PAGE … – UNIT 6 Review

• Use: function
Form:
• Used to + infinitive
Examples:
➢A torch is used to provide light.
➢Tasers aren’t used to protect computers.
➢IS a baton used to monitor criminals?
PAGE … – UNIT 6 Review

• Use: function
• Used as + noun
Examples:
➢The belt is used as a weapon.
➢The handcuffs aren’t used as a weapon.
➢Is the torch used as a signal?
PAGE … – UNIT 6 Review

• Use: function
• (used) for + -ing
Examples:
➢Handcuffs are (used) for restraining someone.
➢The baton isn’t (used) for monitoring criminals.
➢Is a PIN (used) for protecting cards?
PAGE … – UNIT 6
Review

Answers:
1. A seal which gas can’t pass through
2. Paint which isn’t damaged by weather
3. Materials which aren’t damaged by heat
4. A recording studio which is protected from
(external) sounds
5. Car bodies which aren’t damaged by rust
6. A device which can’t be damaged by fools (i.e.
is easy to use)
7. A coat which water can’t pass through easily
8. A container which water can’t pass through
PAGE 37 – UNIT 6 Problem-solving
PAGE 37 – UNIT 6 Problem-solving
CCTV: (closed-circuit television)
• Wide angle lenses
• Signal relayed to a central office
• Monitored by a security guard
Disadvantages:
• Recorded on videotapes every day.
• People forget to change tapes
Advantages:
• Image may not be very clear
• Visible deterrent (thieves know they may be
recorded.
• Not very expensive
• Include some dummy cameras
PAGE 37 – UNIT 6 Problem-solving
Digital CCTV: (with online connections)
• Recorded on hard disk (can store several months
of recording)

Disadvantages:
• expensive
Advantages:
• Can be viewed from any broadband connection
• No tapes to change
PAGE 37 – UNIT 6 Problem-solving
Concealed micro-cameras with RF connections

Advantages: Disadvantages:

• No expensive wiring • Not a visible deterrent

• Good way to catch thieves in action
PAGE 37 – UNIT 6 Problem-solving
Large electronic security tags
• On things which are often stolen
• Alarm is triggered by an 8.2 MHz signal
(when the tag is taken through a security gate at
the shop entrance) Disadvantages:
• Must be removed at tills
Advantages: • Expensive system to install
• Visible deterrent (ដែលធ្វ ើឱ្យញធញើត) • Professional thieves may remove them in the
• Tages are inexpensive store.
PAGE 37 – UNIT 6 Problem-solving
Concealed electronic security tags

Advantages: Disadvantages:
• Thieves may not see them • Must be deactivated at tills
• So they can be caught easily • Sales people may forget
PAGE 37 – UNIT 6 Problem-solving
Ink tags on clothing:
• They break if wrongly removed and spoil the item

Advantages: Disadvantages:
• Simple and inexpensive deterrent • Professional thieves can remove them
PAGE 37 – UNIT 6 Problem-solving
PAGE 37 – UNIT 6 Problem-solving

Answers:
• It still depends on some factors:
• The owners’ budget
• The size of the shop
• The numbers of people who monitor
 PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Writing

Answers:
• It is small and can follow intruders without being seen or heard
• It can follow them over all types of surface
• It cannot be injured, bribed, drugged, poisoned, or killed.
PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Writing

Although = in spite of the fact that

Examples:
• Although these cameras deter thieves, the image may not be clear.
• Emphasizes the disadvantage (happens “Although + Pros + , + Cons”)

• These cameras deter thieves although the image may not be clear.
• Emphasizes the advantage. (happens “Pros + although + Cons”)
PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Writing

Although = in spite of the fact that

• at the beginning
• or in the middle of a sentence

Examples:
• Although the weather is bad, I love London.
• I love London, although the weather is bad.
 PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Writing

Despite / in spite of
• before a noun or a gerund
• in the middle or at the beginning of a sentence
• 'despite' or 'in spite of' before a clause, you need to add 'the fact that'.

Examples: Examples:

• I love London despite the bad weather. • Despite the fact that the weather is bad, I love London.
• In spite of the fact that the weather is bad, I love
• I love London in spite of the bad weather. London.
• Despite the bad weather, I love London. • I love London despite the fact that the weather is bad.

• In spite of the bad weather, I love London. • I love London in spite of the fact that the weather is
bad.
PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Writing

However
• isn't used to connect two clauses.
• put the two ideas in two separate sentences
• put it at the beginning, at the end, or after the subject.

Examples:
• I love London. However, the weather is bad.
• I love London. The weather, however, is bad.
• I love London. The weather is bad, however.
PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Writing
Choose 'despite', 'however' or 'although'.

1. ________ the rain, we still went to the park. Answers:

2. _____ it was raining, we still went to the park. 1. Despite
3. It was raining. _____, we still went to the park. 2. Although
4. John bought the watch, _______ the fact that it was expensive. 3. However
5. John bought the watch. _____, it was expensive. 4. despite
6. _______ it was expensive, John bought the watch. 5. However
7. I finished the homework. It, _______, wasn't easy.. 6. Although
7. however
8. I finished the homework, ______ it wasn't easy. 8. although
9. _______ she was cold, she went for a long walk. 9. Although
10.The restaurant has a good reputation. ______, the food was terrible. 10.However
 PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Writing

Linking words: Linking words: Linking words:

Emphasizing
Reformulating Condition
• As a matter of fact
• In fact • That is to say • If
• Indeed • In other words • Unless
• Particularly, • Namely • Provided that
• Specifically, • To put things differently • Suppose
• Obviously, • Whether
• Especially,
• Of course • As long as
 PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Writing

Linking words: Linking words: Linking words:

Consequence
Summing up Opinion
• As a result
• In short • In my opinion • Therefore
• All things considered • As far as I’m concerned • As a consequence
• To sum up • To my mind • Consequently
• In a nutshell • It seems to me that • Eventually
• So
• Thus
• That’s why
 PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Writing

Linking words: Linking words:

Contrast Choice
• But • Unlike • Neither … nor
• However • Whereas • Either … or
• Nevertheless • While • Or
• Yet • Whatever
• Instead of
• As opposed to • Whenever
• On the one hand
• Admittedly • Wherever
• despite • On the other hand • Whoever
 PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Writing

Linking words: Linking words: Linking words:

Explaining Cause
Concluding Adding ideas
• As
• Because • Last but not least • Also
• Because of + noun / phrase • As a conclusion • Moreover
• In so for as • To conclude • Furthermore
• Since • In addition
• The reason • Besides
• Owing to
• Due to • Not only … but also
 PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Writing

Linking words: Linking words: Linking words:

Temporal តៗគ្នា Purpose Introducing Example

• After • In order to • For example
• Afterwards • To • For instance
• As • So as to • Such as
• As soon as
• So that • like
• Since
• Then,
• Next
 PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Writing
Choose the correct option

1. For instance 11.All things considered Answers:

2. Afterwards 1. Introducing
11.Summing up
12.As far as I’m concerned example
3. In order to 13.In other words 2. Temporal 12.Opinion
4. Last but not least 14.As a matter of fact 3. Purpose 13.Reformulating
5. Furthermore 4. Concluding 14.Emphasizing
15.As long as 5. Adding ideas
6. Because 16.Provided that 15.Condition
6. Explaining
7. Not only … but also cause 16.Condition
17.In a nutshell 7. Adding ideas
8. Owing to 17.Summing up
18.Eventually 8. Concluding 18.Consequence
9. On the one hand
9. Contrast
10.Either … or 10.Choice
PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Writing
Choose the correct option

Answers:
1. such as
2. but
3. Although
4. So as to (in order to)
5. and
 PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Writing
Choose the correct option

Answers:
1. While
2. because
3. As a result
4. Particularly
5. namely
 PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Writing
Fill in the correct linking words

Answers:
1. even though
2. admittedly
3. Due to / Owing to
4. particularly,
especially, specifically
5. despite
6. therefore / so / for
this reason
 PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Extra – Speaking (Linking words)

Adding more info Time phrases

• and • Now • Before

• also • At the moment • Then
• as well as • At present • At that time
• another reason is • Right now • Years ago
• These days • When I was younger.
• Nowadays
• In the past
 PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Extra – Speaking (Linking words)

Expressing ideas Causes and Solutions Giving examples

• I think one important • I guess it’s because • For example

thing is
• The main reason is • For instance
• I guess one difference • It was caused by • Such as
is
• Because • like
• I suppose the main
difference between X • I suppose the best way to deal
and Y is with this problem is
• I reckon the only answer is to
• The best way to solve this is
 PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Extra – Speaking (Linking words)

Being clear Contrasting & concessions Giving examples

• What I mean is • But • For example

• What I want to say is • On the other hand • For instance
• As I was saying • While • Such as
• Although • like
• or
 PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Extra – Speaking (Linking words)

Examples of Linking words in Speaking

Q: Do you eat a lot of fruit?

A: Yes, I do. I love tropical fruit like mangoes and pineapples.

(should not use “for example” because it relates to our everyday life.
 PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Extra – Speaking (Linking words)

Examples of Linking words in Speaking

Q: Do you think fast food is bad?

A: Yes, I do. If it is eaten too often, it can cause problems such as heart disease or diabetes. Also, it
can lead to weight problems which are really common nowadays.

(“such as” can be used here because the content is more serious)
(“furthermore” or “in addition” cannot be used in speaking) => (“also” or “and” should be used)
 PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Extra – Speaking (Linking words)

Examples of Linking words in Speaking

Q: Do children play similar games today that they played in the past?
A: No, I don’t think they do. Before, children used to play simple games like hide and seek or they
used to play with simple handmade toys. But, these days, kids tend to prefer computer games and
their toys are battery operated.
PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Customer Care
PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Customer Care

Advantages:
• Connected to a small monitor
• Baby monitoring or car surveillance
• DIY installation

Disadvantages
• no recording
• Price (could be depending on the market value)
PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Customer Care

Advantages:
• Record to PC
• Motion sensors => trigger recording (if an intruder comes)

Disadvantages
• Professionally installed
• Price (could be depending on the market value)
PAGE 38 – UNIT 6 Customer Care

Advantages:
• Wireless
• Easy installation
• Switch on or off remotely
• No code numbers
• Text msg
• Cameras activated
• System notification to police
• Detect smoke or flooding
Disadvantages
• Price + monthly maintenance
THANKS