE re nd ohn he my fe Sal huner th eo rin ery rehig henner Eres ay iomocconepont a aa er ay sedicho greeny tray So ea a a desma) hove wor ae ites Be eda ae know oben ais Se el mane he Medes ter ee ep) ae ory econ of Soh iat ie Xrher noteworthy fentue of vavepinig in South aly nd ee aa jet pet te ewe Ene ‘ih The at hrar of Aen noha Tes an Heals, a ee Mfrs ene) see hey em Fae ee a ae cal meld py oe ar a ie shosreny oecrcand hy Fa ae Darn Plime oe he easy Pe a tnd ewine—tor cxampe, Casa a er asi Cryer, Ambion, and Mate, Nokes dah se caatel aceon” ace oo er cm wich nepal et a ccnp ol tat Suh ie ae ke ach an imps conibaion Se ese kee rome of wari a narod nr eer tor Gees a cette pen cc trobae eer eae eae tl ining lax ome “Es AR nm ri de Mr scree. an Mews ilar Sovt Ulan Red-ignre Vasepaintng a9 degre of fasion Berween the evo peoples; such objects as the so-called “Slophone™ perhaps the platage of Archyass mia nsroment Se borure offs rattio—which makes 2 very frequent appearance on "Toventine vase (sce eg. Pl 2.3y laste elements that ae distinctly TowAtic, Some vates show sener of confice herween Greeks and fatves Payot wars AP ona Belen ists Oy iv Tapes toad tem nthe gge wiht ices crs ath at of Manda Alan th Grea as ten ented on an Apulia rater showing bearded gt pursung SOLES Howerce hay en tea penal ventn tere oom tirana neh Aland bord. shoe ul fle ou the posibility that an account of hi physical appearance ha Sorrenched the remote West at the time the vane was pate, Tine steady increnee in the sizeof South itslian vases enabled thelr painter to indulge in geandone componcons ad chs brought about a Eerestinthe problems of perspective snd freshortening. Asealy asthe fend ofthe sth cenuty be tis apparent in such ase as the Cyclops Frater in che Brcsh Museum (Ph 241), where the Cyclops in the foreground is foreshoreened, wile Odpstean ane is companions a ticked hind in receding plans. If we look ae the famous Datrcls [ter bythe Davis Panter some snyor moe years ater, we see the dcsdopment of perspective the tweatment of Nestor’ couch, the lo the funeral pyre he woman with the hydra, but they ae Sen aa ‘eres of independen siden which lack cohesion. Herein hes one ofthe pret wealnetes of South lesan composition —theinabiity to organize Sinfled picture space. The fale to ive due attention to the requirements of diferene shapes means that, 26 D. von Bother has Potted out the pictues ted wo Tose their love ong relationship Shh ceo which heya une wl that ee [roportion and carefil balance of the individual component pats whieh ‘haracteried thet ealer At procotypes. This s perhaps Why Ma Scholars ave prefered the South la ragmen the complete ay Setter nabs yh denn cls party ho “The pottery of the Grek colonists in South Tay his ot on the whale hada very good pres. When thas not been completely bra aid [as been called “provincial” or stigatied as "sory appendix 10 AMtle Trend Vapi nal pa. a ARIE eee a) ete kaaa6 A.D. Trendall similar to thse on actual feagments fom grave monuments found at “Tarentum. The originals were ins soft meson, which would have been covered with white sroco co stmulatematble, and ths practice fs imitated onthe vases by the use of added white fr the monument and ‘the figures within Such scenes ae alo tobe foun on hyiaand an fammphora in the museum of Taranto gives us thitd form of grave ‘monumens—an actual statue of the decessed, standing om a plinth by ‘sell A sarel-amphora in Basel adde 3 touch of sardonic humour the sens, where Hermes psychepompos comes ta condact a Young man {othe word below, but he efusesto go." In Paestan and Campenin the funerary monumenes are usualy ol mach simpler forma ste ts Tonic column rising from a plinth, with mourners grouped stound, although ar Camae, under Apulianinflenct, few paisco make Somewhat later appearance, but they wer lesty not the standard local form of monument “The meurners hold a wide variety of objets inthe hand (ep. Paza-3)—phialaypaterae, merry rosette chainy fans tes some tines Dionyac, hye or tambourine. Their funeraty symbolism hss been the sbject of a good deal of recent study, notably by HLT Smith in his remarkable work Ferry Symbol That many ofthese ‘objets have such sigificance is undeniable, but is perhaps beter mot fo press this too far, since i many instances, and especially the smaller vases, such objets are Ile more than routine hes Also significant in dhs context are the sovealled Under oid vases, hich shaw Pluto and Persephone in ht palace in Hades, surrounded brasclection of he denizens ofthe Underworld. The wellknown heater in Munichispechaps the most famous example. teas the moject ont ‘ery labocate scale and inroduces an Orphic element inthe Bure of Orpheus himself, who seems to he leading in family, probably of Intates. He appears regal in sich scenes, and on one occasion, on & highly remarkable vase in Base, manifests himself in from of bated poecina masks. Such vases testo the srength ofthe Orphiclt Trasentum snd in Aplin” ‘fer feraey scenes, perhaps the next most important are those associated with Dionysus. All fabrics produce large numbers of Yass with genre scenes ofthis natere—Dionys with hs followers ot with Pan, Eros and others, We must noe forge that Dionysus was se go of Bn hp ph ce ES Ac vel — a South alan Red fgure Vawe-paining a7 drama, and one of the more interesting asrects of South ealian iconography io be found im mimerous vases with scenes assocsted with the teare-" Many show Dionys in the company ofa macnad a sie or a sy, with 2 comie mah, wich may be suspended Shove or held in she hand of ont of she gure spree cy) Sometimessay plas ae depicted, ason the Crcbpekate inthe roe ‘Museum (P21) othe Milan krter with the sealing of Heracle clab and bows" others pve us illusions ofthat very ypc South ean ‘omic drama, the phyax pla ofenenfying thc ceracersby means ‘ofinscripgons ot even showing the acuslstage spon which the play wat performed. Thislookstohave ben a rather imprompte kind of taste, rota sup curaf dom, anceonench ae Ps} shows alg fee preted into sence 4.4 sage prop” “jo Paes vac, fe sgn by Asst, dept deamate some taking place im font of loge strata, wich scm dea ta Inspiration from a stage background. Ones the Madnent of Herne Kater in Maid, the cxher a hydra from Agropoly now in Pasty showing Procus giving the leer to Bellerophon tn the presence of ‘Stheneboes and heractendant. A fagmentaySiclian kre inSyracve Shows a scene from the Ocdipas Tyrantus ona sage, with olan {he background." On the whol, however, South alan va palais ‘Mysrare tragedies rather thar eprenen then, We ae fequehly shown theteapic ato the hero or herine, which could et have ben pat the actual performance on the stage. This often takes place the presence of the puedapogu, ood retain who wil Subequently | CCRRAESAN ETA. we anon me 6 monies ets Tanke Me ning "eben Slt BS Spl nd Wh haa pat Tht pa od dtd Lot keg lh des Hau Dual ors 91 Haak Ap pa poleig eile Soa rt aa se a Soe a ee RLS ceeneig nares Meson ere re ale orzo pes 9k clm4 A.D. Trendall reck-amphora appears in Apulia only atthe very begining of che [visi an example by the Painter ofthe Berlin Dancing Gi” but Common in Campania ad 3tPaestum, where the panathenai pe does hooccur though anther vasety with handle arching over the mouth, {everaly called» bail-amphors, «pops in Campania sr goes back Fz to the days of BlckeRgures In Apulia i the amphora of panathenaic shape dat comes no regular use. Iefollows much he same fines of development athe volutekratr, its decoration becoming Increasingly elaborate a he cotury moves og, when such vases often each a metee or more in eight. They are decorated witha igure oF 3 fread in’ floral setting on the shoulder, and with mythological or funerary scenes on the body. Parallel developments wil be seen ithe louttophoros (Pk 2s.) the bodes of which may be ovoid (convex) oF Clinical concave) inthe later ease the elaborate handles may be ‘ited so pve us what ius known a the barseb-amphora. Other Shapes which undergo mosifcation i South Haly are che ro types of| ‘Nilay modeled om bronze prototypes; heal lekythos which reaches Simersions unknown in Attic; the lebesgamikos, which, norbly ae Paes, = provided with lid insbree or fur elements of considerable ompleniys as well a being decorated with plastic heads the skyphoid prs, poplar in ily, especialy at Lipa butalso found in Apulia and A acs again encrncteasing sine, Last, a passing feference may ihe made to fshplates, which are derived from Ate model. They ate Found inal fabrics except Lucanian, and may be distinguished from their Attic counteypans bythe face thatthe bes ofthe fish are earned towards the central depeesion and not he oer i. In general, Aplian Iipintes hove orranenal patterns tse the depresston, those of the other fries do not ‘Of shapes peculiar to South Kalan, we have aleeady refered the estors or toczlay to may be added the ‘pater’, dish with Kobe handles,” found only in Apolian. These sometimes reach fismece of yoct, which suggests thai use was funerary eater tha practical Ths view i supported by cei frequent appearance in naiskos ind stele scenes, Other shapes of es importance incline the so-called Ack askos and the bore the later again very commen in Si. From heabove survey wllieseon hat almost immediately ates the tise of the lca fabrics, the potters proceed vo go thee own way in ogad to shape. We have mentioned the Apulian predilection for Hora {Rtoraive patterns, and here ae several ochers, such as the black 25d Yellow loxenges” which play an important ole in ornamentation ce er rman tin ete Pr 1 Sl 7 Gillie etesagt tn re South talon Redfgure Vase-panting as butin South kay he Apulan quarrel square asm 281) typed ‘erosses become less popular. an = i failso he stuck by she predominance of fameraty mo especialy op fragmentary form. They obviowiy played vy import rele tthe ‘The series of naskos vases from Apulia, numbering over one thow forvolute-kraters,anphoraeo loutrophorois consists ofa naiskon ene Ee Jeno Space parm eomuaig seater nee aa Eee: va i 9-4 rhea " "ia in Styna A.D. Trendall ofthe Lyurgs Panter he sone ofthe ls f the Apulans to ue ‘oltes without applied mas, and fom his tine onased me noes Steady increas nthe sie ofthese vast, at wel ae 3 nih grant ttaboraton nthe dzoratne pattern. ork which ow ens to appear hot only on the neck, but abo om the Handles around the volts, hg Progression ‘ley co he soon a the work of the Dats and Underworld Psner, and in havo the Canonan schol especialy the Bakimore,Atpsand White Sacco Painters. We shoul alg hte tate thelater th entry ne femalc hends hep to appear on the reverses of these as placing the mel, and that ich ca se abo eget used atthe sole decoration on vases of sale deco They ae tony ele sought ae hd Hern ‘Orpheus Pan say, youth) appease nor easy to Kena the female headsvane i insnied Ava some seal reeset Apres ad ‘thers seem to represent atone (P33). At an oe minor anes ides at scem that he painter sbwaye had» parla perton or dy is mind note feature very characte Aplin ithe relctng pou rethaps of Ati inspiration, although fe from common om Aken Sass! Ir appears on vases by the Maer alge ke Lovee ot Boston 1yraas (Pali poplar with the Lyanpoe Panty sd ver more so with his flower Also noteworthy Sr he ck pls on ‘which vaous gues are seated, and which are very charateratc of [Apaliantopearingin a somewhat dilices ermine west aes “There site difeence ro he cbserved inthe eatnem of bell and calyhraes, except that in Ache er xpcaly tbe LC Grup, tendo stow a considerable clongation ofthe bay anda preference fot Dionysac demes, More interesting the clummkater&shape whith in Athensfaded oat round 380 nc, but contin in Apulian throughout the life ofthat abi, though not found in Sly and the Wes tn both Lacanan and Apulia appear fom he startin the ltr fabre itwouldeem to have hada particule appeal tothe nv mathe, since for quite Tonge people dressed in naive costumes ae epee ‘onlyon vases ofthis shape. An exellent example wil be coon BM F274 (33-1), by che Siayphus Pater, which shows a woman pouting gt gt tah ira ha Sonn Fsryton Pe ea ys. feral see Ari me nn sa eta” Ot Hants Bb nse ee RTs gaged AF Fra 2 South talon Red-fgure Vos-paaing ay «gon tom mtere-a pry a ee a a Sanding sido wf subrule eka Sea Seer «mame ae eee = ‘omaha dee by wed esha ‘ay ort ae a hee ah Te ape epee cme incense el ste a aa nha Se am stop nde tom wba Rance sala bento rare acy caer nhl i tate feared meena a cera Seder pi conc ey Tain Sipe khs Fame Ph cae aes pen I a elo! tl Oh ae teens Gl ica Biase Thy elton esd ca aa L238 and hee come nee ple sige tuiy de fact bace (oa Ont nei Te ape cn tpn ga pokey tad pane oe a ee ea ‘become dissatisfied with column-kraters as a subsitute. he Of ears rs of ing Sse ee lea grote enc cen ei it ‘Stet haan scr fe cameo ‘oie nr omnes nd esate Pea eng sige ser hada” Se meee Secu ane aal sna cf seaeearsieemo ae Abe gs Roaee anes hae dn 5 Same Sac trl id cae od Apna mi ea ac ES i mh ae ed bs ‘lied amon by Fee lice Sect oracle Seal gencassuncen ane BREET Utted an am ee ll son ER eo eat ta __ey eng If phase tine ee 7 rns an se ag ee a Bi Anges it eraop roma meen eeame nny are Th cae a Wyerensaeet coy nn an rsd preety ta non Hiiimmonetonyinca sete eat lipase at Sma ss ew de yep fs nL FEN ‘Mead yoy ea Maga aa ens an oye peepee issn peg yey West Waar me ep 9 eh Y iow 2 ods a dra sne2y 29042230 soaadoprop spay a4, Smny ob ue spout wendy esos sotaddeysutn onus ey oyna nua shoe) ape soeanus wey jo-afseourouce net oes sig in ese go sags o lye ayao8 9 sos eitheu uo ses Sutadde se yom se no Uh Ba ered molt pony ae nea ipoey ah Mts on pourusucs sem 2 eso sau seayey aes pe ‘ups 248 uo sae sinus age some ssnon Sour pessds oes Aing'fe-tee yg) aaeryaijonyompou uv panos sjonsuoere af audojahop aayiey em poyptoe anny, o1 tise yr eaop a A mady use a ang uosg pow wa343 toy soy) sp nese anioosyh patos uoosoq isso sauanyer seg om 20 1 paeads aye 01 soos og sbeneg sored ousgea cm Poh ‘onneAjipats ua sey susie ey jo sauratoteoyy soesomp SMR te step mo gu noe “ahaigo a3 (12) oa 943 wo "ts ayy rset A os Bunsos jog eu pedy eu © Jo wononposae ap Fut a pisoop 2 yom-do pqy radoy yo ny Peo Img 0 dh ory sonjon 341 ov eeu Jo uontaqdte yp se psn ons astm 309 ayuda ony aay. 99 yioFrr i) aoniey sssadony a jo uns yp date Muli jo su 2 3 snae4 ag somoyay saeuag Aye, sy PE Suuwod-oen any po uy gor0s ‘Araneta 990 smear ant ‘eerste cry So aya Ses eta orma na gm men ae tee tat yi ele a secs pment sms ogg) aon it gaat lowe sy 9k panne eA me eee) om mm mE cares agen ws eto a pny tran pagers cL ew SIT mg oe a a eT a teats eyo ga Zope pee asym ue ono soe ema SUUSSH Neer oe retin nese ay" tana Nao eel Sage Na a ENS el ag fr patent a (cor eg sngdss ayo oma Goong oye ap jo mesond 2a ty Set pu eo) 2) Sue JO HL 3th sie pay ght bay 8 ed ana Stes ipo qh ue pate i ays ee] {tongs ey nes upd rape sou ype ‘ivpontnuesgae op 2 pout panto sesy anon jo womenpo Seouly uf assonaeg sed, pu soteoumag (°°) SOME a 6 Sr oda pinoy ay any sey aon wee spHoS HED avs} spout ait popiond spn sorass say 2430 SOR. ae ea sy pt ne tusowy soya yo san aly tee pier in poe "wewed se'tmfag ee po aos} -antueory pa wendy 0 pugs ‘jenn yn eg usd B08 ul a eo SMheyanjon yf sage 3p Jo sug a0 tay pots on Aiea mepeis-av oca8 A.D, Trendll Teadership ofthe Paine ofthe Besin Dancing Gi, who was cosy {alowed by the Hearst and Stypton Panes Thun, By the nd ofthe Sheer vee hur ewe walesablnhed choolrof apace ts Scuthlay Artis they were close together nse ad the pode of ths peru sre ofen conven reese to general ems Easy Sod ian lthngh the bar mghe more prope be dengnated Ea canan andthe nes Early Aplin Tews or long Beto the 2 [ict deelpe ceany dee soles oftheir oe, "he fs Ely Soh ean ane hl old on Ai roterperespeily vse foe Flygnoan Group by sichatstas the Chriior Peleus Painters some of whore works Rave Been foun Apulia. TheTaremin schol vendo fete more moneratal ye ars ike th Kleophon and Divo attr, andar ofthe plates of volute brates lke the Kadmos (PL 251), Pronomos, sed Tale Primers Vise by all tree have been found fo vo and should tbecore have been erst che la ar’ The flac te MeiioeFenser i as immediatly appston, hough hi manner of tresting deapery had ts fest on ome ofthe eater tour Se fui he putern-work of some ofthe minor Anica (ike he avay Paine on of whove kyphot was found t Taentm copied tm Aue hyphen” “The ah cetery oc sa" @ dedine inthe poll giance of Aakers the conracon of Etucan power Comeed wth opin import’ to Erin frm Greece, In comtoqence Athens was fred 0 seck pew mart forts wares and took to South Resa (Kerc), ond afta {cheney Spain (mpi This nought about some ‘hangs inthe choce of sides eg. Europa Arimanpane and tun appeared on the Kereh vases andthe Hesperides om those testi fr Noh Ass, Withee offcaly made waren Magne Cnc the dana for Ae impos apf and comparatey fEervasc ofthe ah cemary no hoe ace found in South aly, wth he ccuepeion of gu of Lars fen with mpodam sees ipod iy Campantan ci of Soca Agata det Go). These weet st ‘Bougin tobe South alan and indeed gan et th socalled fabric of Stag bu are now recone sv At. Some henry BE At Cee ato ne ey AKY hem Sls ary Marre hy Pe ce ARY een Pon RY ik. phitrrerrc eg ean re EMI pr Tet keith. eG Vaal sages ng tse A eu hee yo Ont South lalan Red-figure Vase panting ne sein tn ug acre ny nh ea Sfeares of Mamnarchosnd sate Eesconey of See ake fetal: Gane aco ge eg aay Sy ewan fest Catan Feng irbige vie verona Sims eect coe eee Soe oer epral ene" tamed sy Nr oh ca ade oan vu wt Sa a hese my ae So en mat Soca Ac inna eral ees Sa eau andl cote fs dais Norra pasta of enasa wenn cataract oeromen posite gene seu ah Sec isomer for redone fe vn of he Fite Patter vse eur ie coronene Dic dpe ince greece oe eas ‘ecennoftn eleven ero te a he ae ng ae ee mee lo cr spotting a Seka dcr cee Py at aes primey oben hernia Me ped Te Sethu dy Se a ee fetid Le iy ener istas ent ‘toa Copan Pca ee Sa seo Sn fie aera tn fiche iene ofthe sh oan wT tegen ea erin tr pute snfmma erent he pie sry se ad Tp nw chen ugen pana on ha pag eteume ieee eect30 A.D. Trevdall tase painting. One should not, howerer, judge South Italian by the andar ofcaly Asse figure-the world af heh contary er Aiferent tor thao he ary 5th-—and, whense beside thecontempor- try Asie products, South Italian vases am a least bold hei own and are “ecainly more interesing a epards sbjece-mater. They reach high ial of technical competence and there are some quire oustanding trorks, The stronger inclination tothe rid and he baroque, well at Tvates of hoge dimensions, i understandable in a colonial wor, tmkore anes srve to outdo the products of the motherland ae lex [ound by cencunies of eatablsied ration, and ae perhaps encouraged 1) their surroundings o 4 more exoherane manner of expression. The {sce we have conser state bold experiments in the rendering of Jrspocte or of shading, ni a greater ncerestin the use of polychronsy Tad purely decorative clement they offer us as well a remarkable range STesubjects associated with mythology and with the legends. that proved she tne of Greek draa, We ar alo given glimpses of oe ie, castoms, and costumes, and 2 reat deal of lights shed upon the {unerary practices ofthe time and de emphasis given to che life hereafter and o the el of the dea. ‘South lesan vate paincing began i the Late sth century Be, by {allowing clowly nthe stops of Artic. Very soon afterards divergences iaifetthemscves, an By the tie we teach the ary th entry Be ‘Sean harly confase the ewo spe. In ny opinion # should be hee tecredi ofthe Western Gredks that they were prepared testable tn conventions snd follow ther wn path They have tans 9 ta wealth of fascinating mater and revealed something of the Conpls life of thir orld for which iterry and scriptional sourees fre almost completely lacking. We can Team much fom the study of South Taian vase-panting and it ie encosraping to sce that i slowly Erining the recognition i richly deserves