Booklet Heat & Thermodynamics

Heat & Thermodynamics and Kinetic Theory
Problem Booklet
INDEX
Page No.
1. IIT Section 1 – 12
2. JEE main (AIEEE) 12 – 18
3. JEE main (Online) 19 – 35
4. Olympiad (NSEP) 35 – 43
5. NEET (AIPMT) 43 – 55
6. Other Medical 55 – 70
7. NCERT 70– 76
8. NEET-2021 76
Nitesh Vidyarthi-IITian, (IAS Mains Qualified)
Heat & Theromodynamics and Kinetic Theory
4. A mixture of 2 moles of helium gas (atomic mass = 4

IIT Section amu) and 1 mole of argon gas (atomic mass = 40 amu)
is kept at 300 K in a container. The ratio of the rms
One Correct Answer  v rms (helium) 
speeds   is (2012)
1. The ends Q and R of two thin wires, PQ and RS, are  v rms (argon) 
soldered (joined) together. Initially each of the wires (a) 0.32 (b) 0.45
has a length of 1m at 10°C. Now the end P is maintained (c) 2.24 (d) 3.16
at 10°C, while the end S is heated and maintained at
5. 5.6 liter of helium gas at STP is adiabatically compressed
400°C. The system is thermally insulated from its
to 0.7 liter. Taking the initial temperature to be T1, the
surroundings. If the thermal conductivity of wire PQ is
work done in the process is (2011)
twice that of the wire RS and the coefficient of linear
thermal expansion of PQ is 1.2 × 10–5 K–1, the change 9 3 15 9
(a) RT1 (b) RT1 (c) RT1 (d) RT1
in length of the wire PQ is (2016) 8 2 8 2
(a) 0.78 mm (b) 0.90 mm 6. A real gas behaves like an ideal gas if its (2010)
(c) 1.56 mm (d) 2.34 mm (a) pressure and temperature are both high
2. Two non-reactive monoatomic ideal gases have their (b) pressure and temperature are both low
atomic masses in the ratio 2 : 3. The ratio of their partial (c) pressure is high and temperature is low
pressures, when enclosed in a vessel kept at a constant
(d) pressure is low and temperature is high
temperature, is 4 : 3. The ratio of their densities is
(2013) 7. An ideal gas is expanding such that PT2 = constant.
The coefficient of volume expansion of the gas is (2008)
(a) 1 : 4 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 6 : 9 (d) 8 : 9
(a) 1/T (b) 2/T (c) 3/T (d) 4/T
3. Two rectangular blocks, having identical dimensions,
can be arranged either in configuration-I or in 8. Water of volume 2 litre in a container is heated with a
configuration-II as shown in the figure. One of the coil of 1 kW at 27°C. The lid of the container is open
blocks has thermal conductivity k and the other 2k. and energy dissipates at rate of 160 J/s. In how much
The temperature difference between the ends along the time temperature will rise from 27°C to 77°C
x-axis is the same in both the configurations. It takes [Given specific heat of water is 4.2 kJ/kg] (2005)
9s to transport a certain amount of heat from the hot (a) 7 min (b) 6 min 2s
end to the cold end in the configuration-I. The time to (c) 8 min 20 s (d) 14 min
transport the same amount of heat in the configuration-
9. Calorie is defined as the amount of heat required to
II is (2013)
raise temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C and it is
defined under which of the following conditions ?
Configuration-II
(2005)
Configuration-I
2k (a) From 14.5°C to 15.5°C at 760 mm of Hg
k 2k k (b) From 98.5°C to 99.5°C at 760 mm of Hg
x
(c) From 13.5°C to 14.5°C at 76 mm of Hg
(a) 2.0 s (b) 4.5 s (c) 3.0 s (d) 6.0 s
(d) From 3.5°C to 4.5° C at 76 mm of Hg
1
10. A spherical body of area A and emissivity e = 0.6 is 15. If liquefied oxygen at 1 atmospheric pressure is heated
kept inside a perfectly black body. Total heat radiated from 50 k to 300 k by supplying heat at constant rate.
by the body at temperature T (2005) The graph of temperature vs time will be
(a) 0.4 AT4 (b) 0.8 AT4
(c) 0.6 AT4 (d) 1.0 AT4
11. In which of the following process, convection does not T
take place primarily (2005) (a) (b) T
(a) sea and land breeze t t
(b) boiling of water
(c) heating air around a furnace
(d) warming of glass of bulb due to filament
12. Variation of radiant energy emitted by sun, filament of (c) T (d) T
tungsten lamp and welding are as a function of its t t
wavelength is shown in figure. Which of the following
option is the correct match ? (2005) 16. Three discs A, B and C having radii 2, 4 and 6 cm
respectively are coated with carbon black. Wavelength
for maximum intensity for the three discs are 300, 400
E
and 500 nm respectively. If QA, QB and QC are power
emitted by A, B and D respectively, then.
T3
(a) QA will be maximum (b) QB will be maximum
T2 (c) QC will be maximum (d) QA = QB = QC
T1
17. 2 kg of ice at –20°C is mixed with 5 kg of water at
 20°C in an insulting vessel having a negligible heat
capacity. Calculate the final mass of water remaining in
(a) Sun-T3, tungsten filament-T1, welding are -T2 the container. It is given that the specific heats of water
(b) Sun-T2, tungsten filament-T1, welding are -T3 & ice are 1 kcal/kg/°C & 0.5 kcal/kg/°C while the latent
(c) Sun-T3, tungsten filament-T2, welding are -T1 heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg (2003)
(d) Sun-T1, tungsten filament-T2, welding are -T3 (a) 7 kg (b) 6 kg (c) 4 kg (d) 2 kg
13. An ideal gas is initially at P1, V1 is expanded to P2, V2 18. The PT diagram for an ideal gas is shown in the figure,
and then compressed adiabatically to the same volume where AC is an adiabatic process, find the corresponding
V1 and pressure P3. If W is the net work done by the PV diagram. (2003)
gas in complete process which of the following is true
(2004) A
P
(a) W > 0; P3 > P1 (b) W < 0; P3 > P1
(c) W > 0; P3 < P1 (d) W < 0; P3 < P1 B C
14. Two identical rods are connected between two containers T
one of them is at 100°C and another is at 0°C. If rods
A A
are connected in parallel then the rate of melting of ice
P P
is q1 gm/sec. If they are connected in series then the
(a) (b)
rate is q2. The ratio q2/q1 is (2004) C C B
B
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 1/2 (d) 1/4 V V
2
A A 
P P 
(c) (d)
(c) (d)
B C C B P
P
V V 23. An ideal gas
is taken through the cycle
19. Two rods, one of aluminum and the other made of steel, A  B  C  A , as shown in the figure. If the net
having initial length 1 and 2 are connected together to heat supplied to the gas in the cycle is 5J, the work
form a single rod of length 1 + 2 . The coefficients of done by the gas in the process C  A is (2002)
linear expansion for a aluminum and steel are a and s C B
and respectively. If the length of each rod increases by 2
V(m3)
the same amount when their temperature are raised by 1
t0C, then find the ratio 1/(1 + 2) (2003) A
(a) s / a (b) a / s P (N/m2) 10

(c) s / (a + s) (d) a / (a + s) (a) –5 J (b) –10 J (c) –15 J (d) –20J
20. The graph, shown in the adjacent diagram, represents the 24. When a block of iron floats in mercury at 0°C, fraction
variation of temperature (T) of two bodies, x and y having k1 of its volume is submerged, while at the temperature
same surface area, with tiem (t) due to the emission of 60°C, a fractino k2 is seen to be submerged. If the
radiation. Find the correnct relation between the emissivity coefficient of volume expansion of iron is Fe and that
and absorptivity power of the two bodies. (2003) of mercury is  Hg , then the ratio k 1 /k 2 can be
(a) Ex > Ey & ax < ay expressed as (2001)
(b) Ex < Ey & ax > ay y 1  60 Fe 1  60 Fe

T x (a) (b)
(c) Ex > Ey & ax > ay 1  60 Hg 1  60 Hg
1  60 Fe 1  60 Hg
(d) Ex < Ey & ax < ay t (c) 1  60 (d)
Hg 1  60 Fe
21. An ideal Black-body at room temperature is thrown into
a furnace. It is observed that (2002) 25. P-V plots for two gases during adiabatic processes are
shown in the figure. Plots 1 and 2 should correspond
(a) initially it is the darkest body and at later times the
respectively to
brightest
P
(b) it is the darkest body at all times
(c) it cannot be distinguished at all times
1
(d) initially it is the darkest body and at later times it 2
cannot be distinguished
V
22. Which of the following graphs correctly represents the (a) He and O2 (b) O2 and He
dV / dP
variation of   with P for an ideal gas at (c) He and Ar (d) O2 and N2
V
constant temperature ? (2002) 26. In a given process on an ideal gas, dW = 0 and dQ < 0.
Then for the gas (2001)
(a) the temperature will decrease
(b) the volume will increase
(a)  (b) 
(c) the pressure will remain constant
(d) the temperature will increase
P P
3
27. Three rods made of same material and having the same
corss-section have been joined as shown in the figure. Y Y
Each rod is of the same length. The left and right ends
are kept at 0°C and 90°C respectively. The temperature (a)  (b) 
of the junction of the three rods will be (2001) X X
O T T + T O T T + T
Temperature K Temperature K
90°C
(a) 45°C 0°C Y Y
(b) 60°C
90°C (c) (d) 
(c) 30°C 
X X
O T T + T O T T + T
(d) 20°C
Temperature K Temperature K
28. The plots of intensity versus wave length for three black
bodies at temperature T1, T2 and T3 respectively are as 31. A block of ice at –10°C is slowly heated and converted
shown. Their temperatures are such that (2000) to steam at 100°C. Which of the following curves
represents the phenomenon qualitatively ? (2000)
Y
T3
T2
T1 T T
I (a) (b)
Heat supplied Heat supplied
o x

T T
(a) T1 > T2 > T3 (b) T1 > T3 > T2 (c) (d)
(c) T2 > T3 > T1 (d) T3 > T2 > T1 Heat supplied Heat supplied
29. Starting with the sample initial conditions, an ideal gas 32. A monatomic ideal gas, initially at temperature T1, is
expands from volume V1 to V2 in three different ways. enclosed in a cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston.
The work done by the gas is W1 if the process is purely The gas is allowed to expand adiabatically to a
isothermal, W2 if purely isobaric and W3 if purely temperature T2 by releasing the piston suddenly. If
adiabatic. Then (2000) L1 and L2 are the length of the gas column before and
T1
after expansion respectively, then is given by
y T2
(2000)
2/3 2/3
 L1  L1 L2  L2 
P (a)   (b) L (c) L (d)  
 L2  2 1  L1 
33. The ratio of the speed of sound in nitrogen gas to that
O x in helium gas, at 300 K is (1999)
V1 V2
(a) ( 2 / 7) (b) (1 / 7)
(a) W2 > W1 > W3 (b) W2 > W3 > W1
(c) W1 > W2 > W3 (d) W1 > W3 > W2
(c) e 3j / 5 (d) e 6j / 5
34. A gas mixture consists of 2 moles of oxygen and 4
30. An ideal gas is intially at temperature T and volume V.
moles of argon at temperature T. Neglecting all
Its voluem is increased by V due to an increase in
vibrational modes, the total internal energy of the system
temperature T, pressure remaining constant. The
is (1999)
V
quantity   varies with temperature as (2000) (a) 4RT (b) 15RT (c) 9RT (d) 11RT
VT
4
35. A closed compartment containing gas is moving with 1 3

(a) (b)
some acceleration in horizontal direction, Neglect effect 2( 2  1) 2 1
of gravity. Then the pressure in the compartment is
1 1
(a) same everywhere (1999) (c) 3 e 2 1 j (d)
2 1
(b) lower in the front side
41. From the following statements concerning ideal gas at
(c) lower in the rear side any given temperature T, select the correct one (s)
(d) lower in the upper side (1995)
36. A spherical black body with a radius of 12 cm radiates (a) The coefficient of volume expansion at constant
450 W power at 500 K. If the radius were halved and pressure is the same for all ideal gases
the temperature doubled, the power radiated in watt (b) The average translational kinetic energy per molecule
would be (1997) of oxygen gas is 3kT, k being Boltzmann constant
(a) 225 (b) 450 (c) 900 (d) 1800 (c) The mean-free path of molecules increases with
37. A vessel contains 1 mole of O2 gas (relative molar mass increases in the pressure
32) at a temperature T. The pressure of the gas is P. An (d) In a gaseous mixture, the average translational
identical vessel containing one mole of He gas (relative kinetic energy of the moleculs of each component
molar mass 4) at a temperature 2T has a pressure of is different
(1997)
FG   5IJ is mixed with
(a) P/8 (b) P (c) 2P (d) 8P 42. If one mole of a monatomic gas
H 3K
38. The average translational kinetic energy of O2 (relative
molar mass 32) molecules at a particular temperature is F 7I
one mole of a diatomic gas G   J , the value of  for
0.048 eV. The translational kinetic energy of N2 (relative
H 5K
mixture is (1998)
molar mass 28) molecules in eV at the same temperature
is (1997) (a) 1.40 (b) 1.50 (c) 1.53 (d) 3.07
(a) 0.0015 (b) 0.003 (c) 0.048 (d) 0.768 43. An ideal monatomic gas is taken round the cycle ABCDA
as shown in the P – V diagram (see Fig.) The work
39. Two metallic spheres S1 and S2 are made of the same
done during the cycle is (1983)
material and have got identical surface finish. The mass
of S1 is thrice that of S2. Both the spheres are heated P
to the same high temperature and placed in the same 2P,V 2P, 2V
B C
room having lower temperature but are thermally
insulated from each other. The ratio of the intial rate of A D
P,V P, 2V
cooling of S1 to that of S2 is (1995) V
FG 1IJ
1
1 1 3 3
1
(a)
3
(b)
3
(c)
1
(d)
H 3K (a) PV (b) 2PV (c)
2
PV (d) zero
40. Three rods of identical corss-sectional area and made 44. A wall has two layers A and B, each made of different
from the saem metal from the sides of an isosceles material. Both the layers have the same thickness. The
traingle ABC, right-angled at B. The points A and B are thermal conductivity of the meterial of A is twice that
of B. Under thermal equilibrium, the temperature
maintained at temperatures T and e 2 j T respectively.. difference across the wall is 36°C. The temperature
In the steady state, the temperature of the point C is difference across the layre A is (1980)
Tc. Assuming that only heat conduction takes place, (a) 6°C (b) 12°C
Tc/T is (1995) (c) 18°C (d) None of these
5
45. A metal ball immersed in alcohol weighs W1 at 0°C and

T
W2 at 50°C. The coefficient of expansion of cubical
the metal is less than that of the alcohal. Assuming that II
the density of the metal is large compared to that of
alcohol, it can be shown that (1980) I III
(a) W1 > W2 (b) W1 = W2

(c) W1 < W2 (d) None of these IV
V
46. A constant volume gas thermometer works on (1980)
(a) Process I is an isochoric process
(a) The Principle of Archimedes
(b) In process II, gas absorbs heat
(b) Boyle’s Law
(c) In process IV, gas releases heat
(c) Pascal’ Law
(d) Processes I and III are not isobaric
(d) Charle’s Law
3. A container of fixed volume has a mixture of one mole
More than One Correct Answer of hydrogen and one mole of helium in equilibrium at
1. One mole of a monatomic ideal gas goes through a tempeature T. Assuming the gases are ideal, the correct
thermodynamic cycle, as shown in the volume versus statement (s) is (are) (2015)
temperature (V–T) diagram. The correct statement(s) (a) The average energy per mole of the gas mixture is
is/are: [R is the gas constant] (2019) 2RT
V (b) The ratio of speed of sound in the gas mixture to
that in helium gas is 6 / 5
2V0 3
(c) The ratio of the rms speed of helium atoms to that
2
of hydrogen molecules is 1/2
(d) The ratio of the rms speed of helium atoms to that
V0 1
4 1 of hydrogen molecules is
2
4. A composite block is made of slabs A, B, C, D and E of
T
T0 /2 T0 3T0 /2 2T0 different thermal conductivities (given in terms of a
(a) Work done in this thermodynamic cycle constant K and sizes (given in terms of length, L) as
shown in the figure. All slabs are of same width. Heat
1
1  2  3  4  1 is | W | RT0 ‘Q’ flows only form left to right through the blocks.
2
Then in steady state (2011)
(b) The above thermodynamic cycle exhibits only
isochoric and adiabatic processes.
0 1L 5L 6L
(c) The ratio of heat transfer during processes 1  2 heat A B 3k E
Q1 2 5 1L
and 3  4 is Q  C 4k 6k
2 3 3 3L 2K
(d) The ratio of heat transfer during processes 1  2 4L D 5k
Q12 1 (a) heat flow through A and E slabs are same

and 3  4 is 
Q34 2
(b) heat flow through slab E is maximum
2. One mole of a monatomic ideal gas undergoes a cyclic
(c) temperature difference across slab E is smallest
process as shown in the figure (where V is the volume
and T is the temperature). Which of the statements (d) heat flow through C = heat flow through B + heat
below is (are) true? (2018) flow through D
6
5. One mole of an ideal gas in initial state A undergoes a 8. A black body of temperature T is inside chamber of T0
cyclic process ABCA, as shown in the figure. Its temperature initially. Sun rays are allowed to fall from a
pressure at A is P0. Choose the correct option (s) from hole in the top of chamber. If the temperature of black
the following (2010) body (T) and chamber (T0) remains constant, then
(2006)
V
4V0 B
T0
V0 A T
C
T
T0
(a) Black body will absorb more radiation
(a) Internal energies at A and B are the same (b) Black body will absorb less radiation
(b) Work done by the gas in process AB is P0V0 n 4 (c) Balck body emit more energy
P0 (d) Black body emit energy equal to enrgy absorbed by it
(c) Pressure at C is
4
9. A vessel contains a mixture of one mole of oxygen and
T0
(d) Temperatuer at C is two moles of nitrogen at 300 K. The ratio of the average
4
rotational kinetic energy per O2 molecule to that per N2
6. The figure shows the P-V plot of an ideal gas taken
molecule is (1998)
through a cycle ABCDA. The part ABC is a semi-circle
and CDA is half of an ellipse. Then, (2009) (a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
P (c) 2 : 1
A
3 (d) depends on the moments of inertia of the two
2 molecules
B
D 
10. Let v, v rms and vp respectively denote the mean speed
1
C root mean square speed, and most probable speed of
0 V the moelcules in an ideal monatomic gas at absolute
1 2 3 temperature T. The mass of a molecule is m. Then
(a) the process during the path A  B is isothermal
(1998)
(b) heat flows out of the gas during the path
(a) no molecule can have a speed greater than 2 v rms
BCD
(c) work done during the path A  B  C is zero (b) no molecule can have a speed less than vp / 2

(d) positive work is done by the gas in the cycle ABCDA (c) vp  v  v rms
7. Cv and Cp denote the molar specific heat capacities of a 3
(d) the average kinetic energy of a molecule is mv 2p
gas at constant volume and cosntant pressure, 4
respectively. Then (2009) 11. Two identical containers A and B with frictionless pistons
(a) Cp – Cv is larger for a diatomic ideal gas than for a contain the same ideal gas at the same temeprature and
monoatomic ideal gas the same volume V. The mass of the gas in A is mA,
and that in B is mB. The gas in each cylinder is now
(b) Cp + Cv is larger for a diatomic ideal gas than for a
allowed to expand isothermally to the same final volume
monatomic ideal gas
2V. The changes in the pressrue in A and B ar found to
(c) Cp / Cv is large for a diatomic ideal gas than for a be P and 1.5 P respectively. Then (1998)
monoatomic ideal gas
(a) 4mA = 9mB (b) 2mA = 3mB
(d) Cp . Cv is large for a diatomic ideal gas than for a
(c) 3mA = 2mB (d) 9mA = 4mB
monoatomic ideal gas
7
12. A bimetallic strip is formed out of two identical strips 18. Two bodies A and B have thermal emissivities of 0.01
one of copper and the other of brass. The coefficients and 0.81 respectively. The outer surface areas of the
of lienar expansion of the two metals are c and b.On two bodies are the same. The two bodies emit total
heating, the temperature of the strip goes up by T and radiant power of the same rate. The wavelength B
the strip bends to form an arc of radius of curvature R. corresponding to maximum spectral radiancy in the
Then R is (1999) radiation from B shifted from the wavelength
(a) proportional to T corresponding to maximum spectral radiancy in the
(b) inversely proportional to T radiation from A, by 1.00 m. If the temperature of A
is 5802 K : (1994)
(c) proportional to |B – C|
(d) invesely proportional to |B – C| (a) the temperature of B is 1934 K
13. A blackbody is at a temperature of 2880 K. The enrgy (b) B = 1.5 m

of radiation emitted by this object with wavelength (c) the temperature of B is 11604 K
between 499 nm and 500 nm is U1, between 999 nm (d) the temperature of B is 2901 K
and 1000 nm is U2 and between 1499 nm and 1500 nm 19. An ideal gas is taken from the state A (pressure P,
is U3. The Wien constant b = 2.88 × 106 nm K. Then volume V) to the state B (pressure P/2, volume 2V)
(1998) along a straight line path in the P-V diagram. Select the
(a) U1 = 0 (b) U3 = 0 correct statement (s) from the following : (1993)
(c) U1 > U2 (d) U2 > U1 (a) The work done by the gas in the process A to B
14. During the melting of a slab of ice at 273 K at exceeds the work that would be done by it if the
atmospheric pressure. (1998) system were taken from A to B along the isotherm.
(a) positive work is done by the ice-water system on (b) In the T-V diagram, the path AB becomes a part of
the atmosphere. a parabola
(b) positive work is done on the ice-water system by (c) In the P-T diagram, the path AB becomes a part of
the atmosphere a hyperbola
(c) the internal energy of the ice-water system increases (d) In going from A to B, the temeprature T of the gas
(d) the internal energy of the ice-water system decreases first increases to maximum value and then decreases
15. Two cylinders A and B fitted with pistons contain equal 20. Three closed vessels A, B and C are at the same
amounts of an ideal diatomic gas at 300 K. The piston temperatuer T and contain gases which obey the
of A is free to move, while that B is held fixed. The Maxwellian distribution of velocities, Vessel A contain
same amount of heat is given to the gas in each cylinder. only O2, B only N2 and C a mixture of equal quantities
If the rise in temperature of the gas in A is 30 K, then of O 2 molecules in vessel A is v 1 that of the N 2
the rise in temperature of the gas in B is (1998) molecules in vessel B is v2, the average speed of the
(a) 30 K (b) 18 K (c) 50 K (d) 42 K O2 moelcules in vessel C is (1992)
16. A given quantitiy of a ideal gas is at a pressure P and v1  v 2
(a) (b) v1
absolute temperature T. The isothermal bulk modulus 2
of the gas is (1998) 1 3kT
(c) (v .v ) 2 (d)
2 3 1 2 M
(a) P (b) P (c) P (d) 2P
3 2 where M is the mass of an oxygen molecule.
17. The temperature of an ideal gas is increased from 21. When an ideal diatomic gas is heated at constant
120 K to 480 K. If at 120 K the root-mean-square pressure, the fraction of the heat energy supplied which
velocity of the gas molecules is v, at 480 K it becomes. increases the internal energy of the gas is (1990)
(1996)
2 3 3 5
(a) 4v (b) 2v (c) v/2 (d) v/4 (a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 7 7
8
22. For an ideal gas : (1989) on to a block of ice of mass 280 grams, the time taken
(a) the change in internal energy in a constant pressure to melt the ice will be ......... minutes. (Latent heat of
process from temperature T1 to T2 is equal to nCv fusion of ice = 3.3 × 105 J/kg.) (1997)
(T2 – T1), where Cv is the molar specific heat at 2. A ring shaped tube contains two ideal gases with equal
constant volume and n the number of moles of masses and relative molar masses M 1 = 32 and
the gas M2 = 28. The gases are separated by one fixed partition
(b) the change in internal energy of the gas and the and another movable stopper S which can move freely
work done by the gas are equal in magnitude in an without friction inside the ring. The angle  as shown
adiabatic process in the figure is ......... degrees. (1997)
(c) the internal energy does not change in an isothermal M1 M2
process
(d) no heat is added or removed in an adiabatic process

23. A cylinder of radius R made of a material of thermal
conductivity K1 is surrounded by a cylindrical shell of S
inner radius R and outer radius 2R made of a material
of thermal conductivity K 2 . The two ends of the 3. Two metal cubes A and B of same size are arranged as
combined system are maintained at two different shown in figure. The extreme ends of the combination
temperatures. There is no loss of heat across the are maintained at the indicated temperatures. The
cylindrical surface an the system is in steady state. The arrangement is thermally insulated. The coefficients of
effective thermal conductivty of the system is (1998) thermal conductivity of A and B are 300 W/m°C and
(a) K1 + K2 (b) K1K2 /(K1 + K2) 200 W/m°C, respectively. After steady state is reached
the temperature t of the interface will be ............
(c) (K1 + 3K2)/4 (d) (3K1 + 3K2)/4
(1996)
24. Steam at 100°C is passed into 1.1 kg of wate contained
in a calorimeter of water equivalent 0.02 kg at 15°C till
the temperature of the calorimeter and its contents rises
to 80°C. The mass of the steam condensed in kilogram 100°C A B 0°C
is (1986) t
(a) 0.130 (b) 0.065 (c) 0.260 (d) 0.135

25. 70 calories of heat required to raise the temperature of
4. An ideal gas with pressure P, volume V and temperature
2 moles of an ideal gas at constant pressure from 30°C
T is expanded isothermally to volume 2V and a final
to 35°C. The amount of heat required (in calories) to
pressure Pi. If the same gas is expanded adiabatically
raise the temperature of the same gas through the same
to a volume 2V, the final pressure is Pa. The ratio of the
range (30°C to 35°C) at constant volume is :
Pa
(a) 30 (b) 50 (c) 70 (d) 90 specific heats of the gas is 1.67. The ratio P is .....
1
26. At room temperature, the rms speed of the molecules (1994)
of a certain diatomic gas is found to be 1930 m/s.
5. A container of volume 1m3 is divided into two equal
The gas is (1984)
parts by a partition. One part has an ideal gas at 300 K
(a) H2 (b) F 2 (c) O2 (d) Cl2 and the other part is vacuum. The whole system is
thermally isolated from the surroundings. When the
Fill in the blanks partition is removed, the gas expands to occupy the
1. Earth receives 1400 W/m2 of solar power. If all the whole volume. Its temperature will now be ........
solar energy falling on a lens of area 0.2 m2 is is focused (1993)
9
6. A substance of mass M kg requires a power input of P True / False

watts to remain in the molten state at its melting point.
When the power source is turned off, the sample 1. Two spheres of the same meterial have radii 1 m and
completely solidifies in time t seconds. Thelatent heat 4m and temperatures 4000 K and 2000 K respectively.
of fusion of the substance is ........... (1992) The energy radiated per second by the first sphere is
greater than that by the second. (1988)
7. A point source of heat of power P is placed at the centre
of a spherical shell of mean radius R. The material of 2. The root mean square (rms) speed of oxygen molecules
the shell has termal conductivity K. If the temperature (O2) at a certain temperature T (degree absolute) is V.
difference between the outer and inner surface of the If the temperature is doubled and oxygen gas dissociates
shell in not to exceed T, the thickness of the shell should into atomic oxygen, the rms speed remains unchanged.
not be less than .......... (1991) (1987)
8. A solid copper sphere (density  and specific heat c) of 3. At a given temperature, the specific heat of a gas at
radius r at an initial temperature 200 K is suspended constant pressure is always greater than its speecific
inside a chamber whose walls are at almost 0K. The heat at constant volume. (1987)
time required for the temperature of the sphere to drop 4. The curves A and B in the figure shown P-V graphs for
to 100 K is ........ (1991) an isothermal and an adiabatic process for an ideal gas.
9. The earth receives at its surface radiation from the sun The isothermal process is represented by the curve A.
at the rate of 1400 W m–2. The distance of the center
of the sun from the surface of the earth is 1.5 × 1011
m and the radius of the sun is 7 × 108 m. Treating the
P
sun as a black body, it follows from the above data that A
its surface temperature is ............. K. (1989) B
V
10. 300 grams of water at 25°C is added to 100 grams of
ice at 0°C. The final temperature of the mixture is ....°C. 5. The ratio of the velocity of sound in Hydrogen gas
FG 7 IJ 5FG IJ
11. During an experiment, an ideal gas is found to obey an
additional law VP2 = constant, the gas is initially at a

H 5 Kto that in Helium gas  
3 H K
at the same
temperature T, and volume V. When it expands to a 21

temperature is .
volume 2V, the temperature betcomes ........ (1987) 5
6. Two different gases at the same temperatuer have equal
12. The variation of temperature of a material as heat is
root mean square velocities. (1982)
given to it at a constant rate is shown in the figure. The
material is in solid state at the point O. The state of the 7. The volume V versus temperature T graphs for a certain
material at the point P is ........ (1985) amount of a perfect gas at two pressure p1 and p2 are
as shown in fig. It follows from the graphs that p1 is
greater than p2. (1982)
C V p1
T D
A P
B p2
O HEAT ADDED
T
13. One mole of a mono-atomic ideal gas is mixed with one 8. The root-mean square speeds of the molecules of
mole of a diatomic ideal gas. The molar specific heat of different ideal gases, maintained at the same temperature
the mixture at constant volume is .............. (1984) are the same. (1981)
10
Integer Type LIST-I LIST-II

P. In process I 1. Work done by the gas is zero
1. Two spherical starts A and B emit balckbody radiation.
Q. In process II 2. Temperature of the gas remains
The radius of A is 400 times that of B and A emits 104
unchanged
  
times the power emitted from B. The ratio    of R. In process III 3. No heat is exchanged between
 
their wavelengths A and B at which the peaks occur the gas and its surroundings
in their respective radiation curves is S. In process IV 4. Work done by the gas is 6 P0V0
(2015) (a) P  4;Q  3;R  1;S  2
1 (b) P  1;Q  3;R  2;S  4

2. A diatomic ideal gas is compressed adiabatically to
32 (c) P  3;Q  4;R  1;S  2
of its initial volume. If the initial temperature of the gas
(d) P  3;Q  4;R  2;S  1
is Ti (in kelvin) and the final temperatuer is a Ti, the
2. One mole of a monatomic gas is taken through a cycle
value of a is (2010)
ABCD as shown in the P-V diagram. Column II give
3. Two spherical bodies A (radius 6 cm) and B (radius the characteristics involved in the cycle. Match them
18 cm) are at temperature T1 and T2, respectively. The with each of the processes given in Column I. (2011)
maximum intensity in the emission spectrum of A is at
P B A
500 nm and in that of B is at 1500 nm. Considering 3P
them to be black bodies. What will be the ratio of the
rate of total energy radiated by A to that of B ?
1P D
C
(2010) v
0 1V 3V 9V
4. A piece of ice (heat capacity = 2100 J kg–1°C–1 and Column I Column II
latent heat = 3.36 × 105 J kg–1) of mass m grams is at
(A) Process A  B (p) Internal energy decreases
–5°C at atmospheric pressure. It is given 420 J of heat
so tha the ice starts melting. Finally when the ice-water (B) Process B  C (q) Internal energy increases
mixture is in equilibrium, it is found that 1 gm of ice (C) Process C  D (r) Heat is lost
has melted. Assuming there is no other heat exchange (D) Process D  A (s) Work is done on the gas
in the process, the value of m is (2010)
3. One mole of a monatomic ideal gas is taken along two
Match the Column cyclic processes E  F  G  E and E  F  H 
E as shown in the PV diagram. The processes involved
1. One mole of a monatomic ideal gas undergoes four are purely isochoric, isobaric, isothermal or adiabatic.
thermodynamic processes as shown schematically in
(2013)
the PV-diagram below. Among these four processes, P F
one is isobaric, one is isochoric, one is isothermal and 32P0
one is adiabatic. Match the processes mentioned in
List-I with the corresponding statements in List-II.
(2018)
P
II P0 G
3P0 E H
V
V0
IV III
Match the paths in List I with the magnitudes of the
I
P0 work done in List II and select the correct answer using
the codes given below the lists.
V0 3V0 V
11
List – I List – II to be 75°C, T is given by (Given : room temperature =

(P) G  E (1) 160 P0V0 ln2 30°C, specific heat of copper = 0.1 cal/gm°C (2017)
(Q) G  H (2) 36 P0V0 (a) 1250°C (b) 825°C (c) 800°C (d) 885°C
(R) F  H (3) 24 P0V0 5. An ideal gas undergoes a quasi static, reversible process
in which its molar heat capacity C remains constant. If
(S) F  G (4) 31 P0V0
during this process the relation of pressure P and volume
Codes : V is given by PVn = constant, then n is given by (Here
P Q R S CP and CV are molar specific heat at constant pressure
(a) 4 3 2 1 and constant volume, respectively) (2016)
(b) 4 3 1 2 CP  C C  Cv
(a) n  C  C (b) n  C  C
(c) 3 1 2 4 v p
(d) 1 3 2 4
Cp C–Cp
(c) n  (d) n 
JEE main (AIEEE) CV C–CV
6. A pendulum clock loses 12 s a day if the temperature is

1. Two moles of an ideal monoatomic gas occupies a
40°C and gains 4 s a day if the temperature is 20°C.
volume V at 27°C. The gas expands adiabatically to a
The temperature at which the clock will show correct
volume 2V. Calculate (a) the final temperature of the
time, and the co-efficeint of lienar expansion () of the
gas and (b) change in its internal energy. (2018)
metal of the pendulum shaft are respectively. (2016)
(1) (a) 189 K (b) 2.7 kJ
(a) 30°C;  = 1.85 × 10–3/°C
(2) (a) 195 K (b) –2.7 kJ
(b) 55°C;  = 1.85 × 10–2/°C
(3) (a) 189 K (b) –2.7 kJ
(c) 25°C;  = 1.85 × 10–5/°C
(4) (a) 195 K (b) 2.7 kJ
(d) 60°C;  = 1.85 × 10–4/°C
2. The temperature of an open room of volume 30 m3
increases from 17°C to 27°C due to sunshine. The 7. ‘n’ moles of an ideal gas undergoes a process A  B as
atmospheric pressure in the room remains 1 × 105 Pa. shown in the figure. The maximum temperature of the
If ni and nf are the number of molecules in the room gas during the process will be : (2016)
before and after heating, then nf – ni will be (2017) P
A
(a) 2.5 × 1025 (b) –2.5 × 1025 2P0
P0 B
(c) –1.61 × 1023 (d) 1.38 × 1023
3. Cp and Cv are specific heats at constant pressure and
constant volume respectively. It is observed that V0 2V0 V
Cp – Cv = a for hydrogen gas 9P0 V0 9P0 V0
(a) (b)
Cp – Cv = b for nitrogen gas 2nR nR
The correct relation between a and b is (2017) 9P0 V0 3P0 V0
(c) (d)
(a) a = 14 b (b) a = 28 b 4nR 2nR
1 8. Consider an ideal gas confined in an isolated closed
(c) a = b (d) a = b
14 chamber. As the gas undergoes an adiabatic expansion,
4. A copper ball of mass 100 gm is at a temperature T. It the average time of collision between molecules increase
is dropped in a copper calorimeter of mass 100 gm, as Vq, where V is the volume of the gas. The value of
filled with 170 gm of water at room temperature.  Cp 
q is :     (2015)
Subsequently, the temperature of the system is found  Cv 
12
 1  1 (b) The change in internal energy in the process CA is
(a) (b)
2 2 700 R
3  5 3  5 (c) The change in internal energy in the process AB is
(c) (d)
6 6 –350 R
9. Consider a spherical shell of radius R at temperature T.
(d) The change in internal energy in the process BC is
The black body radiation inside it can be considered as
–500 R
an ideal gas of photons with internal energy per unit
12. Three rods of Copper, Brass and Steel are welded
U 4
volume u   T and pressure p 
1 U FG IJ
V 3 V H K
. If the together to form a Y shaped structure. Area of
cross-section of each rod = 4cm2. End of copper rod
shell now undergoes an adiabatic expansion the relation
is maintained at 100°C where as ends of brass and steel
between T and R is : (2015)
are ketp at 0°C. Lengths of the copper, brass and steel
1 1
(a) T  (b) T  rods are 46, 13 and 12 cms respectively. The rods are
R R3
thermally insulated from surroundings excepts at ends.
(c) T  e  R (d) T  e 3R
Thermal conductivities of copper, brass and steel are
10. A solid body of constant heat capacity 1 J/°C is being 0.92, 0.26 and 0.12 CGS units respectively. Rate of
heated by keeping it in contact with reservoirs in two heat flow through copper rod is : (2014)
ways : (2015) (a) 1.2 cal/s (b) 2.4 cal/s
(i) Sequentially keeping in contact with 2 reservoirs
(c) 4.8 cal/s (d) 6.0 cal/s
such that each reservoir supplies same amount of
13. The pressure that has to be applied to the ends of a
heat
steel wire of length 10 cm to keep its length constant
(ii) Sequentially keeping in contact with 8 reservoirs
when its temperature is raised by 100°C is :
such that each reservoir supplies same amount of
(For steel Young’s modulus is 2 × 10 11 Nm–2 and
heat
coefficient of thermal expansion is 1.1 × 10–5 K–1)
In both the cases body is brought from initial
temperature 100°C to final temperature 200°C. Entropy (2014)
change of the body in the two cases respectively is : (a) 2.2 × 108 Pa (b) 2.2 × 109 Pa
(a) ln2, 2ln2 (b) 2ln2, 8ln2 (c) 2.2 × 107 Pa (d) 2.2 × 106 Pa
(c) ln2, 4ln2 (d) ln2, ln2 14. If a piece of metal is heated to temperature  and then
11. One mole of a diatomic ideal gas undergoes a cyclic allowed to cool in a room which is at temperature 0,
process ABC as shown in figure. The process BC is the graph between the temperature T of the metal and
adiabatic. The temperatures at A, B and C are 400 K, time t will be closer to (2013)
800 K and 600 K respectively. Choose the correct
statement. (2014)
T
T

(a) (b)
B
800 K
0 t 0 t
P
600 K
A C
400 K T
T
V 
(c) (d)

(a) The change in internal energy in whole cyclic
process is 250 R 0 t 0 t
13
P 18. Helium gas goes through a cycle ABCDA (consisting of
A B two isochoric and isobaric lines) as shown in figure
2P0
Efficiency of this cycle is nearly : (Assume the gas to
P0 C
15. D be close to ideal gas) (2012)
V0 2V0 V (a) 15.4% B C
2P0
The above p-v diagram represents the thermodynamics (b) 9.1 %
P0 A D
cycle of an engine, operating with an ideal monatomic (c) 10.5%
gas. The amount of heat, extracted from the source in (d) 12.5% V0 2V0
a single cycle is (2013) 19. A wooden wheel of radius R is made of two semicircular
parts (see figure). The two parts are held together by a
 13 
(a) p0v0 (b)   p0 v0 ring made of a metal strip of cross sectional area S and
2
length L, L is slightly less than 2R. To fit the ring on
FG 11IJ p v the wheel, it is heated so that its temperature rises by

(c) H 2K 0 0 (d) 4p0v0 T and it just steps over the wheel. As it cools down to
surrounding temperature. it presses the semicircular
16. A cannot engine, whose efficiency is 40% takes in heat parts together. If the coefficient of linear expansion of
from a source maintained at a temperature of 500 K. It the metal is a, and its Young’s modulus is Y, the force
is desired to have an engine of efficiency 60%. Then, that one part of the wheel applies on the other part is
the intake temperature for the same exhaust (sink) (2012)
temperature must be : (2012)
(a) efficiency of Carnot engine cannot be made larger R
than 50%
(b) 1200 K
(c) 750 K
(a) 2SYT (b) SYT
(d) 600 K
(c) SYDT (d) 2SYT
17. A liquid in a beaker has temperature  (t) at time t and
0 is temperature of surroundings, then according to 20. 100g of water is heated from 30°C to 50°C. Ignoring
Newton’s law of cooling the correct graph between loge the slight expansion of the water, the change in
( – 0) and t is (2012) its internal energy is (specific heat of water is
4184 J/kg/K) (2011)
(a) 8.4 kJ (b) 84 kJ (c) 2.1 kJ (d) 4.2 kJ
log e ( – 0)
log e ( – 0)
21. A carnot engine operating between temperatures T1 and

1
T2 has efficiency . When T2 is lowered by 62 K its
(a) (b) 6
1
0 t 0 efficiency increase to . Then T 1 and T 2 are,
t 3
respectively. (2011)
(a) 372 K and 330 K (b) 330 K and 268 K
log e ( – 0)
log e ( – 0)
(c) 310 K and 248 K (d) 372 K and 310 K

22. Three perfect gases at absolute temperature T1, T2 and
(c) (d) T3 are mixed. The masses of molecules are m1, m2 and
0 0 m3 and the number of molecules are n1, n2 and n3
t t
respectively. Assuming no loss of energy, the final
temperature of the mixture is (2011)
14
Directions for questions 27 to 29: Questions are

n1T1  n 2T2  n 3T3 n1T12  n2 T22  n3T32
(a) (b) based on the following paragraph.
n1  n 2  n 3 n1T1  n2 T2  n3T3
Two moles of helium gas are taken over the cycle
n12 T12 n22 T22
 n32 T32 (T1  T2  T3 ) ABCDA, as shown in the P-T diagram.
(c) (d)
n1T1  n2 T2  n3T3 3
23. A thermally insulated vessel contains an ideal gas of 5 A B
2 × 10
molecular mass M and ratio of specific heats . It is
P (Pa)
moving with speed v and it’s suddenly brought to rest. 5
1 × 10 D C
Assuming no heat is lost to the surroundings, its
T
temperature increases by (2011) 300 K 500 K
(   1) M 2 v 27. The net work done on the gas in the cycle ABCDA is :
(a) Mv 2 K (b) K
2 R 2R (a) 276 R (b) 1076 R
(   1) (   1) 2
(c) 1904 R (d) zero
(c) Mv 2 K (d) 2(   1) R Mv K
2R 28. The work done on the gas in taking it from D to A is
24. A diatomic ideal gas is used in a Carnot engine as the (a) + 414 R (b) –690 R
working substance. If during the adiabatic expansion (c) + 690 R (d) –414 R
part of the cycle the volume of the gas increases from 29. Assuming the gas to be ideal the work done on the gas
V to 32V, the efficiency of the engine is (2010) in taking it from A to B is
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.75 (a) 300 R (b) 400 R
(c) 0.99 (d) 0.25 (c) 500 R (d) 200 R
25. Statement I : The temperature dependence of resistance 30. A long metallic bar is carrying heat from one of its ends
is usually given as R = Ro (1 + t). The resistance to the other end under steady-state. The variation of
ofa wire changes from 100 to 150 when its temperature  along the length x of the bar from its hot
temperature is increased from 27°C to 227°C. This end is best described by which of the following figures ?
implies that (2009)
 = 2.5 × 10–3/°C.
Statement II : R = Ro (1 + t) is valid only when
the change in the temperature T is small and
R = (R – R0) << Ro, (2009) (a) (b)
x x
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-
2 is the correct explanation of Statement-1.
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true,
Statement-2 is not the correct explanation of (c) (d)
Statement-1 x x
(c) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true 31. An insulated container of gas has two chambers
(d) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. separated by an insulating partition. One of the chambers
26. One kg of a diatomic gas is at pressure of 8 × 104 N/ has volume V1 and contains ideal gas at pressure P1
m2. The density of the gas is 4kg/m3. What is the energy and temperature T1. The other chamber has volume V2
of the gas due to its thermal motion ? (2009) and contains ideal gas at pressure P2 and temperature
T2. If the partition is removed without doing any work
(a) 5×104 J (b) 6 × 104 J
on the gas, the final equilibrium temperature of the gas
(c) 7 × 104 J (d) 3 × 104 J in the container will be (2008)
15
T1T2 (P1V1  P2 V2 ) P1V1T1  P2 V2T2 37. The work of 146 kJ is performed in order to compress
(a) P1V1T2  P2 V2T1 (b) P1V1  P2 V2 one kilo mole of gas adiabatically and in this process
P1V1T2  P2 V2T1 T1T2 (P1V1  P2 V2 ) the temperature of the gas increases by 7°C. The gas is
(c) P1V1  P2 V2 (d) P1V1T1  P2 V2T2 (R = 8.3 J mol–1 K–1) (2006)
32. The speed of sound in oxygen (O 2 ) at a certain (a) diatomic
temperature is 460 ms–1. The speed of sound in helium (b) triatomic
(He) at the same temperature will be (assuem both gases
(c) a mixture of monoatomic and diatomic
to be ideal) (2008)
(d) monoatomic
(a) 1421 ms–1 (b) 500 ms–1
38. Tow rigid boxes containing different ideal gas are placed
(c) 650 ms–1 (d) 330 ms–1
on a table. Box A contains one mole of nitrogen at
33. If Cp and Cv denote the specific heats of nitrogen per temperature T0, while Box contains one mole of helium
unit mass at constant pressure and constant volume 7 FG IJ
respectively, then (2007) at temperature
3 HK
T0 . The boxes are then put into
(a) Cp – Cv = 28R (b) Cp – Cv = R/28 thermal contact with each other, and heat flows between
them until the gases reach a common final temperature
(c) Cp – Cv = R/14 (d) Cp – Cv = R
(ignore the heat capacity of boxes). Then the final
34. One end of thermally insulated rod is kept at a
temperature of the gases, Tf in terms of T0 is (2006)
temperature T1 and the other at T2. The rod is composed
3 7
of two sections of l ength l 1 and l 2 and thermal (a) Tf  T0 (b) T f  T0
7 3
conductivities K1 and K2 respectively. The temperature
3 5
at the interface of the two section is (2007) (c) Tf  T0 (d) Tf  T0
2 2
T 1 l1 l2 T2
39. Assuming the Sun to be a spherical body of radius R at
a temperature of TK, evaluate the total radiant powered
incident of Earth at a distance r from the Sun (2006)
K1 K2
T4 T4
( K1l1T1  K 2l2T2 ) ( K 2l2T1  K1l1T2 ) 2 2
(a) 4 r0 R 
2 2
(b) r0 R 
(a) (b) r2 r2
( K1l1  K 2l2 ) ( K1l1  K 2l2 )
2 2 T4 2 T4
( K 2l1T1  K1l2T2 ) ( K1l2T1  K 2l1T2 ) (c) r0 R  (d) R 
(c) (d) 4 r 2 r2
( K 2l1  K1l2 ) ( K1l2  K 2l1 )
40. A gaseous mixture consists of 16 g of helium and 16 g
35. A carnot engine, having an efficiency of  = 1/10 as
Cp
heat engine, is used as a refrigerator. If the work done of oxygen. The ratio of the mixture is (2005)
Cv
on the system is 10 J, the amount of energy absorbed
from the reservoir at lower temperature is (2007) (a) 1.62 (b) 1.59 (c) 1.54 (d) 1.4
(a) 100 J (b) 99 J (c) 90 J (d) 1 J 41. The temperature-entropy diagram of a reversible engine
cycle is given in the figure. Its efficiency is (2005)
36. When a system is taken from state i to state f along the
T
path iaf, it is found that Q = 50 cal and W = 20 cal.
Along the path ibf Q = 36 cal. W alogn the path ibf is 2T0
(2007)
a f
T0
S
S0 2S0
i b 1 1 2 1
(a) 14 cal (b) 6 cal (c) 16 cal (d) 66 cal (a) (b) (c) (d)
4 2 3 3
16
42. A system goes from A to B via two processes I and II x 4x

as shown in figure. If U1 and U2 are the changes in
internal energies in the process I and II respectively,
then (2005)
T2 T1
(a) relation between U1 and K 2K
p
II
U2 can not be determined
A B
(b) U1 = U2 I
(c) U2 < U1 v
2 1 1
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d)
(d) U2 > U1 3 2 3
43. The figure shows a system of two concentric spheres 46. Two thermally insulated vessels 1 and 2 are filled with
of radii r1 and r2 are kept at temperature T1 and T2, air at temperatures (T 1, T 2), volume (V 1, V 2) and
respectively. The radial rate of flow of heat in a pressure (P1, P2) respectively. If the valve joining the
substance between the two concentric spheres is two vessels is opened, the temperature inside the vessel
proportional to (2005) at equilibrium will be (2004)
(a) T1T2 (P1V1 + P2V2) / (P1V1T2 + P2V2T1)
(b) (T1 + T2)/2
r1 (c) T1 + T2
T1
(d) T1T2 (P1V1 + P2V2) / (P1V1T1 + P2V2T2)
r2 T2
47. Which of the following statements is correct for any
thermodynamics system ? (2004)
 r2  ( r2  r1 )
(a) n  r  (b) (r1 r2 )
(a) The change in entropy can never be zero
 1
(b) Internal energy and entropy and state functions
r1 r2 (c) The internal energy changes in all process

(c) (r2 – r1) (d) (r  r ) (d) The work done in an adiabatic process is always
2 1
zero
44. Which of the following is incorrect regarding the first
48. If the temperature of the sun were to increase from T
law of thermodynamic ? (2005)
to 2T and its radius from R to 2R, then the ratio of the
(a) It is restatement of the principle of conservation of radiant energy received on earth to what it was
energy previously will be (2004)
(b) It is not applicable to any cyclic process (a) 32 (b) 16 (c) 4 (d) 64
(c) It introduces the concept of the entropy 49. One mole of ideal monatomic gas ( = 5/3) is mixed
with one mole of diatomic gas ( = 7/5). What is  for
(d) It introduces the concept of the internal energy
the mixture ?  Denotes the ratio of specific heat at
45. The temperature of the two outer surface of a composite constant pressure, to that at constant volume (2004)
slab, consisting of two materials having coefficients of (a) 35/23 (b) 23/15 (c) 3/2 (d) 4/3
thermal conductivity K and 2 K and thickness x and
50. According to Newton’s law of cooling, the rate of
4x, respectively, are T2 and T1 (T2 > T1). The rate of
cooling of a body is proportional to ()n, where  is
heat transfer through the slab, in a steady state is
the difference of the temperature of the body and the
FG A(T  T ) K IJ f , with f equal to surroundings, and n is equal to (2003)
H x K
2 1
(2004)
(a) two (b) three (c) four (d) one
17
51. The earth radiates in the infra-red region of the spectrum. (c) reach absolute zero temperature
The spectrum is correctly give by (2003) (d) eliminate friction
(a) Rayleigh Jeans law 59. At what temperature is the r.m.s. velocity of a hydrogen
(b) Planck’s law of radiation molecule equal to that of an oxygen molecule at 47°C?
(c) Stefan’s law of radiation (2002)
(d) Wien’s law (a) 80 K (b) –73 K (c) 3 K (d) 20K
52. A Carnot engine takes 3 × 106
cal. of heat from a 60. If mass-energy equivalence is taken into account, when
reservoir at 627°C, and gives it to a sink at 27°C. The water is cooled to form ice, the mass of water should
work done by the engine is (2003)
(2002)
(a) 4.2 × 106 J (b) 8.4 × 106J
(a) increase
(c) 16.8 × 106 J (d) zero
(b) remain unchanged
53. Which of the following parameter does not characterize
(c) decrease
the thermodynamic state of matter ? (2003)
(a) Temperature (b) Pressure (d) first increase then decrease
(c) Work (d) Volume 61. Cooking gas containers are kept in a lorry moving with
uniform speed. The temperature of the gas molecules
54. During an adiabatic process, the pressure of a gas is
inside will (2002)
found to be proportional to the cube of its absolute
temperature. The ratio CP/CV for the gas is (2003) (a) increase
(b) decrease
4 5 3
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d) (c) remain same
3 3 2
(d) decrease for some while increase for others
55. “Heat cannot by itself flow from a body at lower
temperature to a body at higher temperature” is a 62. Which of the following is more close to a black body ?
statement or consequence of (2003) (2002)
(a) second law of thermodynamics (a) black board paint (b) green leaves
(b) conservation of momentum (c) black holes (d) red roses
(c) conservation of mass 63. Infrared radiation is detected by (2002)
(d) first law of thermodynamics (a) spectrometer (b) pyrometer
56. Two spheres of the same material have radii 1 m and (c) nanometer (d) photometer
4 m and temperatures 4000 K and 2000 K respectively.
64. Heat given to a body which raises its temperature by
The ratio of the energy radiated per second by the first
1°C is (2002)
sphere to that by the second is (2002)
(a) water equivalent (b) thermal capacity
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 16 :1 (c) 4 : 1 (d) 1 : 9
(c) specific heat (d) temperature gradient
57. 1 mole of a gas with  = 7/5 mixed with 1 mole of a
gas with  = 5/3, then the value of  for the resulting 65. Which statement is incorrect ? (2002)
mixture is (2002) (a) all reversible cycles have same efficiency
(a) 7/5 (b) 2/5 (c) 24/16 (d) 12/7 (b) reversible cycle has more efficiency than an
58. Even Carnot engine cannot give 100% efficiency because irreversible one
we cannot (2002) (c) Carnot cycle is a reversible one
(a) prevent radiation (d) Carnot cycle has the maximum efficiency in all
(b) find ideal sources cycles
18
JEE main (Online)

1. A gas mixture consists of 3 moles of oxygen and 5 7.
moles of argon at temperature T. Assuming the gases
to be ideal and the oxygen bond to be rigid, the total Consider a gas of triatomic molecules. The molecules
internal energy (in units of RT) of the mixture is : are assumed to the triangular and made of massless
(2020 Sep) rigid rods whose vertices are occupied by atoms. The
(a) 11 (b) 15 (c) 20 (d) 13 internal energy of a mole of the gas at temperature T is
2. An engine takes in 5 moles of air at 20°C and 1 atm, : (2020 Sep)
and compresses it adiabaticaly to 1/10th of the original 9 3 5
(a) RT (b) RT (c) RT (d) 3RT
volume. Assuming air to be a diatomic ideal gas made 2 2 2
up of rigid molecules, the change in its internal energy 8. A bakelite beaker has volume capacity of 500 cc at 30°C.
during this process comes out to be X kJ. The value of When it is partially filled with Vm volume (at 30°) of
X to the nearest integer is _______. (2020 Sep) mercury, it is found that the unfilled volume of the beaker
3. A heat engine is involved with exchange of heat of 1915 remains constant as temperature is varied. If
4 1
J, –40 J, +125 J and QJ, during one cycle achieving an  bea ker   6 106 C1 and  mercury  1.5 10 C ,
efficiency of 50.0%. The value of Q is : (2020 Sep)
where  is the coefficient of volume expansion, then
(a) 640 J (b) 400 J Vm (in cc) is close to ______. (2020 Sep)
(c) 980 J (d) 40 J 9. To raise the temperature of a certain mass of gas by
4. An ideal gas in a closed container is slowly heated. As 50°C at a constant pressure, 160 calories of heat is
its temperature increases, which of the following required. When the same mass of gas is cooled by 100°C
statements are true ? (2020 Sep) at constant volume, 240 calories of heat is released.
How many degrees of freedom does each molecule of
(A) the mean free path of the molecules decreases.
this gas have (assume gas to be ideal)? (2020 Sep)
(B) the mean collision time between the molecules
(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 7
decreases.
10. A metallic sphere cools from 50°C to 40°C in 300 s. If
(C) the mean free path remains unchanged. atmospheric temperature around is 20°C, then the
(D) the mean collision time remains unchanged. sphere’s temperature after the next 5 minutes will be
(a) (C) and (D) (b) (A) and (B) close to : (2020 Sep)
(c) (A) and (D) (d) (B) and (C) (a) 33°C (b) 35°C (c) 31°C (d) 28°C
11. A calorimeter of water equivalent 20 g contains 180 g
5. When the temperature of a metal wire is increased from
of water at 25°C. ‘m’ grams of steam at 100°C is mixed
0°C to 10°C, its length increases by 0.02%. The
in it till the temperature of the mixture is 31°C. The
percentage change in its mass density will be closest to
value of ‘m’ is close to (Latent heat of water = 540 cal
: (2020 Sep)
g–1, specific heat of water = 1 cal g–1 °C–1)
(a) 0.008 (b) 0.06
(2020 Sep)
(c) 0.8 (d) 2.3
(a) 2.6 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 3.2
6. A balloon filled with helium (32°C and 1.7 atm.) bursts.
12. If minimum possible work is done by a refrigerator in
Immediately afterwards the expansion of helium can be
converting 100 grams of water at 0°C to ice, how much
considered as : (2020 Sep)
heat (in calories) is released to the surrounding at
(a) Irreversible isothermal (b) Irreversible adiabatic temperature 27°C (Latent heat of ice = 80 Cal/gram) to
(c) Reversible adiabatic (d) Reversible isothermal the nearest integer? (2020 Sep)
19
13. Match the CP/CV ratio for ideal gases with different 17. The change in the magnitude of the volume of an ideal
type of molecules : (2020 Sep) gas when a small additional pressure P is applied at a
Molecular type CP/CV. constant temperature, is the same as the change when
the temperature is reduced by a small quantity T at
(A) Monoatomic (I) 7/5
constant pressure. The initial temperature and pressure
(B) Diatomic rigid (II) 9/7 of the gas were 300 K and 2 atm respectively. If
molecules | T | C | P | then value of C in (K/atm) is _______.
(C) Diatomic non-rigid (III) 4/3 (2020 Sep)
molecules 18. Three different processes that can occur in an ideal
(D) Triatomic rigid (IV) 5/3 monoatomic gas are shown in the P vs V diagram. The
paths are labelled as A  B, A  C and A  D. The
molecules
change in internal energies during these process are taken
(a) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III as EAB, EAC and EAD and the workdone as WAB, WAC
(b) A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III and WAD. (2020 Sep)
The correct relation between these parameters are :
(c) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
(d) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV D
C T 1 > T2
14. The specific heat of water = 4200 J kg–1 K–1 and the
P B
latent heat of ice  3.4  105 J kg 1 . 100 grams of ice A T1
at 0°C is placed in 200 g of water at 25°C. The amount T2
of ice that will melt as the temperature of water reaches V
0°C is close to (in grams) : (2020 Sep)
(a) EAB = EAC = EAD, WAB > 0, WAC = 0 WAD > 0
(a) 61.7 (b) 63.8
(b) EAB < EAC < EAD, WAB > 0, WAC > WAD
(c) 69.3 (d) 64.6
(c) EAB = EAC < EAD, WAB > 0, WAC = 0 WAD < 0
15. A closed vessel contains 0.1 mole of a monoatomic ideal
(d) EAB > EAC > EAD, WAB < WAC < WAD
gas at 200 K. If 0.05 mole of the same gas at 400 K is
added to it, the final equilibrium temperature (in K) of 19. A bullet of mass 5g, travelling with a speed of 210 m/s,
the gas in the vessel will be closed to _______. strikes a fixed wooden target. One half of its kinetic
(2020 Sep) energy is converted into heat in the bullet while the other
half is converted into heat in the wood. The rise of
16. Match the thermodynamic processes taking place in a
temperature of the bullet is the specific heat of its material
system with the correct conditions. In the table : Q
is 0.030 cal/(g–°C) (1 cal = 4.2 × 107 ergs) close to :
is the heat supplied, W is the work done and U is
(2020 Sep)
change in internal energy of the system :
(a) 83.3°C (b) 87.5°C
(2020 Sep)
(c) 119.2°C (d) 38.4°C
Process Condition
20. Number of molecules in a volume of 4 cm3 of a perfect
(I) Adiabatic (A) W = 0
monoatomic gas at some temperature T and at a
(II) Isothermal (B) Q = 0 pressure of 2 cm of mercury is close to ? (Given, mean
(III) Isochoric (C) U  0, W  0, kinetic energy of a molecule (at T) is 4 × 10–14 erg, g
= 980 cm/s2, density of mercury = 13.6 g/cm3)
Q  0
(2020 Sep)
(IV) Isobaric (D) U  0
(a) 5.8 × 1018 (b) 5.8 × 1016
(a) I-B, II-D, III-A, IV-C (b) I-B, II-A, III-D, IV-C
(c) 4.0 × 1018 (d) 4.0 × 1016
(c) I-A, II-A, III-B, IV-C (d) I-A, II-B, III-D, IV-D
20
21. In an adiabatic process, the density of a diatomic gas and 20°C in steady state and there is no loss of energy
becomes 32 times its initial value. The final pressure of from the surface of the rod, the correct relationship
the gas is found to be n times the initial pressure. The between K1, K2 and K3 is : (2020 Sep)
value of n is : (2020 Sep) K1 K2 K3
1 100°C 0°C
(a) 326 (b) (c) 32 (d) 128
32
70°C 20°C
22. Two different wires having lengths L1 and L2, and
(a) K1 : K3 = 2 : 3; K2 : K3 = 2 : 5
respective temperature coefficient of linear expansion
1 and 2, are joined end-to-end. Then the effective (b) K1 < K2 < K3
temperature coefficient of linear expansion is : (c) K1 : K2 = 5 : 2; K1 : K3 = 3 : 5;
(2020 Sep) (d) K1 > K2 > K3
1 2 L 2 L1
(a) 4     L  L  (b) 2 1 2 27. In a dilute gas at pressure P and temperature T, the
1 2 2 1 mean time between successive collisions of a molecule
1   2 1L1   2 L 2 varies with T as : (2020 Sep)
(c) (d) L1  L 2
2
1
23. Nitrogen gas is at 300°C temperature. The temperature (a) T (b)
T
(in K) at which the rms speed of a H2 molecule would
be equal to the rms speed of a nitrogen molecule, is 1
(c) (d) T
_____. (2020 Sep) T
24. Molecules of an ideal gas are known to have three 28. Assuming the nitrogen molecule is moving with r.m.s.
translational degrees of freedom and two rotational velocity at 400 K, the de-Broglie wavelength of nitrogen
degrees of freedom. The gas is maintained at a molecule is close to :
temperature of T. The total internal energy, U of a mole
(Given : nitrogen molecule weight : 4.64  10 26 kg,
 Cp 
of this gas, and the value of     given, Boltzman constant ; 1.38  1023 J / K, Planck constant
 Cv 
respectively, by : (2020 Sep) : 6.63  1034 J.s) (2020 Sep)
5 6 7 (a) 0.34 Å (b) 0.24 Å

(a) U  RT and   (b) U  5RT and  
2 5 5 (c) 0.20 Å (d) 0.44 Å
6 5 7
(c) U  5RT and   (d) U  RT and   29. An engine operates by taking a monatomic ideal gas
5 2 5
through the cycle shown in the figure. The percentage
25. Initially a gas of diatomic molecules is contained in a
efficiency of the engine is close to ______. (2020 Sep)
cylinder of volume V1 at a pressure P1 and temperature
B C
250 K. Assuming that 25% of the molecules get 3P0
dissociated causing a change in number of moles. the 2P0
pressure of the resulting gas at temperature 2000 K, P0
A D
when contained in a volume 2V1 is given by P2. The
V0 2V0
ratio P2/P1 is. (2020 Sep)
30. A litre of dry air at STP expands adiabatically to a
26. Three rods of identical cross-section and lengths are
volume of 3 litres. If  = 1.40, the work done by air is
made of three different materials of thermal conductivity 1.4
: (3 = 4.6555) [Take air to be an ideal gas]
K1, K2, and K3, respectively. They are joined together
at their ends to make a long rod (see figure). One end (2020 Jan)
of the long rod is maintained at 100°C and the other at (a) 90.5 J (b) 48 J
0°C (see figure). If the joints of the rod are at 70°C (c) 60.7 J (d) 100.8 J
21
CP 5 36. M grams of steam at 100°C is mixed with 200 g of ice
31. Two moles of an ideal gas with 
C V 3 are mixed at its melting point in a thermally insulated container. If
CP 4 it produces liquid water at 40°C [heat of vaporization
with 3 moles of another ideal gas with C  3 . The of water is 540 cal/g and heat of fusion of ice is 80 cal/
V
CP g], the value of M is _____. (2020 Jan)
value of C for the mixture is : (2020 Jan)
V 37. The plot that depicts the behavior of the mean free time
(a) 1.50 (b) 1.42 (c) 1.45 (d) 1.47 t (time between two successive collisions) for the
32. A Carnot engine operates between two reservoirs of molecules of an ideal gas, as a function of temperature
temperatures 900 K and 300 K. The engine performs (T), qualitatively, is: (Graphs are schematic and not
1200 J of work per cycle. The heat energy (in J) drawn to scale) (2020 Jan)
delivered by the engine to the low temperature
reservoir, in a cycle, is _______. (2020 Jan) t t
33. A non-isotropic solid metal cube has coefficients of (a) (b)
linear expansion as :
T 1/T
–5 –6
5 × 10 /°C along the x-axis and 5 × 10 /°C along the
y and the z-axis. If the coefficient of volume expansion
–6
t
of the solid is C × 10 /°C then the value of C is ____. t
(2020 Jan) (c) (d)
1
34. Two ideal Carnot engines operate in cascade (all heat
T T
given up by one engine is used by the other engine to
produce work) between temperatures, T1 and T2. The 38. A thermodynamic cycle xyzx is shown on a V-T
temperature of the hot reservoir of the first engine is diagram. (2020 Jan)
T1 and the temperature of the cold reservoir of the V
z y
second engine is T2. T is temperature of the sink of
first engine which is also the source for the second
engine. How is T related to T1 and T2, if both the x
engines perform equal amount of work? (2020 Jan) T
The P-V diagram that best describes this cycle is :
2T1T2
(a) T  T  T (b) T  T1T2 (Diagrams are schematic and not to scale)
1 2
P x P x
T1  T2
(c) T  (d) T  0
2
35. Under an adiabatic process, the volume of an ideal gas (a) (b)
gets doubled. Consequently the mean collision time z y y z
V V
between the gas molecule changes from 1 to 2 . If P P
x z x y
Cp 
  for this gas then a good estimate for 2 is
Cv 1 (c) (d)
y z
given by : (2020 Jan) V V
1 1
39. A carnot engine having an efficiency of is being
(a)  
1 2 10
(b) 2
2 used as a refrigerator. If the work done on the
refrigerator is 10 J, the amount of heat absorbed from

1 1 the reservoir at lower temperature is : (2020 Jan)
(c) (d)  
2 2
(a) 99 J (b) 100 J (c) 90 J (d) 1 J
22
40. Consider a mixture of n moles of helium gas and 2 n 44. Two gases-argon (atomic radius 0.07 nm, atomic
moles of oxygen gas (molecules taken to be rigid) as weight 40) and xenon (atomic radius 0.1 nm, atomic
an ideal gas. Its CP/CV value will be : (2020 Jan) weight 140) have the same number density and are at
(a) 67/45 (b) 19/13 (c) 23/15 (d) 40/27 the same temperature. The ratio of their respective
mean free times is closest to : (2020 Jan)
41. Three containers C1, C2 and C3 have water at different
temperatures. The table below shows the final (a) 3.67 (b) 4.67 (c) 1.83 (d) 2.3
temperature T when different amounts of water (given 45. Starting at temperature 300 K, one mole of an ideal
in litres) are taken from each containers and mixed diatomic gas ( = 1.4) is first compressed adiabatically
(assume no loss of heat during the process)
V1
from volume V1 to V2  . It is then allowed to
C1 C2 C3 T 16
1/ 2 /  60C expand isobarically to volume 2V2. If all the processes
 1/ 2 / 30C are the quasi-static then the final temperature of the gas
2/  1/ 60C (in °K) is (to the nearest integer) _____. (2020 Jan)
1/ 1/ 1/  46. Two identical breakers A and B contain equal volumes
The value of  (in °C to the nearest integer) is ............ of two different liquids at 60°C each and left to cool
2 3
(2020 Jan) down. Liquid in A has density of 8 × 10 kg/m and
–1 –1
42. Consider two ideal diatomic gases A and B at some specific heat of 2000 J kg K while liquid in B has
3 –3
temperature T. Molecules of the gas A are rigid, and density of 10 kg m and specific heat of 4000 J
–1 –1
have a mass m. Molecules of the gas B have an kg K . Which of the following best describes their
m temperature versus time graph schematically? (assume
additional vibrational mode, and have a mass . The the emissivity of both the beakers to be the same)
4
ratio of the specific heats C A B

V and CV of gas A and B,  (2019 Apr)
respectively is : (2020 Jan)
60°C
(a) 7 : 9 (b) 5 : 7 (c) 3 : 5 (d) 5 : 9 T
43. Which of the following is an equivalent cyclic process
corresponding to the thermodynamic cyclic given in
B
the figure? Where, 1  2 is adiabatic. (Graphs are (a) A
schematic and are not to scale) (2020 Jan)
t
1
60°C
P
T
3 2
V
A
2 (b)
3 2 B
V V t
(a) 1 (b)
3 1 60°C
T T T
2 2
A and B
V V (c)
(c) (d) 1
3 1 3
T
t
T
23
60°C f
T P A
A B
i
(d)
V
B
t (a) Q A  Q B ; U A  U B
47. A thermally insulated vessel contains 150g of water at (b) Q A  Q B ; U A  U B

0°C. Then the air from the vessel is pumped out
adiabatically. A fraction of water turns into ice and the (c) Q A  Q B ; U A  U B
rest evaporates at 0°C itself. The mass of evaporated
(d) Q A  Q B ; U A  U B
water will be closest to :
51. For a given gas at 1 atm pressure, rms speed of the
(Latent heat of vaporization of water  2.10  106 J kg 1 molecule is 200 m/s at 127°C. At 2 atm pressure and at
5 –1
and Latent heat of Fusion of water = 3.36 × 10 J kg ) 227°C, the rms speed of the molecules will be :
(2019 Apr) (2019 Apr)
(a) 130 g (b) 35 g (c) 20 g (d) 150 g (a) 80 m/s (b) 100 5 m/s
48. The given diagram shows four processes i.e., (c) 80 5 m/s (d) 100 m/s
isochoric, isobaric, isothermal and adiabatic. The
52. A massless spring (k = 800 N/m), attached with a mass
correct assignment of the processes, in the same order
(500 g) is completely immersed in 1 kg of water. The
is given by :- (2019 Apr)
spring is stretched by 2 cm and released so that it
a starts vibrating. What would be the order of magnitude
P of the change in the temperature of water when the
vibrations stop completely? (Assume that the water
b container and spring receive negligible heat and specific
c heat of mass = 400 J/kg K, specific heat of water =
d 4184 J/kg K) (2019 Apr)
–3 –4 –1 –5
V (a) 10 K (b) 10 K (c) 10 K (d) 10 K
(a) d a c b (b) a d c b 53. The specific heats, CP and CV of a gas of diatomic
–1 –1
(c) a d b c (d) d a b c molecules, A, are given (in units of J mole K ) by
29 and 22, respectively. Another gas of diatomic
49. An HCl molecule has rotational, translational and
molecules, B, has the corresponding values 30 and 21.
vibrational motions. If the rms velocity of HCl
If they are treated as ideal gases, then :- (2019 Apr)
molecules in its gaseous phase is v , m is its mass and
kB is Boltzmann constant, then its temperature will be : (a) A has one vibrational mode and B has two
(2019 Apr) (b) Both A and B have a vibrational mode each
(c) A is rigid but B has a vibrational mode
mv 2 mv 2 mv 2 mv 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) (d) A has a vibrational mode but B has none
6k B 5k B 3k B 7k B
54. Two materials having coefficients of thermal
50. Following figure shows two processes A and B for a conductivity ‘3K’ and ‘K’ and thickness ‘d’ and ‘3d’
gas. If Q A and Q B are the amount of heat respectively, are joined to form a slab as shown in the
absorbed by the system in two cases, and U A and figure. The temperatures of the outer surfaces are ‘2’
U B are changes in internal energies, respectively,, and ‘1’ respectively, (2 > 1). The temperature at the
then : (2019 Apr) interface is :- (2019 Apr)
24
d 3d 60. When M1 gram of ice at –10°C (specific heat = 0.5 cal
–1 –1
 3K K  g °C ) is added to M2 gram of water at 50°C, finally
no ice is left and the water is at 0°C. The value of
2  1 1 92 –1
latent heat of ice, in cal g is: (2019 Apr)
(a) (b) 
2 10 10
5M1 50M 2
1 22 1 52 (a) M  50 (b) M1
(c)  (d)  2
3 3 6 6
50M 2 5M 2
55. A cylinder with fixed capacity of 67.2 lit contains (c) 5 (d) 5
M1 M1
helium gas at STP. The amount of heat needed to raise
61. Two moles of helium gas is maxed with three moles of
the temperature of the gas by 20°C is : [Given that R =
–1 –1 hydrogen molecules (taken to be rigid). What is the
8.31 J mol K ] (2019 Apr)
molar specific heat of mixture at constant volume?
(a) 748 J (b) 374 J (R = 8.3 J/mol K) (2019 Apr)
(c) 350 J (d) 700 J (a) 21.6 J/mol K (b) 19.7 J/mol K
–3 3
56. A 25 × 10 m volume cylinder is filled with 1 mol of (c) 17.4 J/mol K (d) 15.7 J/mol K
O2 gas at room temperature (300K). The molecular 62. At 40°C, a brass wire of 1 mm radius is hung from the
diameter of O2, and its root mean square speed, are ceiling. A small mass, M is hung from the free end of
found to be 0.3 nm, and 200 m/s, respectively. What is the wire. When the wire is cooled down from 40°C to
the average collision rate (per second) for an O2 20°C it regains its original length of 0.2 m. The value
molecule? (2019 Apr) of M is close to :
11 13 10 12
(a) 10 (b) 10 (c) 10 (d) 10 (Coefficient of linear expansion and Young’s modulus
–5 11 2
57. n moles of an ideal gas with constant volume heat of brass are 10 /°C and 10 N/m , respectively;
–2
capacity CV undergo an isobaric expansion by certain g = 10 ms ) (2019 Apr)
volume. The ratio of the work done in the process, to (a) 1.5 kg (b) 9 kg (c) 0.9 kg (d) 0.5 kg
the heat supplied is : (2019 Apr) 63. A sample of an ideal gas is taken through the cyclic
4nR nR process abca as shown in the figure. The change in the
(a) (b)
C V  nR C V  nR internal energy of the gas along the path ca is –180J.
nR 4nR The gas absorbs 250 J of heat along the path ab and 60
(c) C  nR (d) C  nR J along the path bc. The work done by the gas along
V V
the path abc is : (2019 Apr)
58. When heat Q is supplied to a diatomic gas of rigid
c
molecules, at constant volume its temperature
increases by T . The heat required to produce the P
same change in temperature, at a constant pressure is : b
a
(2019 Apr)
V
7 3 5 2
(a) Q (b) Q (c) Q (d) Q (a) 100 J (b) 120 J (c) 140 J (d) 130 J
5 2 3 3
64. One kg of water, at 20°C, is heated in an electric kettle
59. One mole of an ideal gas passes through a process
whose heating element has a mean (temperature
where pressure and volume obey the relation
averaged) resistance of 20 . The rms voltage in the
 2
P  P0 1  1  V0   . Here P and V are constants. mains is 200 V. Ignoring heat loss from the kettle, time
0 0
 2 V   taken for water to evaporate fully, is close to :
Calculate the change in the temperature of the gas if its
[Specific heat of water = 4200 J/kg °C), Latent heat of
volume changes from V0 to 2V0. (2019 Apr)
water = 2260 kJ/kg] (2019 Apr)
1 P0 V0 3 P0 V0 5 P0 V0 1 P0 V0 (a) 3 minutes (b) 22 minutes
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 R 4 R 4 R 4 R (c) 10 minutes (d) 16 minutes
25
65. The number density of molecules of a gas depends on F F

(a) (b) A 
their distance r from the origin as, n(r) = n 0er .
4
2AT T  273
Then the total number of molecules is proportional to : F 2F
(c) (d)
(2019 Apr) AT AT
71. Temperature difference of 120°C is maintained
(a) n 01/ 4 (b) n 0 3 (c) n 0 3/ 4 (d) n 0 1/ 2
between two ends of a uniform rod AB of length 2L.
66. A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 1/6. When the Another bent rod PQ, of same cross-section as AB and
temperature of the sink is reduced by 62°C, its 3L
efficiency is doubled. The temperatures of the source length , is connected across AB (See figure). In
2
and the sink are, respectively (2019 Apr) steady state, temperature difference between P and Q
(a) 124°C, 62°C (b) 37°C, 99°C will be close to : (2019 Jan)
(c) 62°C, 124°C (d) 99°C, 37°C

L
67. A diatomic gas with rigid molecules does 10 J of work 4
when expanded at constant pressure. What would be A B
P L Q
the heat energy absorbed by the gas, in this process? L
(2019 Apr) 2
(a) 35 J (b) 40 J (c) 25 J (d) 30 J (a) 60°C (b) 75°C (c) 35°C (d) 45°C
68. A gas can be taken from A to B via two different 72. A 15 g mass of nitrogen gas is enclosed in a vessel at a
processes ACB and ADB. (2019 Jan) temperature 27°C. Amount of heat transferred to the
gas, so that rms velocity of molecules is doubled, is
P
about : [Take R = 8.3 J/K mole] (2019 Jan)
C B (a) 10 kJ (b) 0.9 kJ (c) 6 kJ (d) 14 kJ
73. Two Carnot engines A and B are operated in series .
A D The first one, A, receives heat at T1 (= 600 K) and
V rejects to a reservoir at temperature T2. The second
When path ACB is used 60 J of heat flows into the engine B receives heat rejected by the first engine and,
system and 30 J of work is done by the system. If in turn, rejects to a heat reservoir at T3(= 400 K).
path ADB is used work done by the system is 10 J. Calculate the temperature T2 if the work outputs of the
The heat flow into the system in path ADB is : two engines are equal : (2019 Jan)
(a) 80 J (b) 20 J (c) 100 J (d) 40 J (a) 400 K (b) 600 K (c) 500 K (d) 300 K
69. A mixture of 2 moles of helium gas (atomic mass = 4 3
74. A heat source at T = 10 K is connected to another
u), and 1 mole of argon gas (atomic mass = 40 u) is 2
heat reservoir at T = 10 K by a copper slab which is 1
kept at 300 K in a container. The ratio of their rms m thick. Given that the thermal conductivity of copper
 Vrms  helium   –1 –1
is 0.1 WK m , the energy flux through it in the
speeds  V  arg on   , is close to (2019 Jan)
 rms  steady state is : (2019 Jan)
–2 –2
(a) 2.24 (b) 0.45 (c) 0.32 (d) 3.16 (a) 90 Wm (b) 200 Wm
–2 –2
70. A rod, of length L at room temperature and uniform (c) 65 Wm (d) 120 Wm
area of cross section A, is made of a metal having 75. Three Carnot engines operate in series between a heat
coefficient of linear expansion  / C. It is observed source at a temperature T1 and a heat sink at
that an external compressive force F, is applied on each temperature T4 (see figure). There are two other
of its ends, prevents any change in the length of the reservoirs at temperature T2, and T3, as shown, with
rod, when its temperature rises by T K. Young’ss T2 > T2 > T3 > T4. The three engines are equally
modulus, Y, for this metal is: (2019 Jan) efficient if : (2019 Jan)
26
T1 80. The gas mixture constists of 3 moles of oxygen and 5
1 moles of argon at temperature T. Considering only
T2 translational and rotational modes, the total internal
2 energy of the system is : (2019 Jan)
T3 (a) 12 RT (b) 20 RT (c) 15 RT (d) 4 RT
3
81. Ice at –20° C so added tp 50 g of water at 40°C. When
T4
the temperature of the mixture reaches 0°C, it is found
  ;T3   T,T42 
1/ 3 1/ 3 that 20 g of ice is still unmelted. The amount of ice
(a) T2  T12T4
added to the water was close to
(Specific heat of water = 4.2 J/g/°C)
  ;T3   T12T4 
1/ 3 1/ 3
(b) T2  T1T42
Specific heat of Ice = 2.1 J/g/°C
  ;T3   
1/ 4 1/ 4 Heat of fusion of water at 0°C = 334 J/g) (2019 Jan)
(c) T2  T13T4 T1T43
(a) 50 g (b) 40 g (c) 60 g (d) 100 g
 
1/ 3
(d) T2   T1T4 1/ 2 ;T3  T12T4 82. Two rods A and B of identical dimensions are at
temperature 30°C. If A is heated upto 180°C and B
76. An unknown metal of mass 192 g heated to a upto T°C, then the new lengths are the same. If the
temperature of 100°C was immersed into a brass ratio of the coefficients of linear expansion of A and B
calorimeter of mass 128 g containing 240 g of water a is 4 : 3, then the value of T is :- (2019 Jan)
temperature of 8.4°C calculate the specific heat of the
(a) 270°C (b) 230°C (c) 250°C (d) 200°C
unknown metal if water temperature stabilizes at
–1
21.5°C (Specific heat of brass is 394 J kg K )
–1 83. When 100 g of a liquid A at 100°C is added to 50 g of
(2019 Jan) a liquid B at temperature 75°C, the temperature of the
–1 –1 –1 –1 mixture becomes 90°C. The temperature of the
(a) 1232 J kg K (b) 458 J kg K
mixture, if 100 g of liquid A at 100°C is added to 50 g
–1 –1 –1 –1
(c) 654 J kg K (d) 916 J kg K of liquid B at 50°C, will be :- (2019 Jan)
77. Half mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is heated at (a) 80°C (b) 60°C (c) 70°C (d) 85°C
constant pressure of 1 atm from 20°C to 90°C. Work
84. A thermometer graduated according to a linear scale
done by gas is close to : (Gas constant R = 8.31 J/
reads a value x0 when in contact with boiling water,
mol.K) (2019 Jan)
and x 0 / 3 when in contact with ice. What is the
(a) 73 J (b) 291 J
temperature of an object in 0°C, if this thermometer in
(c) 581 J (d) 146 J
the contact with the object reads x 0 / 2 ? (2019 Jan)
78. Two kg of a monoatomic gas is at a pressure of
4 2 3
4 × 10 N/m . The density of the gas is 8 kg/m . What (a) 35 (b) 25 (c) 60 (d) 40
is the order of energy of the gas due to its thermal 85. In a process, temperature and volume of one mole of
motion? (2019 Jan) an ideal monoatomic gas are varied according to the
(a) 10 J
3
(b) 10 J
5 relation VT = K, where K is a constant. In this process
6 4 the temperature of the gas is increased by T. The
(c) 10 J (d) 10 J
amount of heat absorbed by gas is (R is gas constant)
79. A rigid diatomic ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic
: (2019 Jan)
process at room temperature. The relation between
x 1 3
temperature and volume of this process is TV = (a) RT (b) RT
2 2
constant, then x is: (2019 Jan)
5 2 2 3 1 2K
(a) (b) (c) (d) (c) KRT (d) T
3 5 3 5 2 3
27
86. A metal ball of mass 0.1 kg is heated upto 500°C and (R is universal gas constant and g is the acceleration
–1
dropped into a vessel of heat capacity 800 JK and due to gravity) (2019 Jan)
containing 0.5 kg water. The initial temperature of
nRT  1 1  nRT  1   2 

g   2 1  g  1 2 
water and vessel is 30°C. What is the approximate (a) (b)
percentage increment in the temperature of the water?
[Specific Heat Capacities of water and metal are, RT  21   2  RT  1  3 2 
g  1 2  ng  1 2 
(c) (d)
–1 –1 –1 –1
respectively, 4200 Jkg K and 400 JKg K ]
(2019 Jan) 91. An ideal gas is enclosed in a cylinder at pressure of 2
atm and temperature, 300 K. The mean time between
(a) 30% (b) 20% (c) 25% (d) 15% –8
two successive collisions is 6 × 10 s. If the pressure
87. A cylinder of radius R is surrounded by a cylindrical
is doubled and temperature is increased to 500 K, the
shell of inner radius R and outer radius 2R. The
mean time between two successive collisions will be
thermal conductivity of the material of the inner
close to : (2019 Jan)
cylinder is K1 and that of the outer cylinder is K2.
Assuming no loss of heat, the effective thermal (a) 4  108 s (b) 3  106 s
conductivity of the system for heat flowing along the
(c) 2  10 7 s (d) 0.5  108 s
length of the cylinder is : (2019 Jan)
92. One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is taken along the
K1  K 2
(a) K1  K 2 (b) path ABCA as shown in the PV diagram. The maximum
2
temperature attained by the gas along the path BC is
2K1  3K 2 K1  3K 2
(c) (d) given by (2018)
5 4
3
88. An ideal gas occupies a volume of 2m at a pressure of P
6 B
3 × 10 Pa. The energy of the gas is : (2019 Jan) 3P0
(a) 3  102 (b) 108 J
P0
A C
(c) 6  10 4 J (d) 9  106 J
V0 2V0 V
89. For the given cyclic process CAB as shown for a gas,
the work done is : (2019 Jan) 25 P0 V0 25 P0 V0
(a) (b)
16 R 8 R
6.0 25 P0 V0 5 P0 V0
C (c) (d)
5 4 R 8 R
4 93. Two moles of helium are mixed with n moles of
p(Pa)
3 CP 3
2 hydrogen. If C  2 for the mixture, then the value of
V
1 n is : (2018)
V(m3 )
1 2 3 4 5 (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 3/2
(a) 1 J (b) 5 J (c) 10 J (d) 30 J 94. Two Carnot engines A and B are operated in series.
90. A vertical closed cylinder is separated into two parts by Engine A receives heat from a reservoir at 600 K and
a frictionless piston of mass m and of negligible rejects heat to a reservoir at temperature T. Engine B
thickness. The piston is free to move along the length receives heat rejected by engine A and in turn rejects it
of the cylinder. The length of the cylinder above the to a reservoir at 100 K. If the efficiencies of two engines
A and B are represented by A and B, respectively,
piston is 1, and that below the piston is 2, such that

1 > 2. Each part of the cylinder contains n moles of then what is the value of  ? (2018)

an ideal gas at equal temperature T. If the piston is
stationary, its mass m, will be given by : 12 7 12 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 12 5 12
28
95. The value closest to the thermal velocity of a Helium 101. An ideal gas has molecules with 5 degrees of freedom.
atom at room temperature (300 K) in ms–1 is The ratio of specific heats at constant pressure (Cp)
[kB = 1.4 × 10–23 J/K; mHe = 7 × 10–27 kg] (2018) and at constant volume (CV) is : (2017)
(a) 1.3 × 104 (b) 1.3 × 103 7 5 7
(a) 6 (b) (c) (d)
(c) 1.3 × 105 (d) 1.3 × 102 2 2 5
96. A body takes 10 minutes to cool from 60°C to 50°C. 102. For the P-V diagram given for an ideal gas,
The temperature of surroundings is constant at 25°C.
Then, the temperature of the body after next 10 minutes 1
will be approximately (2018) P Constant
P
V
(a) 47°C (b) 41°C
(c) 45°C (d) 43°C 2
97. A Carnot’s engine works as a refrigerator between 250 K

V
and 300 K. It receives 500 cal heat from the reservoir out of the following which one correctly represents the
at the lower temeprature. The amount of work done in T-P diagram ? (2017)
each cycle to operate the refrigerator is (2018) 2 2
(a) 420 J (b) 772 J T
T
(c) 2100 J (d) 2520 J (a) (b)
1 1
98. One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is compressed
isothermally in a rigid vessel to double its pressure at
P P
room temperature, 27°C. The work done on the gas
will be (2018)
(a) 300 R (b) 300 R ln 6 T T
2 1 1 2
(c) 300 R ln 2 (d) 300 R ln 7 (c) (d)
99. In an experiment a sphere of aluminium of mass P P

0.20 kg is heated upto 150°C. Immediately, it is put
103. N moles of a diatomic gas in a cylinder are at a
into water of volume 150 cc at 27°C kept in a calorimeter
temperature T. heat is supplied to the cylinder such that
of water equivalent to 0.025 kg. Final temperature of
the temperature remains constant but a moles of the
the system is 40°C. The specific heat of aluminium is :
diatomic gas get converted into monoatomic gas. What
(take 4.2 Joule = 1 calorie) (2017) is the change in the total kinetic energy of the gas ?
(a) 378 J/kg–°C (b) 315 J/kg–°C (2017)
(c) 476 J/kg–°C (d) 434 J/kg–°C
1 3 5
100. An engine operates by taking n moles of an ideal gas (a) nRT (b) 0 (c) nRT (d) nRT
2 2 2
through the cycle ABCDA shown in figure. The thermal
efficiency of the engine is 104. 200 g water is heated from 40°C to 60°C. Ignoring the
(Take Cv = 1.5 R, where R is gas constant) (2017) slight expansion of water, the change in its internal
energy is close to (Given specific heat of water = 4184
B C J/kg/K) (2016)
2P0
(a) 8.4 kJ (b) 4.2 kJ
P
(c) 16.7 kJ (d) 167.4 kJ
P0 D 105. The ratio of work done by an ideal monoatomic gas to
A
the heat supplied to it in an isobaric process is (2016)
V0 2V0 3 2 3 2
V (a) (b) (c) (d)
5 3 2 5
(a) 0.24 (b) 0.15 (c) 0.32 (d) 0.08
29
106. A simple pendulum made of a bob of mass m and a

P P
metallic wire of negligible mass has time period 2 s at T
= 0°C. If the temperature of the wire is increased and d c a b
the corresponding change in its time period is plotted (a) (b)
against its temperature, the resulting graph is line of a b d c
slope S. If the coefficients of lienar expansion of metal
V V
is  then the value of S is (2016)
P P
 1 d c
(a)  (b) (c) 2 (d) a b
2 
107. A carnot freezer takes heat from water at 0°C inside it (c) (d) a b
d c
and rejects it to the room at a temperature of 27°C.
V
The latent heat of ice is 336 × 103 J kg–1. If 5 kg of V
water at 0°C is converted into ice at 0°C by the freezer,
then the energy consumed by the freezer is close to 110. In an ideal gas at temperature T, the average force that
(2016) a molecule applies on the walls of a closed container
depends on T as Tq. A good estimate for q is (2015)
(a) 1.67 × 105 J (b) 1.68 × 106 J
(c) 1.51 × 105 J (d) 1.71 × 107 J 1 1
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d) 1
108. Which of the following shows the correct relationship 2 4
between the pressure ‘P’ and density  of an ideal gas
111. An experiment takes 10 minutes to raise the temperature
at constant temperature ? (2016)
of water in a container from 0°C to 100°C and another
55 minutes to convert it totally into steam by a heater
P P
supplying heat at a uniform rate. Neglecting the specific
heat of the container and taking specific heat of water
(a) (b) to be 1 cal/g °C, the heat of vaporization according to
O O this experiment will come out to be (2015)
P P
(a) 540 cal/g (b) 530 cal/g
P P (c) 560 cal/g (d) 550 cal/g

112. A beaker contains a fluid of density  kg/m3, specific
heat S J/kg°C and viscosity . The beaker is filled up
(c) (d)
to the height h. To estimate the rate of heat transfer per
O P O P unit area (Q/A) by convection when beaker is put on a
hot plate. a student propose that it should depend on
109. An ideal gas goes through a reversible cycle a  b 
c  d has the V-T diagram shown below. Process FG S IJ and FG 1 IJ
d  a and b  c are adiabatic.
,
H h K H g K when  (in °C) is the difference
V in the temperature between the bottom and top of the

c b fluid. In that situation the correct option for (Q/A) is
(2015)
d a FG S IJ FG 1 IJ S
T (a) 
H h K H g K (b) 
h
The corresponding P - V diagram for the process is

FG S IJ FG 1 IJ S
(all figures are schematic and not drawn to scale)
(2015)
(c) H h K H g K (d)
h
30
113. Using equilibration of energy, the specific heat 118. On a linear temperature scale Y, water freezes at
(in J kg–1 K–1) of aluminium at room temperature can –160° Y. On this Y scale, a temperature of 340 K would
be estimated to be (atomic weight of aluminum = 27) be read as : (water freezes at 273 K and boils at 373 K)
(2015) (2013)
(a) 410 (b) 925 (c) 25 (d) 1850 (a) –73.7° Y (b) –233.7°Y
114. The specific heat capacity of a metal at low temperature (c) –86.3° Y (d) –106.3°Y
(T) is given as 119. Given that 1 g of water in liquid phase has volume
3 1 cm3 and in vapour phase 1671 cm3 at atmospheric
 T 
C p (kJK 1kg 1 )  32   pressure and the latent heat of vaporization of water is
 400 
2256 J/g; the change in the internal energy in joules for
A 100 gram vessel of this metal is to be cooled from 1 g of water at 373 K when it changes from liquid
20°K to 4°K by a special refrigerator operating at room phase to vapour phase at the same temperature is :(2013)
temperature (27°C). The amount of work required to
(a) 2256 (b) 167 (c) 2089 (d) 1
cool the vessel is (2011)
120. The ratio of the coefficient of volume expansion of a
(a) greater than 0.148 kJ
glass container to that of a viscous liquid kept inside
(b) between 0.148 kJ and 0.028 kJ the container is 1 : 4. What fraction of the inner volume
(c) less than 0.028 kJ of the container should be liquid occupy so that the
volume of the remaining vacant space will be same at
(d) equal to 0.002 kJ
all temperatures ? (2013)
115. A container with insulating walls is divided into equal
(a) 2 : 5 (b) 1 : 4 (c) 1 : 64 (d) 1 : 8
parts by a partition fitted with a valve. One part is filled
with an ideal gas at a pressure P and temperature T, 121. 500 g of water and 100 g of ice at 0°C are in calorimeter
where as the other part is completely evacuated. If the whose water equivalent is 40 g. 10 g of steam at 100°C is
valve is suddenly opened, the pressure and temperature added to it. Then water in the calorimeter is : (Latent heat
of the gas will be (2011) of ice = 80 cal/g, Latent heat of steam = 540 cal/g)
(2013)
P T T P
(a) , (b) P, T (c) P, (d) ,T (a) 580 g (b) 590 g (c) 600 g (d) 610 g
2 2 2 2
122. A mass of 50 g of water in a closed vessel, with
116. The heat radiated per unit area in 1 hour by a furnace surroundings at a constant temperature takes 2 minutes
whose temperature is 3000 K is to cool from 30°C to 25°C. A mass of 100 g of another
( = 5.7 × 10–8 W m–2 K–4) (2012) liquid in an identical vessel with identical surroundings
(a) 1.7 × 1010 J (b) 1.1 × 1012 J takes the same time to cool from 30° C to 25° C. The
specific heat of the liquid is
(c) 2.8 × 108 J (d) 4.6 × 106 J
(The water equivalent of th vessel is 30g.) (2013)
117. A large cylindrical rod of length L is made by joining
(a) 2.0 kcal/kg (b) 7 kcal/kg
F LI
two identical rods of copper and steel of length GH JK (c) 3 kcal/kg (d) 0.5 kcal/kg
2
123. Water of volume 2 L in a closed container is heated
each. The rods are completely insulated from the with a coil of 1 kW. While water is heated, the container
surroundings. If the free end of copper rod is maintained loses energy at a rate of 160 J/s. In how much time
at 100°C and that of steel at 0°C then the temperature
will the temperature of water rise from 27°C to 77°C ?
of junction is (Thermal conductivity of copper is 9 times
(Specific heat of water is 4.2 kJ/kg and that of the
that of steel) (2012)
container is negligible) (2014)
(a) 90°C (b) 50°C
(a) 8 min 20 s (b) 6 min 2 s
(c) 10°C (d) 67°C
(c) 7 min (d) 14 min
31
124. A hot body, obeying Newton’s law of cooling is cooling Cp

down from its peak value 80°C to an ambient temperature 128. A given ideal gas with    1.5 at a temperature T..
Cv
of 30°C. It takes 5 minutes in cooling down from 80°C If the gas is compressed adiabatically to one-fourth of
to 40°C. How much time will it take to its initial volume, the final temperature will be (2012)
cool down from 62°C to 32°C ?
(a) 2 2T (b) 4T (c) 2T (d) 8T
(Given In 2 = 0.693, In 5 = 1.609) (2014)
129. n moles of an ideal gas undergo a process A  B as
(a) 3.75 minutes (b) 8.6 minutes shown in the figure. Maximum temperature of the gas
(c) 9.6 minutes (d) 6.5 minutes during the process is (2012)
125. Hot water cools from 60°C to 50°C in the first
10 minutes and to 42°C in the next 10 minutes. The
A
temperature of the surroundings is (2014) 2P0
(a) 25°C (b) 10°C (c) 15°C (d) 20°C

P0 B
126. A black coloured solid sphere of radius R and mass M
is inside a cavity with vacuum inside. The walls of the
cavity are maintained at temperature T0. The initial P V0 2V0
V
temperature of the sphere is 3T0. If the specific heat of
the material of the sphere varies as T3 per unit mass 9P0 V0 3P0 V0 9P0 V0 9P0 V0
(a) (b) (c) (d)
with the temperature T of the sphere, where  is a nR 2nR 2nR 4nR
constant, then the time taken for the sphere to cool
130. This question has Statement 1 and Statement 2. Of the
down to temperature 2T0 will be ( is stefan Boltzmann
four choices given after the Statements, choose the one
constant) (2014)
that best describes the two Statements.
M 3 M  16  Statement 1: An inventor claims to have constructed
(a) In   (b) In  
2
4 R   2  2
4R   3  an engine that has an efficiency of 30%
when operated between the boiling and
M  16  M 3 freezing points of water. This is not
(c) In  
2 (d) In  
2 possible.
16R   3  16R   2 
Statement 2 : The efficiency of a real engine is always
127. This question has Statement 1 and Statement 2. Of the
less than the efficiency of Carnot engine
four choices given after the Statements, choose the one
operating between the same two
temperatures. (2012)
Statement 1 : In an adiabatic process, change in internal (a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement
energy of a gas is equal to work done 2 is not the correct explanation of Statement 1.
on/by the gas in the process.
(b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false
Statement 2 :The temperature of a gas remains constant
(c) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true
in an adiabatic process. (2012)
(d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement
(a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is the correct explanation of Statement 1.
2 is a correct explanation of Statement 1.
131. The pressure of an ideal gas varies with volume as
(b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false P = V, where  is a constant. One mole of the gas is
(c) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true allowed to undergo expansion such that its volume
becomes ‘m’ times its initial volume. The work done
(d) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true, Statement
by the gas in the process is (2012)
2 is not a correct explanation of Statement 1
32
136. This question has Statement-1 and Statement-2 Of the

V 2V 2
(a) (m 2  1) (b) (m 2  1) four choices given afte the Statements, choose the one
2 2
 2 V 2 Statement 1 : The internal energy of a perfect gas is
(c) (m  1) (d) (m 2  1)
2 2 entirely kinetic and depends only on
absolute temperature of the gas and not
132. The door of a working refrigerator is left open in a well
on its pressure of volume.
insulated room. The temperature of air in the room will
Statement 2 : A perfect gas is heated keeping pressure
(2012)
constant and later at constant volume. For
(a) decrease the same amount of heat the temperature
(b) increase in winters and decrease in summers of the as at constant pressure is lower
(c) remain the same than that at constant volume. (2012)
(d) increase (a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true,

Statement-2 is the correct explanation of
133. An ideal monatomic gas with pressure P, volume V and
Statement-1
temperature T is expanded isothermally to a volume 2V
and a final pressure Pi. If the same gas is expanded (b) Statement-1 is true, Statement 2 is false
adiabatically to a volume 2V, the final pressure is Pa. (c) Statement-1 is true, Statement 2 is true but
Statement-2 is not the correct explanation of
Pa
The ratio P is (2012) Statement-1
i
(d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
(a) 2–1/3 (b) 21/3 (c) 22/3 (d) 2–2/3
137. In the isothermal expansion of 10g of gas from volume
134. An ideal gas at atmospheric pressure is adiabatically V to 2V the work done by th as is 575 J. What is the
compressed so that its density becomes 32 time of its root mean square speed of the molecules of the gas at
initial value. If the final pressure of gas is 128 that temperature ? (2013)
atmospheres, the value of ‘’ of the gas is (2013)
(a) 398 m/s (b) 520 m/s
(a) 1.5 (b) 1.4 (c) 1.3 (d) 1.6
(c) 499 m/s (d) 532 m/s
135. A certain amount of gas is taken through a cyclic
138. The equation of state for a gas is given by
process (A B C D) that has two isobars, one isochore
PV= nRT + V, where n is the number of moles and
and one isothermal. The cycle can be represented on a
 is a positive constant. The initial temperature and
P-V indicator diagram as (2013)
pressure of one mole of the gas contained in a cylinder
are To Po respectively. The work done by the gas when
its temperature doubles isobarically will be (2014)
P B C P B C
Po To R Po To R
(a) (b) (a) P   (b) P  
o o
A D A D
(c) Po To R In 2 (d) Po To R
V V
139. During an adiabatic compression, 830 J of work is done
on 2 moles of a diatomic ideal gas to reduce its volume
P B
P B C C by 50%. The change in its temperature is nearly
(R = 8.3 JK–1 mol–1) (2014)
(c) (d)
A D A D (a) 40 K (b) 33 K
V V (c) 20 K (d) 14 K
33
140. An ideal monoatomic gas is confined in a cylinder by a Ignoring vibrational degrees of freedom, the linea,
spring loaded piston of cross section 8.0 × 10–3 m2. b and c respectively correspond to : (2013)
Initially the gas is at 300 K and occupies a volume of
2.4 × 10–3 m3 and the spring is in its relaxed state as a
shown in figure. The gas is heated by a small heater
b
until the piston moves out slowly by 0.1 m. The force Q
constant of the spring is 8000 N/m and the atmospheric c
pressure is 1.0 × 105 N/m2. The cylinder and the piston
are thermally insulated. The piston and the spring are
massless and there is no friction between the piston T
and the cylinder. The final temperature of the gas will
be : (Neglect the heat loss through the lead wires of the (a) P, M and D (b) M, D and P
heater. The heat capacity of the heater coil is also
(c) P, D and M (d) D, M and P
negligible). (2014)
145. Chamber I Chamber II
ideal real
gas gas
1 2 3 4
(a) 300 K (b) 800 K There are two identical chambers, completely thermally
(c) 500 K (d) 1000 K insulated from surroundings. Both chambers have a
141. A carnot engine absorbs 1000 J of heat energy from a partition wall dividing the chambers in two
reservoir at 127°C and rejects 600 J of heat energy compartments, Compartment 1 is filled with an ideal
during each cycle. The efficiency of engine and gas and compartment 3 is filled with a real gas.
temperature of sink will be (2014) Compartments 2 and 4 are vacuum. A small hole (orifice)
is made in the partition walls and the gases are allowed
(a) 20% and –43°C (b) 40% and –33°C
to expand in vacuum.
(c) 50% and –20°C (d) 70% and –10°C
Statement 1 : No change in the temperature of the as
142. A gas is compressed from a volume of 2m3 to a volume takes place when ideal gas expands in
of 1m3 at a constant pressure of 100 N/m2. Then it is vacuum. However, the temperature of
heated at constant volume by supplying 150 J of energy. real gas expands in vacuum. However,
As a result, the internal energy of the gas : (2014) the temperature of real gas goes down
(a) increases by 250 J (b) decreases by 250 J (cooling) when it expands in vacuum.
(c) increases by 50 J (d) decreases by 50 J Statement 2 :The initial energy of an ideal gas is only
143. A perfect gas at 27°C is heated at constant pressure so kinetic. The internal energy of a real gas
as to double its volume. The final temperature of the is kinetic as well as potential. (2013)
gas will be, close to (2012) (a) Statement-1 is false and Statement-2 is true.
(a) 327°C (b) 200°C (b) Statement-1 and Statement-2 both are true,
(c) 54°C (d) 300°C Statement-2 is the correct explanation of
Statement-1.
144. Figure shows the variation in temperature (T) with
the amount of heat supplied (Q) in an isobaric process (c) Statement-1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
corresponding to a monoatomic (M), diatomic (D) and (d) Statement-1 and Statement-2 both are true.
a polyatomic (P) gas. The initial state of all the gases Statement-2 is not correct explanation of
are the same and the scales for the two axes coincide. Statement-1
34
146. Modern vacuum pumps can evacuate a vessel down to 2K 4K

a pressure of 4.0 × 10–15 atm. at room temperature (a) (b) 2K (c) 3K (d)
3 3
(300 K). Taking R = 8.0 JK–1 mole–1, 1 atm = 105 Pa
3. The temperature of an isolated black body falls from
and NAvogadro = 6 × 1023 mole–1, the mean distance
T1 to T2 in time t. Then, t = Cx where x is (2019)
between molecules of gas in an evacuated vessel will
be of the order of (2014)  1 1 
 1 1
(a) 0.2 m (b) 0.2 mm (a)  T  T  (b)  T 2  T 2 
 2 1  2 1 
(c) 0.2 cm (d) 0.2 mm
147. At room temperature a diatomic gas is found to have an  1 1   1 1 
(c)  T 3  T3  (d)  T 4  T 4 
r.m.s. speed of 1930 ms–1. The gas is (2014)  2 1   2 1 
(a) H2 (b) Cl2 4. The average translational kinetic energy of oxygen (M

(c) O2 (d) F 2 = 32) molecules at a certain temperature is 0.048 eV.
The translational kinetic energy of nitrogen (M = 28)
148. A gas molecule of mass M at the surface of the Earth
molecules at the same temperature is (consider the two
has kinetic energy equivalent to 0°C. If it were to go up
gases to be ideal) (2019)
straight without colliding with any other molecules, how
high it would rise ? Assume that the height attained is (a) 0.0015 eV (b) 0.042 eV
much less than radius of the earth. (kB is Boltzmann (c) 0.048 eV (d) 0.768 eV
constant) (2014)
273 k a 5. If the average mass of a smoke particle in an Indian
(a) 0 (b) 2Mg –17
kitchen is 3 × 10 kg, the rms speed of the smoke
546 k B 819 k B particles at 27°C is approximately (2019)
(c) 3Mg (d) 2 Mg
(a) 2 cm/sec (b) 2 m/sec
(c) 2 km/sec (d) none of these
Olympiad (NSEP)
6. Under standard conditions of temperature and pressure
1. Plots of intensity (l) of radiation emitted by a black a piece of ice melts completely on heating it. Obviously
body versus wavelength () at three different the increase in internal energy of the system (ice and
temperature T1, T2 and T3 respectively are shown in water) is (2018)
figure. Choose the correct statement : (2019) (a) equal to the heat given
T1
(b) more than the heat given
I T2
T3 (c) less than the heat given
(d) zero
7. The molar specific heat of an ideal gas in a certain
 
(a) T1 > T2 > T3 necessarily thermodynamic process is where a is a constant. If
T
(b) T3 > T2 > T1 necessarily Cp
(c) T2 = (T1 + T3)/2 necessarily the adiabatic exponent is   , the work done in
Cv
(d) T22  T2  T3 necessarily heating the gas from T0 to nT0 is. (2018)
1  n  1
(b)  n n     1 RT0
2. Consider a composite slab consisting of two different nn
(a)
materials having equal thickness and equal area of 
cross-section. The thermal conductivities are K and 2K  n  1
respectively. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the (c)  n n     1 RT0 (d) RT
   1 0
composite slab is : (2019)
35
8. Which of the following curves represents spectral (a) 98°C (b) 103°C
distribution of energy of black body radiation? (2018) (c) 115°C (d) 108°C
13. A small pond of depth 0.5 m deep is exposed to a cold
E E winter with outside temperature of 263 K. Thermal
conductivity of ice is K = 2.2 W m–1 K–1, latent heat
(a) (b)
1L = 3.4 × 105 J kg–1 and density   0.9  103 kgm 3 .
  Take the temperature of the pond to be 273 K. The time
taken for the whole pond to freeze is about (2017)
E E (a) 20 days (b) 25 days

(c) 30 days (d) 35 days
(c) (d)
14. Two moles of hydrogen are mixed with n moles of
  helium. The root mean square speed of gas molecules in
9. A sphere and a cube having equal surface area are the mixture is 2 times the speed of sound in the
made of the same material. The two are heated to the mixture. Then n is (2017)
same temperature and kept in identical surrounding. (a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1.5 (d) 2.5
The ratio of their initial rates of cooling is (2018)
15. Two identical rods made of two different metals A and B
   with thermal conductivities KA and KB respectively are
(a) 1 : 1 (b) :1 (c) :1 (d) :1
2 3 6 joined end to end. The free end of A is kept at a
temperature T1 while the free end of B is kept at a
10. The sun having radius R and surface temperature T,
temperature T2 (< T1). Therefore, in the steady state
emits radiation as a perfect emitter. The distance of the
earth from the sun is r and the radius of the earth is (2017)
Re. The total radiant power incident on the earth is (a) the temperature of the junction will be determined
(2018) only by KA and KB
R e2 R 2T 4 R e2 R 2T 4 (b) If the lengths of the rods are doubled the rate of heat
(a) (b)
4r 2
r 2 flow will be halved. 3
4R e2 R 2T 4 R e2 R 2T 4 (c) If the temperature at the two fee ends are interchanged
(c) (d)
r2 r2 the junction temperature will change
11. A cylinder containing water (refractive index 4/3) is (d) the composite rod has an equivalent thermal
convered by an equiconvex glass (refractive index 3/2) 2K AK B
lens of focal length 25 cm. At the mid-day when the conductivity of
K A  KB
sun is just overhead, the image of the sun will be seen
at a distance of (2018) 16. If a system is made to undergo a change from an initial
state to a final state by adiabatic process only, then
(a) 100 cm (b) 50 cm (c) 37.5 cm (d) 25 cm
(2017)
12. A steel cooking pan has copper coating at its bottom.
The thickness of copper coating is half the thickness (a) the work done is different for different paths
of steel bottom. The conductivity of copper is three connecting the two states
times the of steel. If the temperature of blue flame is (b) there is no work done since there is no transfer of
119°C and that of the interior of the cooking pan is heat
91°C then the temperature at the interface between the
(c) the internal energy of the system will change
steel bottom and the copper coating in the steady state
is (2018) (d) the work done is the same for all adiabatic paths
36
17. Two identical rooms in a house are connected by an open 21. The graph of specific heat of water (on Y axis) against
doorway. The temperature in the two rooms are maintained temperature (on X axis) between 0oC and 100oC
at two different values. Therefore, (2016) (2015)
(a) the room with higher temperature contains more (a) is a straight line parallel to the temperature axis.
amount of air
(b) is a straight line passing through a point
(b) the room with lower temperature contains more (15oC, 1 cal/g-oC) and having a small positive slope
amount of air
(c) has a minimum between 14.5oC and 15.5oC
(c) Both the rooms contain the same amount of air
(d) has a minimum at about 30oC.
(d) The room with higher pressure contains more amount
22. Two thin rods of length l1 and l2 at a certain temperature
of air
are joined to each other end to end. The composite rod is
18. A heavy metal block is dragged along a rough horizontal then heated through a temperature . The coefficients of
surface at a constant speed of 20 km/hr. The coefficient linear expansion of the two rods are  1 and  2
of friction between the block and the surface is 0.6. The respectively. Then, the effective coefficient of linear
block is made of a material whose specific heat is 0.1 cal/ expansion of the composite rod is (2015)
g- o C and absorbs 25% of heat generated due to
friction. If the block is dragged for 10 min, the rise in 1   2
(a) (b) 1 2
temperature of the block is about (g = 10 m/s2) (2016) 2
(a) 12oC (b) 50oC l1 2  l21 l11  l2 2

(c) (d)
(c) 210oC (d) Data insufficient l1  l2 l1  l2
19. A gas is made to undergo a change of state from an initial 23. The earth is getting energy from the sun whose surface
state to a final state along different paths by adiabtaic temperature is Ts and radius is R. Let the radius of the
process only. Therefore (2016) earth be r and the distance form the sun be d. Assume the
(a) the work done is different for different paths earth and the sun both to behave as perfect black bodies
and the earth is in thermal equilibrium at a constant
(b) the work done is the same for all paths
temperature Te. Therefore, the temperature Ts of the sun
(c) there is no work as there is no transfer of energy is xTe where x is (2015)
(d) the total internal energy of the system will not change
2d 2R 4d d
20. Graphs (drawn with the same scale) show in the (a) (b) (c) (d)
R r r R
variation of pressure with volume for a certain gas
undergoing four different cyclic processes A, B, C and D 24. Two identical thin metal strips, one of aluminium and the
are given below. The cyclic process in which the gas other of iron are riveted together to form a bimetallic strip.
performs the greatest amount of work is (2016) The temperature is raised by 50oC. If the central planes
P of the two strips are separated by 2 nm and the coefficients
P of thermal expansion of aluminium and iron are
respectively 30 ×10 –6 / o C and 10 ×10 –6 / o C, the
(A) (B) average radius of curvature of the bimetallic strip is about
V V (2014)
P P (a) 50 cm (b) 100 cm
(c) 150 cm (d) 200 cm
(C) (D) 25. Temperature of 100 g of water in a thermoflask remains
V V fixed for a pretty long time at 50oC. An equal mass of
sand at 20oC is poured in the flask and shaken for some
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
37
time so that the temperature of the mixture is 40oC. Now P A

the experiment is repeated with 100 g of a liquid at 50oC
and an equal amount of sand at 20oC when the temperature
C B
of the mixture is found to be 30oC. The specific heat of
V
the liquid in (Jg–1K–1) (2014)
(a) Find the pressure and temperature at state B and C
(a) 1.05 (b) 2.01 (c) 1.55 (d) 1.95
(b) Calculate the work done in adiabatic, isobaric,
26. Let vavg ,vp and vrms be respectively the average, the isobaric processes.
most probable and the root mean square speeds of gas
(c) Calculate the total work done in cyclic process and
molecules according to Maxwell distribution. Then
amount of energy supplied to the system
(2014) (d) Calculate the efficiency of cyclic process
(a) vavg  v p  vrms (b) v p  vrms  vavg 31. A gas expands from i to f along the three paths
indicated. The work done along the three paths denoted
(c) v p  vrms  vavg (d) v p  vavg  vrms
by W1, W2 and W3 have the relationship (2012)
P i
 7
27. A certain quantity of oxygen     is compressed 4 2 3
 5
3 1
isothermally untill is pressure is doubled (P2). The gas is 2 f
then allowed to expand adiabatically until is original volume 1
is restored. Then the final pressure (P3) in terms of initial V
1 2 3 4 5 6
pressure (P1) is: (2013) (a) W1  W2  W3 (b) W2  W1  W3
(a) P3  0.55 P1 (b) P3  0.76 P1 (c) W2  W1  W3 (d) W1  W2  W3
(c) P3  0.68 P1 (d) P3  2.55 P1 32. A 5 litre vessel contains 2 mole of oxygen gas at a pressure
28. A LASER source of heat of power 1.2 W is placed very of 8 atm. The average translational kinetic energy of an
close to one end of a rod of cross section area 3 cm2 and oxygen molecule under this conditions is (2012)
thermal conductivity 400 W/mk. The length of the rod (a) 8.4  10 14 J (b) 4.98  10 21 J
(L) required to maintain a temperature difference of 10oC (c) 7.4  1016 J (d) 4.2  10 21 J
across its ends is (assume that all power emitted by the
33. Six identical conducting rods are joined as shown. The
source falls on the rod) (2013)
ends A and D are maintained at 200 o C and 20 o C
(a) 1.5 m (b) 2.2 m (c) 1.8 m (d) 1 m respectively. No heat is lost to surroundings. The
29. Hot coffee in a mug cools from 90oC to 70oC in 4.8 temperature of the junction C will be (2012)
minutes. The room tempeature is 20 o C. Applying
Newton’s law of cooling the time needed to cool if further
by 10oC should be nearly (2013) A B C D
200oC o
20 C
(a) 4.2 min (b) 3.8 min
(c) 3.2 min (d) 2.4 min
(a) 60oC (b) 80oC (c) 100oC (d) 120oC
30. A cyclic process in indicated in the following PV-diagram.
34. Two thermally insulated compartments 1 and 2 are filled
In the initial state (A) temperature, pressure and volume
with a perfect gas and are connected by a short tube
of the system are 300 K, 1 atm and 1000 cc. In the first
having a valve which is closed. The pressures, volumes
process (AB), the adiabatic expansion increases the
and absolute temperatures of the two compartments are
volume to 2000 cc. This is followed by an isobaric
respectively (p1, V1, T1) and (p2, V2, T2). After opening
compression to reduce the volume of gas to 1000 c. The
the value, the temperature and the pressure of both the
gas is brought to initial state by isobaric process. The
compartments respectively are (2012)
system is 1 mole of a monoatomic gas. (2013)
38
T1T2  p1V1  p2V2  p1V1  p2V2 40. The internal energy U of a gas, in general, consists of
(a) p V T  p V T , V  V (a) only translational kinetic energy of all its molecule
 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2
(b) only translational and vibrational kinetic energy of its
p V  p2V2 molecules
(b) T1T2 , 1 1
V1  V2 (c) only translational, vibrational and rotational kinetic
T1T2  p1V1  p2V2  p1V1T1  p2V2T2 energy of all its molecule
(c) ,
 p1V1T1  p2V2T2  V1T1  V2T2 (d) translational, vibrational and rotational kinetic energy
plus potential energy corresponding to molecular
T1  T2 p1V1  p2V2
(d) , forces, of all its molecules
2 V1  V2
41. Internal energy of a gas remain unchanged in
35. At 0oC a body emits
(I) an isothermal process (II) an adiabatic process
(a) no radiation
(III) a reversible process (IV) a cyclic process
(b) only visible light
Which of the these are true?
(c) only microwave radiation (a) I and II (b) I, III and IV
(d) all wavelengths (c) II and III (d) III and IV
36. According to Wien’s law, the wavelength corresponding 42. The concept of temperature to measure hotness or
to the maximum energy in thermal black body radiation is coldness of a body is consequence of
proportional to
(a) Joule’s law
(a) T 4 (b) T (c) 1/T (d) 1/T4
(b) first law of thermodynamics
37. When an ideal diatomic gas is heated at constant pressure,
(c) Newton’s law of cooling
the fraction of the heat energy supplied which increases
(d) Zeroth law of thermodynamics
the internal energy of the gas is
 a 
43. van der Waal’s equation  p  2  V  b   RT . Here the
(a) 2/5 (b) 3/5 (c) 3/7 (d) 5/7
 V 
38. An ideal monoatomic gas is taken round the cycle. ABCDA
as shown in figure. The work done during the cycle is constant b represents
(a) actual volume occupied by the gas molecules
2p, V 2p, 2V
B C (b) twice the actual volume occupied by the gas molecules
p A D (c) four times the actual volume occupied by the gas

p, V p, 2V molecules
V
(d) eight time the actual volume occupied by the gas
(a) pV/2 (b) pV (c) 2pV (d) zero
molecules
39. (I) It is convenient to define two specific heats Cp and
44. In the phase diagram shown, the point Q corresponds to
CV in case of a gas. However it is not generally
the triple point of water. The regions I, II and III
necessary to define two specific heats in case of a
respectively correspond to phases
solid or liquid.
P
(II) For a given temperature rise, the expansion of a solid I
or liquid is negligible as compared to that of a gas. II Q III
4.58 mm
(a) Only I is true of Hg
(b) Only II is true

T
273.16 K
(c) I and II are both true and II is the cause of I
(a) liquid, solid, vapour (b) solid, liquid, vapour
(d) I and II are both true; but they are not related to each
(c) liquid, vapour, solid (d) solid, vapour, liquid
other
39
45. Certain perfect gas is found to obey pV3/2 = constant

 m1T1  m2T2 
during adiabatic process. If such a gas at initial temperature (a)
 m1  m2 
T is adiabatically compressed to half the initial volume, its
final temperature will be  M1T1  M 2T2 
(b)
(a) (b) 2 2T (c) 2T (d) 4T  M1  M 2 
2T
46. In an adiabatic expansion of air the volume increase by  m1T1 / M1    m2T2 / M 2 
5%. Then the percentage change in pressure is (c)
 m1 / M1    m2 / M 2 
(a) +7% (b) 3% (c) –5% (d) –7%
47. The net rate at which heat is lost by a body due to
 M1T1 / m1   M 2T2 / m2 
radiation does not depend upon
(d)
 M1 / m1  M 2 / m2 
(a) temperature of the body 51. The ratio Cp/CV for a gas mixture consisting of 8 g of
(b) temperature of the surrounding helium and 16 g of oxygen is
(c) material of the body (a) 23/15 (b) 15/23 (c) 27/11 (d) 17/27
(d) None of the above 52. An ideal gas is taken round a cyclic process represented
by the triangle ABC drawn in order on a p-V diagram.
48. Pressure (p)- volume (V) plots for two gases during
The coordinates of A, B, C are (4, 1), (2, 4), (2, 1)
adiabatic process are shown. Plots 1 and 2 correspond to
respectively. The work done in the complete cycle is
p (a) 9 units (b) 6 units (c) 3 units (d) 0 units
53. Rays from the sun are focused by a lens of diameter 5 cm
on to a block of ice an 10 g of ice is melted in 20 min
1
2
(latent heat L = 80 cal/g). Therefore the heat from the sun
reaching the earth per min per square centimeter is
V
(a) 2.04 cal (b) 0.51 cal
(a) He and O2 (b) O2 and He (c) 4.08 cal (d) 3.02 cal
(c) He and Ar (d) O2 and N2 x
54. A gas obeys the equation pV = constant. If R is the gas
49. Three metal rods of the same material and identical in all constant and  is the ratio of specific heats, its molar
respects are joined as shown in the figure. The specific heat is given by
temperatures at the ends are maintained as indicated.
(a) R /    1  R / 1  x 
Assuming no loss of heat from the curved surfaces of the
rods, the temperature at the junction X would be (b) R /    1  R / 1  x 
90oC (c) R /   1
o
X (d) R / 1 x 
0C
55. Consider a pair of insulating blocks with thermal
90oC
resistance R 1 and R 2 as shown in the figure. The
(a) 45oC (b) 60oC (c) 30oC (d) 20oC temperature  at the boundary between the two blocks is
50. Two perfect gases having masses m 1 and m 2 at 1 1
temperature T1 and T2 respectively are mixed without
any loss of internal energy. If the molecular weights of
R2 R1
the gases are M1 and M2 respectively, then the final
temperature of the mixture is
40
(a) 12 
R1 R2 / 1   2  R1  R2 
(a) 400 R (b) 200 R
(c) –200 R (d) indeterminate
(b) 1R1   2 R2  /  R1  R2  62. Four moles of carbon monoxide are mixed with four moles
of carbon dioxide. Assuming the gases to be ideal, the

(c) 1   2  R1R2  / R1  R2
2 2
 ratio of specific heats is
(d) 1R2   2 R1  /  R1  R2  (a)

15
(b)
41
(c)
4
(d)
7
11 30 3 4
56. On a temperature scale Y, water freezes at –160oY and
63. The temperature of n moles of an ideal gas is increased
boils at –50oY. On this Y scale, a temperature of 340 K
from T to 4T through a process for which pressure
would be read as
p = aT–1 where a is a constant. Then, the work done by
(a) –106.3oY (b) –96.3oY the gas is
(c) –86.3oY (d) –76.3oY (a) nRT (b) 4nRT (c) 2nRT (d) 6nRT
57. Three identical metal rods A, B and C are placed end to 64. For a monoatomic ideal gas undergoing an adiabatic
end and a temperature difference is maintained between change, the relation between temperature and volume is
the ends of A and C. If the thermal conductivity of B(KB) TVx = constant where x is
is twice that of C(KC) and half that of A(KA), then the
7 2 2 1
effective thermal conductivity of the system is (a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 3 3
(a) KA / 7 (b) 6 KB / 7 (c) 7 KB / 3 (d) 7KC
65. A system is taken from a given initial state to a given final
58. A gas expands when heated whereas it gets heated when state along various paths represented on a p-V diagram.The
compressed. From these two statements we see that quantity that is independent of the path is
(a) the behaviour of the gas is anomalous (a) amount of heat transferred Q
(b) the expansion and the compression can be adiabatic (b) amount of work done W
and isothermal respectively (c) Q but not W
(c) the expansion and the compression can be isobaric (d) (Q – W)
and adiabatic respectively
66. An ideal gas confined to an insulated chamber is allowed
(d) both the expansion and the compression can be to enter into an evacuated insulated chamber. If Q, W and
either isothermal or adiabatic Eint have the usual meanings, then
59. Heat is supplied to a diatomic gas at constant pressure. (a) Q  0,W  0 (b) W  0, Q  0
With the usual notation the ratio Q : U : W is (c) Eint  0, Q  0 (d) Q  W  Eint
(a) 5 : 2 : 2 (b) 5 : 2 : 3 67. Read the two statements
(c) 7 : 5 : 2 (d) 7 : 2 : 5 (I) When a solid melts and changes to liquid state, its
60. Starting with the same initial conditions, an ideal gas volume may increase or decrease.
expands from volume V1 to V2 in three different ways. (II) As a result of increase in pressure, the melting point
The work done by the gas is W1 in isothermal process, of a solid may be raised or lowered.
W2 in adiabatic process and W3 in isobaric process. Then With reference to these statements, the only correct
(a) W1  W2  W3 (b) W3  W1  W2 statements out of the following is
(c) W2  W3  W1 (d) W3  W2  W1 (a) I is true but II cannot be true
61. One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas expands till its (b) I cannot be true but II is true
temperature doubles under the process V2T = constant. (c) I and II both are true and I is cause of II
If the initial temperature is 400 K, the work done by the (d) I and II both are true and they are independent of
gas is each other
41
68. Consider an infinitely extending gas cloud in space at  v1  v2   v1  v2 

(a) (b)
temperature T = 0 K with two spherical vacuum cavities 2 2
(see figure). Consider only gravitational force between 2
gas molecules. Then (c) v2 (d)  v1v2 
71. When a system is taken from state a to state b along the
path a – c – b (see figure), 60 J of heat flows into the
system and 30 J of work are done by the system. along
Vacuum Vacuum the path a – d – b, if the work done by the system in 10 J,
cavity cavity
heat flow into the system is
c b
P
(a) the cavities would come closer to each other
a d
(b) the cavities would move away from each each other
(c) the cavities would be static V
(a) 100 J (b) 20 J (c) 80 J (d) 40 J
(d) the motion of cavities would depend on the size of
cavities 72. A thin copper rod rotates about an axis passing through
its end and perpendicular to its length with an angular
69. Two metallic rods AB and BC of different materials are
speed 0 . The temperature of the copper rod is increased
joined together at the junction B (see figure). It is observed
by 100oC. If the coefficient of linear expansion of copper
that if the ends A and C are kept at 100oC and 0oC
is 2  105 oC 1 , the percentage change in the angular
respectively, the temperature of the junction B is 60oC.
speed of the rod is
There is no loss of heat to the surroundings. The rod BC
is replaced by another rod BC’ of the same material and (a) –2% (b) –4% (c) –0.2% (d) –0.4%
length (BC = BC’). If the area of cross-section of BC’ is 73. The internal energy of one gram of helium at 100 K and
twice that of BC and the ends A and C’ are maintained at one atmospheric pressure is
100 oC and 0 oC respectively, the temperature of the (a) 100 J (b) 1200 J (c) 300 K (d) 500 J
junction B will be nearly
74. Volume of a monoatomic gas varies with its temperature
o o
100 C 50 C o
as shown. The ratio of work done by the gas to the
0C
(A) heat absorbed by it. When it undergoes a process from
C A to B is
A B
V
o
100 C o
0C B
(2A) A
C'
A B
(a) 29oC (b) 33oC (c) 60oC (d) 43oC O T
70. Three closed vessels A, B and C are at the same 2 2 2 1

(a) (b) (c) (d)
temperature (T) and contains gases which obey the 3 5 7 3
Maxwellian distribution of velocities. The vessel A 75. If T denotes the temperature of the gas, the volume thermal
contains only O2, B only N2 and C a mixture of equal coefficient of expansion of an ideal gas at constant
quantities of O2 and N2. If the average speed of the N2 pressure is
molecules in vessel B is v2 and that of oxygen molecules 1 1
in A is v1, the average speed of N2 molecules in C is (a) T (b) (c) T 2 (d)
T T2
42
76. Consider the curve representing the Maxwell-Boltzmann

speed distribution of gas molecules at some temperature. Initial
state Final
Let vrms , vav and vmp be the rms, the average and the P state
most probable speeds respectively. Then
(a) the curve has a maximum at vmp
V
(b) the area under the curve gives the total number of
(a) adiabatic (b) isochoric
molecules of the gaseous system
(c) isobaric (d) isothermal
(c) vrms  vav  vmp
6. A cylinder contains hydrogen gas at pressure of 249
(d) vav  vmp  vrms kPa and temperature 27°C.
Its density is : (R = 8.3 J mol–1 K–1) (2020 Sep)
NEET (AIPMT) (a) 0.02 kg/m3 (b) 0.5 kg/m3
1. The efficiency of a Carnot engine depends upon (c) 0.2 kg/m3 (d) 0.1 kg/m3
(2020 Oct.) 7. Two cylinders A and B of equal capacity are connected
(a) the temperature of the sink only to each other via a stop cock. A contains an ideal gas at
(b) the temperatures of the source and sink standard temperature and pressure. B is completely
evacuated. The entire system is thermally insulated. The
(c) the volume of the cylinder of the engine
stop cock is suddenly opened. The process is :
(d) the temperature of the source only
(2020 Sep)
2. The mean free path  for a gas molecule depends upon
(a) isobaric (b) isothermal
diameter, d of the molecule as : (2020 Oct.)
(c) adiabatic (d) isochoric
1
(a)   (b)   d 8. The average thermal energy for a mono-atomic gas is :
d2
(kB is Boltzmann constant and T, absolute temperature)
1 (2020 Sep)
(c)   d 2 (d)  
d
7 1
3. Three stars A, B, C have surface temperatures TA, TB, (a) k BT (b) k BT
2 2
TC respectively. Star A appears bluish, star B appears
reddish and star C yellowish. Hence, (2020 Oct.) 3 5
(c) k BT (d) k BT
(a) TA  TB  TC (b) TB  TC  TA 2 2
9. The mean free path for a gas, with molecular diameter d
(c) TC  TB  TA (d) TA  TC  TB
and number density n can be expressed as : (2020 Sep)
RT
4. An ideal gas equation can be written as P  where 1 1
M0
(a) 2 2 2 (b)
 and M0 are respectively,, (2020 Oct.) 2n  d 2nd
(a) mass density, mass of the gas 1 1

(c) 2 (d)
(b) number density, molar mass 2nd 2n 2 d 2
(c) mass density, molar mass 10. The quantities of heat required to raise the temperature
(d) number density, mass of the gas of two solid copper spheres of radii r 1 and r 2
(r1 = 1.5 r2) through 1 K are in the ratio : (2020 Sep)
5. The P-V diagram for an ideal gas in a piston cylinder
assembly undergoing a thermodynamic process is shown 5 27 9 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
in the figure. The process is (2020 Oct.) 3 8 4 2
43
11. The unit of thermal conductivity is: (2019)

 Cp 
(a) J m K
–1
(b) J m
–1
K
–1 17. The value of     , for hydrogen, helium and
 Cv 
–1 –1 –1
(c) W m K (d) W m K another ideal diatomic gas X (whose molecules are not
12. In which of the following processes, heat is neither rigid but have and additional vibrational mode), are
absorbed nor released by a system? (2019) respectively equal to :- (2019 Odisha)
(a) isothermal (b) adiabatic 7 5 9 5 7 9 5 7 7 7 5 7

(a) , , (b) , , (c) , , (d) , ,
5 3 7 3 5 7 3 5 5 5 3 5
(c) isobaric (d) isochoric
3
18. 1g of water, of volume 1 cm at 100°C, is converted
13. A copper rod of 88 cm and an aluminium rod of
into steam at same temperature under normal
unknown length have their increase in length
independent of increase in temperature. The length of atmospheric pressure   1105 Pa  . The volume of
3
aluminium rod is : steam formed equals 1671 cm . If the specific latent
heat of vaporisation of water is 2256 J/g, the change in
(  Cu  1.7  105 K 1 and  Al  2.2  105 K 1 ) (2019) internal energy is, (2019 Odisha)
(a) 6.8 cm (b) 113.9 cm (a) 2423 J (b) 2089 J (c) 167 J (d) 2256 J
(c) 88 cm (d) 68 cm 19. The volume (V) of a monatomic gas varies with its
temperature (T), as shown in the graph. The ratio of work
14. Increase in temperature of a gas filled in a container
done by the gas; to the heat absorbed by it, when it
would lead to : (2019)
undergoes a change from state A to state B, is (2018)
(a) increase in its mass
V
(b) increase in its kinetic energy
(c) decrease in its pressure B
(d) decrease in intermolecular distance
A
15. An object kept in a large room having air temperature
of 25°C takes 12 minutes to cool from 80° to 70°C. O T
The time taken to cool for the same object from 70°C
to 60°C would be nearly : (2019 Odisha) 1 2 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 5 7
(a) 10 min (b) 12 min
20. The efficiency of an ideal heat engine working between
(c) 20 min (d) 15 min
the freezing point and boiling point of water, is (2018)
16. A deep rectangular pond of surface are A, containing
(a) 6.25% (b) 20%
water (density = , specific heat capacity = s), is
located in a region where the outside air temperature is (c) 26.8% (d) 12.5%
at a steady value of –26°C. The thickness of the frozen 21. The power radiated by a black body is P and it radiates
ice layer in this pond, at a certain instant is x. maximum energy at wavelength, 0 . If the temperature
Taking the thermal conductivity of ice as K, and its of the black body is now changed so that it radiates
specific latent heat of fusion as L, the rate of increase 3
of the thickness of ice layer, at this instant would be maximum energy at wavelength 0 , the power radiated
4
given by :- (2019 Odisha) by it becomes nP. The value of n is (2018)
2
(a) 26K/r(L–4s) (b) 26K/x –L)
256 4 3 81
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(c) 26K/xL) (d) 26K/r(L+4s) 81 3 4 256
44
22. A sample of 0.1 g of water at 100oC and normal pressure 27. Coefficient of linear expansion of brass and steel rods are
(1.013 × 105 Nm–2) requires 54 cal of heat energy to  1 and  2 . Lengths of brass and steel rods ars l1 and l2
convert to steam at 100oC. If the volume of the steam respectively. If  l2  l1  is maintained same at all
produced is 167.1 cc, the change in internal energy of the
temperatures, which one of the following relations holds
sample, is (2018)
good ? (2016)
(a) 42.2 J (b) 208.7 J (c) 104.3 J (d) 84.5 J
(a) 12l2   22l1 (b) 1l1   2l2
23. Two rods A and B of different materials are welded
together as shown in figure. Their thermal conductivities (c) 1l2   2l1 (d) 1l22   2l12
are K1 and K2. The thermal conductivity of the composite
28. A piece of ice falls from a height h so that it melts
rod will be (2017)
completely. Only one-quarter of the heat produced is
absorbed by the ice and all energy of ice gets converted
A K1 into heat during its fall. The value of h is [Latent heat of
T1 T2 ice is 3.4  105 J / kg and g = 10 N/kg] (2016)
B K2 (a) 136 km (b) 68 km (c) 34 km (d) 544 km

29. A black body is at a temperature of 5760 K. The energy
d of radiation emitted by the body at wavelength 250 nm is
U1, at wavelength 500 nm is U2 and that at 1000 nm is
3  K1  K 2 
(a) (b) K1  K 2 U3. Wien’s constant, b  2.88  106 nm K. Which of the
2
following is correct ? (2016)
K1  K 2
(c) 2  K1  K 2  (d) (a) U1  U 2 (b) U 2  U1 (c) U1  0 (d) U 3  0
2
30. The value of coefficient of volume expansion of glycerin
24. A spherical black body with a radius of 12 cm radaites
450 watt power at 500 K. If the radius were halved and is 5  10 4 K 1 . The fractional change in the density of
the temperature doubled, the power radiated in watt would glycerin for a rise of 40oC in its temperature, is (2015)
be (2017) (a) 0.025 (b) 0.010 (c) 0.015 (d) 0.020
(a) 450 (2) 1000 (c) 1800 (d) 225 31. The two ends of a metal rod are maintained at temperatures
25. Two identical bodies are made of a material for which the 100oC and 110oC. The rate of heate flow in the rod is
heat capacity increases with temperature. One of these is found to be 4.0 J/s. If the ends are maintained at
at 100oC, while the other one is at 0oC. If the two bodies temperature 200oC and 210oC, the rate of heat flow
are brought into contact, then, assuming no heat loss, the will be (2015)
final common temperature is (2016) (a) 8.0 J/s (b) 4.0 J/s (c) 44.0 J/s (d) 16.8 J/s
(a) 50oC 32. On observing light from three different stars P, Q and R,
(b) more than 50oC it was found that intensity of violet colour is maximum in
the spectrum of P, the intensity of green colour is
(c) less than 50oC but greater than 0oC
maximum in the spectrum of R and the intensity of red
(d) 0oC colour is maximum in the spectrum of Q. If TP, TQ and
26. A body cools from a temperature 3T to 2T in 10 minutes. TR are the respectively absolute temperature of P, Q and
The room temperature is T. Assum that Newton’s law of R, then it can be concluded from the above observations
cooling is applicable.The temperature of the body at the that (2015)
end of next 10 minutes will be (2016)
(a) TP  TR  TQ (b) TP  TQ  TR
7 3 4
(a) T (b) T (c) T (d) T (c) TP  TQ  TR (d) TP  TR  TQ
4 2 3
45
33. Steam at 100oC is passed into 20 g of water at 10oC. Q  Q 

1/ 2
When water acquires a temperature of 80oC, the mass of (a) (b)  

4 R 2  4 R 2 
water present will be 1/ 4
 4 R 2Q  1/ 4
[Take specific heat of water = 1 cal g–1 oC–1 and latent  Q 
(c)   (d)  
heat of steam = 540 cal g–1] (2014)     4 R 2 
(a) 24 g (b) 31.5 g (c) 42.5 g (d) 22.5 g 40. Liquid oxygen at 50 K is heated to 300 K at constant
pressure of 1 atm. The rate of heating is constant. Which
34. Certain quantity of water cools from 70oC to 60oC in the
one of the following graphs represents the variation of
first 5 minutes and to 54oC in the next 5 mintues. The
temperature with time ? (2012)
temperature of the surroundings is (2014)
(a) 45oC (b) 20oC (c) 42oC (d) 10oC
Temperature
Temperature
35. A piece of iron is heated in a flame. It first becomes dull
red then becomes reddish yellow and finally turns to white (a) (b)
hot. The correct explanation for the above observation is
possible by using (2013) Time Time
(a) Kirchhoff’s law
Temperature
Temperature
(b) Newton’s Law of cooling
(c) Stefan’s law (c) (d)
(d) Wien’s displacement Law
Time Time
36. The molar specific heats of an ideal gas at constant
pressure and volume are denoted by C P and C V , 41. A slab of stone of area 0.36 m2 and thickness 0.1 m is
Cp exposed on the lower surface to steam at 100oC. A block
respectively. If   and R is the universal gas of ice at 0oC rsts on the upper surface of the slab. In one
Cv
hour 4.8 kg of ice is melted. The thermal conductivity of
constant, then Cv is equal to (2013)
slab is
  1 1  R
(Given latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.36  105 Jkg 1 )
(b) R
(a)
R
(c)
1 
(d)
  1
(2012)
37. Two metals rods 1 and 2 of same lengths have same
temperature difference between their ends. Their thermal (a) 1.24 J / m / s / o c (b) 1.29 J / m / s / o c
conductivities are K1 and K2 and cross sectional areas A1 (c) 2.05 J / m / s / o c (d) 1.02 J / m / s / o c
and A2, respectively. If the rate of heat conduction in 1 is 42. A cylindrical metallic rod in thermal contact with two
foure times that in 2, then (2013) reservoirs of heat at its two ends conducts an amount of
(a) K1 A1  4 K 2 A2 (b) K1 A1  2 K 2 A2 heat Q in time t. The metallic rod is melted and material is
(c) 4 K1 A1  K 2 A2 (d) K1 A1  K 2 A2 formed into a rod of half the radius of original rod. What
is the amount of heat conducted by the new rod, when
38. The density of water at 20oC is 998 kg/m3 and at 40oC is
placed in thermal contact with the two reseroirs in
992 kg/m3. The coefficient of volume expansion of
time t ? (2010)
water is (2013)
Q Q Q
(a) 3  104 / oC (b) 2  104 / oC (a) (b) (c) 2Q (d)
4 16 2
(c) 6  104 / oC (d) 10 4 / oC
43. The total radiant energy per unit area, normal to the
39. If the radius of a star is R and it acts as a black body, direction of incidence , received at a distance R from the
what would be the temperature of the star, in which the centre of a star of radius r, whose outer surface radiates
rate of energy production is Q ? (2012) as a black body at a temperature T K is given by (2010)
46
49. Which of the following rods, (given radius r and length l)

 r 2T 4  r 2T 4
(a) (b) each made of the same material and whose ends are
R2 4 R 2
maintained at the same temperature will conduct most
 r 2T 4 4 r 2T 4 heat ? (2005)
(c) (d)
R4 R2 (a) r  r0 , l  l0 (b) r  2r0 , l  l0
(where  is Stefan’s constant) (c) r  r0 , l  2l0 (d) r  2r0 , l  2l0
44. Assuming the sun to have a spherical outer surface of 50. If m denotes the wavelength at which the radiative
radius r, radiating like a black body at temperatuer toC, emission from a black body at a temperature T K is
the power received by unit surface, (normal to the incident maximum, then (2004)
rays) at a distance R from the centre of the sun is
(a) m  T 4 (b) m is independent of T
(2010)
(c) m  T (d) m  T 1
r 2  t  273
4
16 2 r 2 t 4 51. Consider a compound slab consisting of two different
(a) (b)
4 R 2 R2 materials having equal thicknesses and thermal
conductivities K and 2K, respectively. The equivalent
r 2  t  273
4
4 r 2 t 4 thermal conductivity of the slab is (2003)
(c) (d)
R2 R2
2
(a) K (b) 2K
where  is the Stefan’s constant. 3
45. A black body at 227 oC radiates heat at the rate of 4
(c) 3K (d) K
7 cals/cm2s. At a temperature of 727oC, the rate of heat 3
radiated in the same units will be (2009) 52. Consider two rods of same length and different specific
(a) 50 (b) 112 (c) 80 (d) 60 heats (S1, S2), conductivities (K1, K2) and area of cross-
46. The two ends of a rodsd of length L and a uniform sections (A1, A2) and both having temperatures T1 and
cross-sectional area A are kept at two temperatures T1 T2 at their ends. If rate of loss of heat due to conduction
dQ is equal, then (2002)
and T2 (T1 > T2). The rate of heat transfer, , through
dt K1 A1 K 2 A2
(a) K1 A1  K 2 A2 (b) 
the rod in a steady state is given by (2009) S1 S2
dQ k T1  T2  dQ
(a)  (b)  kLA T1  T2  K 2 A1 K1 A2

dt LA dt (c) K 2 A1  K1 A2 (d)
S2 S1
dQ kA T1  T2  dQ kL T1  T2  53. For a black body at temperature 727oC, its radiating power
(c)  (d) 
dt L dt A is 60 watt and temperature of surrounding is 227oC. If
47. A black body is at 727oC. It emits energy at a rate which temperature of black body is changed to 1227oC then its
is proportional to (2007) radiating power will be (2002)
(a) 304 W (b) 320 W
(a) 1000 4 (b) 1000 2 (c)  727 4 (d)  727 2 (c) 240 W (d) 120 W
48. A black body at 1227oC emits radiations with maximum 54. Which of the following is best close to an ideal black
intensity at a wavelength of 5000 Å. If the temperature of body? (2002)
the body is increased by 1000 o C, the maximum
(a) black lamp
intensity will be observed at (2006)
(b) cavity maintained at constant temperature
o o
(1) 3000 A (b) 4000 A (c) platinum black
o o
(c) 5000 A (d) 6000 A (d) A lump of charcoal heated to high temperature
47
55. The Wien’s displacement law express relation between 63. If the temperature of the sun is doubled, the rate of energy
(2002) recieved on earth will be increased by a factor of (1993)
(a) wavelength corresponding to maximum energy and (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 16
temperature 64. 10 gm of ice cubes at 0oC are released in a tumbler (water
(b) radiation energy and wavelength equivalent 55 g) at 40oC. Assuming the negligible heat is
(c) temperature and wavelength taken from the surroundings, the temperature of water in
(d) colour of light and temperature the tumbler becomes nearely (L = 80 cal/g) (1988)
56. A cylindrical rod having temperature T1 and T2 at its end. (a) 31oC (b) 22oC (c) 19oC (d) 15oC
The rate of flow heat Q 1 cal/sec. If all the linear 65. Thermodynamic processes are indicated in the following
dimension are doubled keeping temperature constant, then diagram (2017)
rate of flow of heat Q2 will be (2001) P
iv
Q1 Q1 i f
(a) 4Q1 (b) 2Q1 (c) (d)
4 2
I iii
57. A black body has maximum wavelenght m at 2000 K. ii
f 700 K
Its corresponding wavelength at 3000 K will be (2000) 500 K
f
3 2 16 81 f 300 K
(a) m (b) m (c) m (4) m V
2 3 81 16
Match the following
58. If 1 g of steam is mixed with 1 g of ice, then resultant
Column I Column II
temperature of the mixture is (1999)
P. Process I A. Adiabatic
(a) 100 oC (b) 230oC (c) 270oC (d) 50oC
59. The radiant energy from the sun, incident normally at the Q. Process II B. Isobaric
surface of earth is 20 kcal/m2 min. What would have R. Process III C. Isochoric
been the radiant energy, incident normally on the earth, if S. Process IV D. Isothermal
the sun had a temperature, twice of the present one ?
(a) P  C , Q  A, R  D, S  B
(1998)
(b) P  C , Q  D, R  B, S  A
(a) 320 kcal/m2 min (b) 40 kcal/m2 min
(c) P  D, Q  B, R  A, S  C
(c) 160 kcal/m2 min (d) 80 kcal/m2 min
(d) P  A, Q  C , R  D, S  B
60. A black body is at a temperature of 500 K. It emits energy
1
at a rate which is proportional to (1997) 66. A carnot engine having an efficiency of as heat
10
(a) (500)3 (b) (500)4 (c) 500 (d) (500)2 engine, is used as a refrigerator. If the work done on the
61. A beaker full of hot water is kept in a room. If it cools system is 10 J, the amount of energy absorbed from the
from 80oC to 75oC in t1 minutes, from 75oC to 70oC in reservoir at lower temperature is (2017)
t2 minutes and from 70oC to 65oC in t3 minutes, then (a) 90 J (b) 99 J (c) 100 J (d) 1 J
(1995) 67. A gas mixture consists of 2 moles of O2 and 4 moles of
(a) t1  t 2  t3 (b) t1  t 2  t3 Ar at temperature T. Neglecting all vibrational modes, the
(c) t1  t2  t3 (d) t1  t 2  t3 total internal energy of the system is (2017)
62. Heat is flowing through two cylindrical rods of the same (a) 15 RT (b) 9 RT (c) 11 RT (d) 4 RT
material. The diameters of the rods are in the ratio 1 : 2 68. One mole of an ideal monatomic gas undergoes a process
and the lengths in the ratio 2 : 1. If the temperature described by the equation PV 3  constant. The heat
difference between the ends is same, then ratio of the capacity of the gas during this process is (2016)
rate of flow of heat through them will be (1995)
3 5
(a) R (b) R (c) 2R (d) R
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 8 : 1 (c) 1 : 1 (d) 1 : 8 2 2
48
69. The temperature inside a refrigerator is t2 oC and the room 74. An ideal gas is compressed to half its initial volume by
temperature is t1 oC. The amount of heat delivered to the means of several processes. Which of the process results
room for each joule of electrical energy consumed ideally in the maximum work done on the gas ? (2015)
will be (2016) (a) Isochoric (b) Isothermal
t1 t1  273 (c) Adiabatic (d) Isobaric
(a) t  t (b) t1  t2
1 2 75. Two vessels separately contain two ideal gases A and B
at the same temperature, the pressure of A being twice
t2  273 t1  t2
(c) (d) t  273 that of B. Under such conditions, the density of A is found
t1  t2 1
to be 1.5 times the density of B. The ratio of molecular
70. A given sample of an ideal gas occupies a volume V at a weight of A and B is (2015)
pressure P and absolute temperature T. The mass of each
molecule of the gas is m. Which of the following gives 1 2 3
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d)
2 3 4
the density of the gas ? (2016)
76. The coefficient of performance of a refrigerator is 5. If
(a) P /  kT  (b) Pm /  kT 
the temperature inside freezer is –20oC, the temperature
(c) P /  kTV  (d) mkT of the surroundings to which it rejects heat is (2015)
(a) 11oC (b) 21oC (c) 31oC (d) 41oC
71. A gas is compressed isothermally to half its initial
volume. The same gas is compressed separately through Cp
an adiabatic process until its volume is again reduced to 77. The ratio of the specific heats   in terms of
Cv
half. Then (2016)
degrees of freedom (n) is given by (2015)
(a) Compressing the gas isothermally or adiabatically will
require the same amount of work  2  n
(a) 1   (b) 1  
 n  2
(b) Which of the case (whether compression through
isothermal or through adiabatic process) requires more  1  n
work will depend upon the atomicity of the gas (c) 1   (d) 1  
 n  3
(c) Compressing the gas isothermally will require more
78. A Carnot engine, having an efficiency of 1/10 as heat
work to be done
engine, is used as a refrigerator. If the work done on the
(d) Compressing the gas through adiabatic process will system is 10 J, the amount of energy absorbed from the
require more work to be done. reservoir at lower temeprature is (2015)
72. The molecules of given mass of a gas have r.m.s. (a) 90 J (b) 1 J (c) 100 J (d) 99 J
velocity of 200 ms –1 at 27 oC and 1.0 × 10 5 Nm–2
79. One mole of an ideal diatomic gas undergoes a transition
pressure. When the temperature and pressure of the gas
from A to B along a path AB as shown in the figure.
are respectively, 127oC and 0.05 × 105 Nm–2, the r.m.s.
velocity of its molecules in ms–1 is (2016)
A
5
100 2 100 400 P (in kPa)
(a) (b) (c) 100 2 (d) B
3 3 3 2
73. A refrigerator works between 4oC and 30oC. It is required 4 6 V

to remove 600 calories of heat every second in order to V (in m3)
keep the temperature of the refrigerated space constant.
The power required is (Take 1 cal = 4.2 Joules) (2016) The change in internal energy of the gas during the
transition is (2015)
(a) 236.5 W (b) 2365 W
(a) 20 J (b) –12 J (c) 20 kJ (d) –20 kJ
(c) 2.365 W (d) 23.65 W
49
80. Figure below shows two paths that may be taken by a 85. A gas is taken through the cycle A  B  C  A , as
gas to go from a state A to a state C. shown. What is the net work done by the gas ? (2013)
5
P P(10 Pa)
4 B C
6 × 10 Pa
4 7
2 × 10 Pa
A 6 B
5
2 × 10–3m 3 4× 10–3m3
4
V
3
In process AB, 400 J of heat is added to the system and in A
2 C
process BC, 100 J of heat is added to the system. The 1
0 V(10–3 m3)
heat absorbed by the system in the process AC will be 2 4 6 8
(2015) (a) Zero (b) –2000 J (c) 2000 J (d) 1000 J
(a) 460 J (b) 300 J (c) 380 J (d) 500 J 86. During an adiabatic process, the pressue of a gas is found
81. A monatomic gas at a pressure P, having a volume V to be proportional to the cube of its temperature. The
expands isothermally to a volume 2V and then adiabatically Cp
to a volume 16 V. The final pressure of the gas is (Take ratio of for the gas is (2013)
Cv
 = 5/3). (2014) 5 3 4
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2
(a) 64 P (b) 32 P (c) P/64 (d) 16 P 3 2 3
82. A thermodynamic system undergoes cyclic process 87. The amount of heat energy required to raise the
ABCDA as shown in the figure. The work done by the temperature of 1 g of Helium at NTP, from T1 K to T2K
system in the cycle is (2014) is (2013)
3 3  T2 
P (a) N a k B T2  T1  (b) 4 N a k B  T 
C B 4  1
3P0
3 3
(c) N a k B T2  T1  (d) N a k B T2  T1 
2P0 8 2
P0 88. A system is taken from state a to state c by two paths adc
A D
and abc as shown in the figure. The internal energy is a is
V0 2V0 V Ua = 10 J. Along the path adc the amount of heat heate
PV
0 0
absorbed dQ1 = 50 J and the work obtained dW1 = 20 J
(a) PV
0 0 (b) 2PV
0 0 (c) (d) zero whereas along the path abc the heat absorbed dQ2 = 36 J.
2
83. The mean free path of molecules of a gas, (radius r) is The amount of work along the path abc is (2013)
inversely proportional to (2014) d c
(a) r3 (b) r2 (c) r (d) r P
84. In the given (V – T) diagram, what is the relation between
pressures P1 and P2 ? (2013) a b
V p2
V
p1 (a) 10 J (b) 12 J (c) 36 J (d) 6 J
2 89. Which of the following relations does not give the equation
1 of an adiabatic process, where terms have their usual
T meaning ? (2013)
(a) P2 < P1 (b) Cannot be predicted (a) P1 –  T = constant (b) PV = constant
(c) P2 = P1 (d) P2 > P1 (c) TV– 1 = constant (d) P T1– = constant
50
90. Two Carnot engines A and B are operated in series. The 94. An ideal gas goes from state A t1o state B via three
engine A receives heat from the source at temperature T1 different processes as indicated in the P-V diagram
and rejects the heat to the sink at temperature T. The
A 1
second engine B receives the heat at temperature T and P
2
rejects to its sink at temeprature T2. For what value of T
the efficiencies of the two engines are equal (2013) B
3
T1  T2
(a) (b) T1T2 V
2 If Q1, Q2, Q3 indicate the heat absorbed by the gas along
T1  T2 the three processes and U1, U 2 , U 3 indicate the
(c) T1T2 (d)
2 change in internal energy along the three processes
91. In a vessel, the gas is at pressure P. If the mass of all the respectively, then (2012)
molecules is halved and their speed is doubled, then the
(a) Q1  Q2  Q3 and U1  U 2  U 3
resultant pressure will be (2013)
(b) Q3  Q2  Q1 and U1  U 2  U 3
(a) 2P (b) P (c) P/2 (d) 4P
(c) Q1  Q2  Q3 and U1  U 2  U 3
92. A thermodynamic system is taken through the cycle ABCD
as shown in figure, Heat rejected by the gas during the (d) Q3  Q2  Q1 and U1  U 2  U 3
cycle is (2012) 95. During an isothermal expansion, a confined ideal gas does
–150 J of work against its surroundings. This
2P D C implies that (2011)
(a) 150 J of heat has been removed from the gas
Pressure
(b) 300 J of heat has been added to the gas

P A B
(c) no heat is transferred because the process is isothermal
V 3V
Volume (d) 150 J of heat has been added to the gas
1
(a) 2PV (b) 4PV (c) PV (d) PV 96. When 1 kg of ice at 0 oC melts to water at 0oC, the
2
resulting change in its entropy, taking latent heat of ice to
93. One mole of an ideal gas goes from an initial state A to
be 80 cal/oC, is (2011)
final state B via two processes: It first undergoes
(a) 273 cal/K (b) 8×104 cal/K
isothermal expansion from volume V to 3 V and then its
volume is reduced from 3 V to V at constant pressure. (c) 80 cal/K (d) 293 cal/K
The correct P-V diagram representing the two 97. A mass of diatomic gas ( = 1.4) at a pressure of
processes is (2012) 2 atmospheres is compressed adiabatically so that its
B A temperature rises from 27oC to 927oC. The pressure of
P P the gas in the final state is (2011)
A (a) 8 atm (b) 28 atm (c) 68.7 atm (d) 256 atm
B
(a) (b) 98. If U W represents the increase in internal energy
V 3V V 3V and work done by the system respectively in a
V V
thermodynamical process, which of the following is true?
A A (2010)
P P
(a) U  W , in an adiabatic process
B B
(b) U  W , in an isothermal process
(c) (d)
V 3V V 3V (c) U  W , in an adiabatic process
V V
(d) U  W , in an isothermal process
51
99. If c p and cv denote the specific heats (per unit mass of 107. The molar specific heat at constant pressure of an ideal
an ideal gas of molecular weight M, then (2010) gas is (7/2)R. The ratio of specific heat at constant
(a) c p  cv  R / M 2 (b) c p  cv  R pressure to that at constant volume is (2006)
(c) c p  cv  R / M (d) c p  cv  MR (a) 9/7 (b) 7/5 (c) 8/7 (d) 5/7
where R is the molar gas constant 108. An ideal gas heat engine operates in Carnot cycle between
227oC and 127oC. It absorbs 6  104 cal of heat at higher
100. A monatomic gas at pressure P 1 and volume V 1 is
1 temperature. Amount of heat converted to work is (2005)
compressed adiabatically to th of its original volume.
8 (a) 4.8  10 4 cal (b) 6  104 cal
What is the final pressure of the gas ? (2010)
(c) 2.4  104 cal (d) 1.2  104 cal
(a) 64 P1 (b) P 1 (c) 16 P1 (d) 32 P1
109. Which of the following processes is reversible ? (2005)
101. The internal energy change in a system that has absorbed
(a) Transfer of heat by conduction
2 kcal of heat and done 500 J of work is (2009)
(b) Transfer of heat by radiation
(a) 6400 J (b) 5400 J
(c) Isothermal compression
(c) 7900 J (d) 8900 J
(d) Electrical heating of a nichrome wire
102. In thermodynamic processes which of the following
statements is not true ? (2009) 110. The equation of state for 5 g of oxygen at a pressure P
and temperature T, when occupying a volume V, will be
(a) In an isochoric process pressure remains constant
(2004)
(b) In an isothermal process the temperature remains
constant (a) PV  (5/ 32) RT (b) PV  5 RT
(c) In an adiabatic process PV   constant (c) PV   5/ 2  RT (d) PV   5/16  RT
(d) In an adiabatic process the sytem is insulated from 111. One mole of an ideal gas at an initial temperature of T K
the surroundings does 6 R joule of work adiabatically. If the ratio of specific
103. At 10oC the value of the density of a fixed mass of an heats of this gas at constant pressure and at constant
ideal gas divided by it pressure is x. At 110oC this ratio is volume is 5/3, the final temperature of gas will be
(2008) (2004)
10 283 383 (a) T  2.4  K (b) T  2.4  K

(a) x (b) x (c) x (d) x
110 383 283 (c) T  4  K (d) T  4  K
104. If Q, E and W denote respectively the heat added, change
112. An ideal gas heat engine opeates in a Carnot cycle
in internal energy and the work done in a closed cycle
between 227oC and 127oC. It absorbs 6 kcal at the higher
process, then (2008)
temperature. The amount of heat (in kcal) converted into
(a) E = 0 (b) Q = 0 work is equal to (2003)
(c) W = 0 (d) Q = W = 0 (a) 4.8 (b) 3.5 (c) 1.6 (d) 1.2
105. An engine has an efficiency of 1/6. When the temperature 113. The efficiency of Carnot engine is 50% and temperature
of sink is reduced by 62oC, its efficiency is doubled. of sink is 500 K. If temperature of source is kept constant
Temperatures of the source is (2007) and its efficiency raised to 60%, then the required
(a) 37oC (b) 62oC (c) 99oC (d) 124oC temperature of sink will be (2002)
106. A carnot engine whose sink is at 300 K has an efficiency (a) 100 K (b) 600 K
of 40%. By how much should the temperature of source (c) 400 K (d) 500 K
be increased so as to increase its efficiency by 50% of
114. A scientist says that the efficiency of his heat engine which
original efficiency ? (2006)
work at source temperature 127oC and sink temperature
(a) 380 K (b) 275 K (c) 325 K (d) 250 K 27oC is 26%, then (2001)
52
(a) It is impossible 121. The efficiency of a Carnot engine operating with

(b) It is possible but less probable reservoir temperature of 100oC and –23oC will be
(c) It is quite probable (1997)
(d) data are incomplete 373  250 373  250

(a) (b)
373 373
115. The (W/Q) of a Carnot engine is 1/6, now the temperature
of sink is reduced by 62oC, then this ratio becomes twice, 100  23 100  23
(c) (d)
therefore the initial temperature of the sink and source 100 100
are respectively (2000) 122. A sample of gas expands from volume V1 to V2.. The
(a) 33°C, 67°C (b) 37°C, 99°C amount of work done by the gas is greatest, when the
(c) 67°C, 33°C (d) 97K, 37K expansion is (1997)
(a) adiabatic (b) equal in all cases
116. To find out degree of freedom, the expression is (2000)
(c) isothermal (d) isobaric
2  1
(a) f    1 (b) f  123. The value of critical temperature in terms of van der Waal’s
2
contant a and b is given by (1996)
2 1 8a 27 a
(c) f    1 (d) f    1 (a) TC  (b) TC 
27 Rb 8 Rb
117. An ideal gas at 27oC is compressed adiabatically to 8/27 a a
(c) TC  (d) TC 
of its original volume. The rise in temperature is 2 Rb 27 Rb
(Take   5 / 3 ) (1999) 124. An ideal gas, undergoing adiabatic change, has which of
the following pressure temperature relationship ?
(a) 275 K (b) 375 K (c) 475 K (d) 175 K
(1996)
118. The degrees of freedom of a triatomic gas is (1999)
(a) P T 1  constant (b) P1 T   constant
(a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 8
(c) P 1T   constant (d) P T  1  constant
119. If the ratio of specific heat of a gas at constant pressure
to that at constant volume is  , the change in internal 125. A diatomic gas initially at 18 o C is compressed
energy of a mass of gas, when the volume changes from adiabatically to one eighth of its original volume. The
V to 2V at constant pressure P, is (1998) temperatureafter compression will be (1996)
(a) 395.4°C (b) 144°C (c) 18°C (d) 887.4°C
PV
(a)    1 (b) PV 126. At 0 K which of the following properties of a gas will be
zero ? (1996)
R  PV (a) vibrational energy (b) density
(c) (d)
  1   1 (c) kinetic energy (d) potential energy
120. We consider a thermodynamic system. If U represents 127. An ideal Carnot engine, whose efficiency is 40% receives
the increase in its internal energy and W the work done heat at 500 K. If its efficiency is 50%, then the intake
by the system, which of the following statements is true? temperature for the same exhaust temperature is (1995)
(1998) (a) 800 K (b) 900 K (c) 600 K (d) 700 K
(a) U  W in an isothermal process 128. In an adiabatic change, the pressure and temperature of a
(b) U  W in an isothermal process monatomic gas are related as P  T C , where C equals
(1994)
(c) U  W is in adiabatic process
3 5 2 5
(d) U  W in an adiabatic process (a) (b) (c) (d)
5 3 5 2
53
129. Which of the following is not thermodynamical function? 136. Three containers of the same volume contain three different
(1993) gases. The masses of the molecules are m1, m2 and m3
and the number of molecules in their respective containers
(a) Enthalpy (b) Work done
are N1, N2 and N3. The gas pressure in the containers are
(c) Gibb’s energy (d) Internal energy
P1, P2 and P3 respectively. All the gases are now mixed
130. 110 joule of heat is added to a gaseous system whose and put in one of these containers. The pressure P of the
internal energy is 40 J, then the amount of external work mixture will be (1991)
done is (1993) P1  P2  P3
(a) 150 J (b) 70 J (c) 110 J (d) 40 J (a) P   P1  P2  P3  (b) P 
3
131. An ideal gas A and a real gas B have their volumes (c) P  P1  P2  P3 (d) P   P1  P2  P3 
increased from V to 2V under isothermal conditions. The 137. A thermodynamic process is shown in the figure. The
increase in internal energy (1993) pressure and volumes corresponding to some points in
(a) will be same in both A and B the figure are PA  3  104 Pa ; V A  2  103 m3 ;
(b) will be zero in both the gaes PB  8  104 Pa;VD  5  103 m3 .
(c) of B will be more than that of A In the process AB, 600 J of heat is added to the system
(d) of A will be more than that of B and in process BC, 200 J of heat is added to the system.
The change in internal energy of the system is process
132. The number of translational degrees of freedom for a
AC would be (1991)
diatomic gas is (1993)
P
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 6 B C
133. A thermodynamic system is taken from state A to B along
ACB and is brought back to A along BDA as shown in the
PV diagram. The net work done during the complete cycle
A D
is given by the area (1992) 0 V
P
(a) 560 J (b) 800 J (c) 600 J (d) 640 J
P2 B
C 138. Relation between pressure (P) and energy (E) of a gas is
P1 D (1991)
A
2 1
0 A' B' V (a) P  E (b) P  E
3 3
(a) P1 ACBP2 P1 (b) ACBB ' A ' A
(c) P  E (d) P  3E
(c) ACBDA (d) ADBB ' A ' A
139. One mole of an ideal gas required 207 J heat to rise the
R temperature by 10 K when heated at constant pressure.
134. If for a gas,  0.67 , this gas is made up of molecules
CV If the same gas is heated at constant volume to raise the
which are (1992)
temperature by the same 10 K, the heat required is
(a) diatomic
(Given the gas constant R = 8.3 J/mole K) (1990)
(b) mixture of diatomic and polyatomic molecules
(a) 198.7 J (b) 29 J (c) 215.3 J (d) 124 J
(c) monoatomic
140. According to kinetic theory of gases, at absolute zero of
(d) polyatomic temperature (1990)
135. For hydrogen gas C P  CV  a and for a oxygen gas (a) water freezes
C P  CV  b , so the relation between a and b is given by
(b) liquid helium freezes
(1991)
(c) molecular motion stops
(a) a = 16 b (b) 16 b = a (c) a = 4b (d) a = b
(d) liquid hydrogen freezes
54
141. For a certain gas the ratio of specific heats is given to be 3. In given thermodynamic process determine efficiency
  1.5 . For this gas (1990) of cycle. (AIIMS 2019)
(a) CV  3R / J (b) CP  3R / J
(c) CP  5 R / J (d) CV  5 R / J T
A B
142. A polyatomic gas with n degree of freedom has a mean 500K
adiabatic
energy per molecule given by (1989) C
400K D
nkT nkT nkT 3kT adiabatic
(a) (b) (c) (d) 300K E
N 2N 2 2 F
143. At constant volume temperature is increased then(1989) V
(a) collision on walls will be less

AB, EF, CD  isothermal
(b) number of collisions per unit time will increase
Q1  Q 2
(c) collisions will be in straight lines  ?
Q1
(d) collisions will not chagne
144. Two containers A and B are partly filled with water and 4. Determine coefficient of performance of given
closed. The volume of A is twice that of B and it contains temperature limit.
half the amount of water in B. If both are at the same T1  27C [outside fridge]
temperature, the water vapour in the containers will have T2  23C [inside fridge] (AIIMS 2019)
pressure in the ratio of (1988)
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 1
5. If sink and source temperature of a refrigerator are 4°C
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 4 : 1 and 15°C respectively. Then efficiency of refrigerator
145. First law of thermodynamics is consequence of is: (AIIMS 2019)
conservation of (1988) (a) 0.076 (b) 0.0382
(a) work (b) energy (c) 0.019 (d) 1
(c) heat (d) all of these 6. In an isothermal process 2 water drops of radius 1 mm
are combined to form a bigger drop. Find the energy
Other Medical change in this process if T = 0.1 N/m
(AIIMS 2019)
1. If 7 gm N2 is mixed with 20 gm Ar, there CP/CV of
mixture will be : (AIIMS 2019) (a) 1 J (b) 0.5 J
(c) 0.25 J (d) 0.75 J
17 11 17 17
(a) (b) (c) (d) 7. If temperature of Sun = 6000K, radius of Sun is
6 7 11 13
5
7.2 × 10 Km, radius of Earth = 6000 Km & distance
2. A conducting and closed container of capacity 100 liter 7
between earth and Sun = 15 × 10 Km. Find intensity
contains an ideal gas at a high pressure. Now using a
of light on Earth. (AIIMS 2019)
pump, the gas is taken out at a constant rate of 5 liter/ 16 16
(a) 19.2 × 10 (b) 12.2 × 10
sec. Find the time taken in which the pressure will
16 16
Pinitial (c) 18.3 × 10 (d) 9.2 × 10
decrease to ? (Assume isothermal condition)
100 8. If radius of O2 molecule = 40Å, T = 27°C and P = 1
(AIIMS 2019) atm. Find the time of relaxation. (AIIMS 2019)
–10 –12
(a) 46 sec (b) 92 sec (a) 10 sec (b) 10 sec
–14 –8
(c) 118 sec (d) 146 sec (c) 10 sec (d) 10 sec
55
P 16. In an isobaric process, the work done by a di-atomic
A
gas is 10J, the heat given to the gas will be:
(AIIMS 2019)
9. B C
(a) 35 J (b) 30 J (c) 45 J (d) 60 J
V
17. An ideal gas initially at pressure 1 bar is being
If one mole of an ideal gas goes through the process 3 3
compressed from 30 m to 10 m volume and its
A  B and B  C. Given that TA  400 K, and TC = temperature decreases from 320 K to 280 K then find
PA 1 final pressure of gas. (AIIMS 2019)
400 K. If P  5 , then find the heat supplied to the
B (a) 2.625 bar (b) 3.4 bar
gas. (AIIMS 2019)
(c) 1.325 bar (d) 4.5 bar
(a) 2059.2 J (b) 3659.2 J 8
18. Distance between sun and earth is 2 × 10 km,
(c) 2225.2 J (d) 2659.2 J 5
temperature of sun 6000 K, radius of sun 7 × 10 km,
10. Find  for the mixture of 11 gm CO2 and 14 gm N2? if emmisivity of earth is 0.6, then find out temperature
(AIIMS 2019) of earth in thermal equilibrium. (AIIMS 2019)
7 10 (a) 400 K (b) 300 K (c) 500 K (d) 600 K
(a)  mix  (b)  mix 
5 5 19. In Maxwell’s speed distribution curve, for N2 gas, the
11 4 average of |relative velocity| between two molecules at
(c)  mix  (d)  mix 
8 3 300 k will be :- (AIIMS 2019)
11. Calculate radiation power for sphere whose
(a) 300 m/sec (b) 610 m/sec
temperature is 227°C and radius 2 m and emissivity
0.8. (AIIMS 2019) (c) 920 m/sec (d) zero
(a) 1425 W (b) 1500 W (c) 1255 W (d) 1575 W 20. N2 gas is heated from 300 kg temperature to 600 k
through an isobaric process. Then find the change in
12. Determine efficiency of carnot cycle if in adiabatic
the entropy of the gas. (n = 1 mole)
expansion volume 3 times of initial value and r = 1.5
(AIIMS 2019)
(AIIMS 2019)
(a) 10 J/k (b) 20 J/k (c) 30 J/k (d) 40 J/k
1 1 1 1
(a) 1  (b) 1  (c) 1  (d) 1  21. In adiabatic process, volume of monoatomic gas increase
2 3 2 3
by 6% then find percentage change in temperature.
13. The temperature of food material in refrigerator is 4°C
(AIIMS 2016)
and temperature of environment is 15°C. If carnot
(a) –2% (b) –4% (c) 2% (d) 4%
cycle is used in its working gas, then find its carnot
efficiency. (AIIMS 2019) 22. 5 moles of a gas expand from V to 2V at 400 K. Find
(a) 0.038 (b) 0.028 (c) 0.053 (d) 0.072 work done by gas. (AIIMS 2016)
14. For a refrigerator, heat absorbed from source is 800 J (a) 11.50 KJ (b) 23.4 KJ
and heat supplied to sink is 500 J then find coefficient (c) 63.7 KJ (d) 5.6 KJ
of performance is :- (AIIMS 2019) 23. A tungsten body of diameter 2.3 cm is at 2000oC. It
radiates 30% of the energy radiated by a black body of
5 8 5 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) same radius and temperature. Find radius of black body
8 5 3 5
which will radiate energy at same rate at the same
15. A carnot engine works between 27°C and 127°C. Heat temperature? (AIIMS 2016)
supplied by the source is 500 J. Then heat ejected to
(a) 2.32 cm (b) 1.49 cm
the sink is : (AIIMS 2019)
(a) 1000 J (b) 667 J (c) 375 J (d) 500 J (c) 0.629 cm (d) 0.123 cm
56
P(atm) 31. One mole of oxygen of volume 1 litre at 4 atm pressure
to attains 1 atm pressure by result of isothermal
1 expansion. Find work done by the gas.(AIIMS 2013)
(a) 155 J (b) 206 J (c) 355 J (d) 562 J
24. 32. Given below are the plot of maxwell’s distribution of

0.5 velocity of a gas at different temperature. Identify the
V(litre) distribution which have highest temperature.
10 50
(AIIMS 2013)
Find out work done by gas? (AIIMS 2016)
(a) 100 J (b) 200 J (c) 600 J (d) 1000 J A
B
C
25. One of the most efficient engines ever developed
operated between 2100 K and 700 K. Its actual efficiency
is 40%. What percentage of its maximum possible
efficiency is (approx). (AIIMS 2015)
(a) 40% (b) 60% (c) 75% (d) 90% v
26. In a gas at 1 atm pressure and 27 oC
a molecule has (a) Distribution-A (b) Distribution-B
diameter of 5 Å find mean free path of molecules:
(c) Distribution-C (d) None of these
(AIIMS 2015)
33. A refrigerator transfer 180 joule of energy in one second
(a) 3.8  10 8 m (b) 2  10 8 m from temperature –3oC to 27oC. Calcualte the average
power consumed, assuming no energy losses in the
(c) 8.3  10 9 m (d) 3.2  10  6 m process. (AIIMS 2013)
27. A body cool from 90 oC to 70 o C in 10 minutes if (a) 18 W (b) 54 W (c) 20 W (d) 120 W
temperature of surrounding is 20oC find the time taken
by body to cool from 60oC to 30oC. Assuming Newton’s 34. Two conductors having thickness d 1 and d 2, thermal
law of cooling is valid (AIIMS 2015) conductivity k1 and k2 are placed one above the another.
(a) 10 min (b) 24 min (c) 36 min (d) 8 min Find the equivalent thermal conductance: (AIIMS 2012)
28. Two stars A and B of surface area S a and S b and  d1  d2  k1d 2  k2d1 
temperature Ta and Tb glow red and blue respectively. (a) 2  k1  k2 
Choose the correct option. (AIIMS 2014)
(a) Ta > Tb (b) Ta < Tb  d1  d 2  k1d 2  k2 d1 

(b) 2  k1  k2 
(c) TaSa = TbSb (d) TaSb = TbSa
k1k2  d1  d 2 
29. A gas is equilibrium at T kelvin. Its molecular weight is m (c)
and its component of velocity in x direction is vx. Then d1k2  d 2 k1
mean of its vx2 is (AIIMS 2014) (d) None of these
35. Calculate the work done for A  B, :- (AIIMS 2012)

3kT 2kT kT
(a) (b) (c) (d) zero V(L)
m m m
30. A gas mixture contain one mole He gas and one mole A
4
O2 gas. Find the ratio of specific heat at constant pressure
to that at constant volume of the gaseous mixture:
(AIIMS 2013)
2 B
C
(a) 2 (b) 1.5 (c) 2.5 (d) 4 P(N/m )
2
0
1 5
57
–3 –3
(a) 6 × 10 J (b) 12 × 10 J 42. A clock with a metal pendulum beating seconds keeps
(c) 3 × 10
–3
J (d) 4 × 10
–3
J correct time at 0oC. If it loses 12.5 s a day at 25oC, the
coefficient of linear expansion of metal pendulum is
36. What is the slope for an isothermal process in PV
indicator diagram :- (AIIMS 2012) (AIIMS 2010)
1 1
P P (a) / oC (b) / oC
(a) (b)  (c) Zero (d)  86400 43200
V V
37. A large cylindrical rod of length L is made by joining two 1 1
(c) / oC (d) / oC
identical rods of copper and steel of length (L/2) each. 14400 28800
The rods are completely insulated from the surroundings. 43. 1 gram of ice is mixed with 1 gram of steam. At thermal
If the fee end of the copper rod is maintained at 100oC equilibrium, the temperature of the mixture is is
and that of steel at 0oC then the temperature of junction is (a) 100oC (b) 55oC (c) 0oC (d) 50oC
(thermal conductivity of copper is 9 times that of steel)
44. Two rods, one of aluminium and the other made of steel,
(a) 10oC (b) 50oC (c) 90oC (d) 67oC having initial length l1 and l2 are connected together to
38. The pressure of an ideal gas varies with volume as form a single rod of length l1  l2 . The coefficients of
P  V , where  is a constant. One mole of gas is linear expansion for aluminium and steel are  a and  s
allowed to undergo expansion such that its volume respectively. If the length of each rod increases by the
becomes ‘m’ times its initial volume. The work done by same amount when their temperatrues are raised by toC,
the gas in the process is l1
then find the ratio  l  l 
V 
(a)
2
 m  1
2
(b)
2V
 m  1
2
s
1 2
a
(a)  (b) 
V 2  2V 2
(c)
2
 m  1
2
(d)
2
 m  1
2 a
s
s
a
(c)  a   s  (d)  a   s 
39. An ideal monoatomic gas with pressure P, volume V and
temperature T is expanded isothermally to a volume 2V 45. An ideal gas is expanding such that PT2 = constant. The
and a final pressure Pi. If the same gas is expanded coefficient of volume expansion of the gas is
adiabatically to a volume 2V, the final pressure is Pa. The
1 2 3 4
Pa (a) (b) (c) (d)
ratio of is T T T T
Pi
(a) 22 / 3 (b) 21/ 3 (c) 21/ 3 (d) 22 / 3 46. Density of substance at 0oC is 10 gm/cc and at 100oC, its
density is 9.7 gm/cc. The coefficient of linear expansion
40. The door of a working refrigerator is left open in a well
of the substance will be
insulated room. The temperature of air in the room will
be (a) 102 (b) 10–2 (c) 10 –3 (d) 10–4
(a) increase 47. Three bodies of the same material and having masses m,
m and 3m are at temperature 40 oC, 50 oC and 60 oC
(b) decrease
respectively. If the bodies are brought in terminal contact,
(c) remain the same the final temperature will be
(d) increase in winters and decrease in summers. (a) 45oC (b) 54oC (c) 52oC (d) 48oC
41. The ratio of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of 48. A hammer of mass 1 kg having speed of 50 m/s, hit a iron
two different materials is 5 : 3. If the thermal resistance nail of mass 200 gm. If specific heat of iron is 0.105 cal/
of the two rods of these materials of same thickness is gmoC and half the energy is converted into heat, the raise
same, then the ratio of the length of these rods will be in temperature of nail is
(a) 5 :3 (b) 3 : 5 (c) 9 : 25 (d) 25 : 9 (a) 7.1oC (b) 9.2oC (c) 10.5oC (d) 12.1oC
58
49. 10 g of ice at 0oC is mixed with 100 g of water at 50oC. R

What is resultant temperature of mixture
(a) 31.2oC (b) 32.8oC
(c) 36.7oC (d) 38.2oC
P Q
50. Three liquids with masses m1, m2, m3 are thoroughly O
mixed. If their specific heats are c1, c2, c3 and their (a)  2  31 (b)  2  41
temperature T1, T2, T3 respectively, then the temperature (c) 1  3 2 (d) 1  4 2
of the mixture is
55. A block of ice at –10oC is slowly heated and converted to
c1T1  c2T2  c3T3 steam at 100oC. Which of the following curves represents
(a) m c  m c  m c the phenomenon qualitatively
1 1 2 2 3 3
m1c1T1  m2c2T2  m3c3T3
Temperature
Temperature
(b) m1c1  m2c2  m3c3
(a) (b)
m1c1T1  m2c2T2  m3c3T3
(c) m1T1  m2T2  m3T3 Heat supplied Heat supplied
m1T1  m2T2  m3T3

(d)
Temperature
Temperature
c1T1  c2T2  c3T3
51. 0.1 m3 of water at 80oC is mixed with 0.3 m3 of water at (c) (d)
60oC. The final temperature of the mixtuer is Heat supplied Heat supplied
(a) 65oC (b) 70oC (c) 60oC (d) 75oC
56. A solid material is supplied with heat at constant rate and
52. When the temperature of a rod increases from t to t  t . the temperature of the material changes as shown. From
Its moment of inertia increaes from I to I  I . If  be the graph, the false conclusion drawn is
the coefficient of linear expansion of the rod, then the
I
Temperature
value of is
I E
C
t t A D
(a) 2t (b)  t (c) (d) B CD = 2AB
2 
O Heat input
t
(e) (a) AB and CD of the graph represent phase changes
2
53. The temperature of equal masses of three different liquids (b) AB represents the change of state from solid to liquid
A, B and Ca re 12oC, 19oC and 28oC respectively. The (c) Latent heat of fusion is twice the latent heat of
temperature when A and B are mixed is 16oC and when B vaporization
and C are mixed is 23oC. The temperature when A and C (d) CD represents change of state from liquid to vapour
are mixed is
(e) Latent heat of vaporization is twice the latent heat of
(a) 18.2oC (b) 22oC (c) 20.2oC (d) 25.2oC fusion
54. Three rods of equal length l are joined to form an equilateral 57. If pressure of a gas contained in a closed vessel is
traingle PQR. O is the mid point of PQ. Distance OR increased by 0.4% when heated by 1 oC, the initial
remains same for small change temperature. Coefficient temperature must be
of linear expansion for PR and RQ is same, i.e.,  2 but
(a) 250 K (b) 250oC
that for PQ is 1 . Then
(c) 2500 K (d) 25oC
59
58. A gas at the temperature 250 K is contained in a closed 67. If the ratio of vapour density for hydrogen and oxygen is
vessel. If the gas is heated through 1 K, then the percentage 1
, then under constant pressure the ratio of their rms
increase in its pressure will be 16
velocities will be
(a) 0.4% (b) 0.2% (c) 0.1% (d) 0.8%
4 1 1 16
59. The pressure is P, volume V and temperature T of a gas in (a) (b) (c) (d)
1 4 16 1
the jar A and the other gas in the jar B is at pressure 2P,
68. The temperature of an ideal gas is increased from 27oC to
volume V/4 and temperature 2T, then the ratio of the
927oC. The root mean square of its molecules becomes
number of molecules in the jar A and B will be
(a) Twice (b) Half
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 2 :1 (d) 4 : 1
(c) Four times (d) One-fourth
60. If the molecular weight of two gases are M1 and M2,
then at a temperature the ratio of root mean square velocity 69. The temperature of an ideal gas is increased from 120 K
v1 and v2 will be to 480 K. If at 120 K, the root mean square velocity of
the gas molecules is v, at 480 K it becomes
M1 M2
(a) (b) (a) 4v (b) 2v (c) v/2 (d) v/4
M2 M1
70. The value of densities of two diatomic gases at constant
M1  M 2 M1  M 2 temperature and pressure are d1 and d2, then the ratio of
(c) M1  M 2 (d) M1  M 2 speed of sound in these gases will be
61. The r.m.s. speed of oxygen is v at a particular temperature. (a) d1d2 (b) d 2 / d1 (c) d1 / d 2 (d) d1d 2
If the temperature is doubled and oxygen molecules 71. On any planet, the presence of atmosphere implies
dissociate into oxygen atoms, the r.m.s. speed becomes (Crms = root mean square velocity of molecules and
(a) v (b) 2v (c) 2v (d) 4v ve = escape velocity)
62. For a gas at a temperature T the root-mean-square (a) Crms  Ve (b) Crms  Ve
velocity vrms , the most probable speed vmp, and the (c) Crms  Ve (d) Crms  0e
average speed vav obey the relationship (AIIMS 2004) 72. In the two vessels of same volume, atomic hydrogen and
(a) vav  vrms  vmp (b) vrms  vav  vmp helium at pressure 1 atm and 2 atm are filled. If temperature
(c) vmp  vav  vrms (d) vmp  vrms  vav of both the samples is same, then average speed of
hydrogen atoms  C H  will be related to that of helium
63. At what temperature is the root mean square velocity of
 C He  as
gaseous hydrogen molecules equal to that of oxygen
molecules at 47oC (a)  CH  2  CHe  (b)  C H  C He 
(a) 20 K (2) 80 K (c) –73 K (d) 3 K  CHe 

(c)  CH  2  C He  (d)  C H 
2
64. A sample of gas is at 0o C . To what temperature it must
be raised in order to double the r.m.s. speed of the molecule 73. If the internal energy of n1 moles of He at temperature 10
T is equal to the internal energy of n2 mole of hydrogen at
(a) 270oC (b) 819oC (c) 1090oC (d) 100oC n1
temperature 6T. The ratio of n is
65. At room temperature, the r.m.s. speed of the molecules 2
of certain diatomic gas is found to be 1930 m/s. The gas (a) 3/5 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 5/3
is R
74. For a gas C  0.67 . This gas is made up of molecules
(a) H2 (b) F 2 (c) O2 (d) Cl2 V
which are
66. Speed of sound in a gas is v and r.m.s. velocity of the gas
molecules is c. The ratio of v to c is (a) Diatomic
(b) Mixture of diatomic and polyatomic molecules
3  3 
(a)  (b) (c)  (d) (c) Monoatomic (d) Polyatomic
3 3
60
75. For a gas molecule with 6 degree of freedom the law of (a) 4RT (b) 15 RT (c) 9 RT (d) 11 RT
equipartition of energy gives the following relation between 84. A vessel contains a mixture of one mole of oxygen and
the molar specific heat (Cv) and gas constant (R) two moles of nitrogen at 300 K. The ratio of the average
R rotational kinetic energy per O2 molecule to that per N2
(a) CV  (b) CV  R
2 molecule is
(c) CV  2 R (d) CV  3R (a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
76. The heat capacity per mole of water is (R is universal gas (c) 2 : 1
constant) (d) Depends on the moments of inertia of the two
9 molecules
(a) 9R (b) R (c) 6R (d) 5R
2 85. The root mean square speed of the molecules of a diatomic
(e) 3R gas is v. When the temperature is doubled, the molecules
77. 310 J of heat is required to raise the temperature of 2 dissociate into two atoms. The new root mean square
mole of an ideal gas at constant pressure from 25oC to speed of the atom is
35oC. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature (a) (b) v (c) 2v (d) 4v
2v
of the gas through the same range at constant volume is
86. One mole of an ideal gas is taken from A to B, from B to
(a) 384 J (b) 144 J (c) 276 J (d) 452 J C and then back to A. The variation of its volume with
78. Mean kinetic energy per degree of freedom of gas temperature for that change is as shown. Its pressure at
molecules is A is P0, volume is V0. Then, the internal energy
3 1 3 A
(a) kT (b) kT (c) kT (d) RT
2 2 2
V
79. The ratio of mean kinetic energy of hydrogen and oxygen
at a given temperature is
(a) 1 : 16 (b) 1 : 8 (c) 1 : 4 (d) 1 : 1 C
B
80. At what temperature is the kinetic energy of a gas molecule
T
double that of its value of 27oC
(a) At A is more than at B
(a) 54oC (b) 300 K (c) 327oC (d) 108oC
(b) At C is less than at B
81. The translational kinetic energy of gas molecule for one
(c) At B is more than at A
mole of the gas is equal to
(d) At A and B are equal
3 2 1 2
(a) RT (b) RT (c) RT (d) KT 2
87. The curve between absolute temperature and vrms is
2 3 2 3
2 2
82. A closed compartment containing gas is moving with some v rms v rms
acceleration in horizontal direction. Neglect effect of
gravity. Then the pressure in the compartment is
(a) same everywhere (a) (b)
(b) Lower in the fornt side T T

(c) Lower in the rear side 2 2
v rms v rms
(d) Lower in the upper side
83. A gas mixture consists of 2 moles of oxygen and 4 moles
of argon at temperature T. Neglecting all vibrational modes, (c) (d)
the total internal energy of the system is
T T
61
88. The adjoinig figure shows graph of pressure and volume 94. A monoatomic gas   5/ 3 is suddenly compressed to
of a gas at two temperatures T1 and T2. Which of the 1
of its original volume adiabatically, then the pressure
following inferences is correct 8
P of the gas will change to
(a) T1  T2
(b) T1  T2
24
(a) (b) 8
5
(c) T1  T2 T2
T1 40
(d) No interference can be drawn V (c) (d) 32 times its initial pressure
3
89. Which one the following graphs represents the behaviour 8
of an ideal gas 95. An ideal gas at 27oC is compressed adiabatically to
27
5
PV PV of its original volume. If   , then the rise in
3
temperature is
(a) (b)
(a) 450 K (b) 375 K (c) 225 K (d) 405 K
V V
96. A Carnot engine working between 300 K and 600 K has
PV PV work output of 800 J per cycle. What is amount of heat
energy supplied to the engine from source per cycle
(c) (d) (a) 1800 J/cycle (b) 1000 J/cycle
V V (c) 2000 J/cycle (d) 1600 J/cycle

97. If the door of a refrigerator is kept open, then which of
90. From the following P-T graph what inference can be drawn
the following is true
T
V 2
(a) Room is cooled
V1 (b) Room is heated

 (c) Room is either cooled or heated
P
(a) V2  V1 (b) V2  V1 (d) Room is neither cooled nor heated
(c) V2  V1 (d) None of the above 98. The change in the entropy of a 1 mole of an ideal gas
91. When an ideal monoatomic gas is heated at constant which went through an isothermal process from an initial
pressure, fraction of heat energy supplied which increase state (P1, V1, T) to the final state (P2, V2, T) is equal to
the internal energy of gas, is (AIIMS 2010) (a) Zero (b) R ln T
(a) 2/5 (b) 3/5 (c) 3/7 (d) 3/4 V1
92. If a quantity of heat 1163.4 joule is supplied to one mole (c) R ln V (d) R ln
2
of nitrogen gas, at room temperature at constant pressure,
99. Efficiency of a Carnot engine is 50% when temperature
then the rise in temperature is
of outlet is 500 K. In order to increase efficiency up to
(Given R = 8.31 J mole–1 K–1) 60% keeping temperature of intake the same what is
(a) 54 K (b) 28 K (c) 65 K (d) 8 K temperature of outlet
(e) 40 K (a) 200 K (b) 400 K (c) 600 K (d) 800 K
93. A vessel containing 5 litres of a gas at 0.8 m pressure is 100. An ideal heat engine working between temperature T1
connected to an evacuated vessel of volume 3 litres. The and T2 has an efficiency  , the new effciency if both the
resultant pressure inside will be (assuming whole system source and sink temperature are doubled, will be
to be isolated) 
(a) (b)  (c) 2 (d) 3
(a) 4/3 (b) 0.5 m (c) 2.0 m (d) 3/4 m 2
62
101. The efficiency of Carnot’s heat engine is 0.5 when the (a) 107  J (b) 10 4  J
temperature of the source is T1 and that of sink is T2.
(c) 10 2  J (4) 103  J
The efficiency of another Carnot’s heat engine is alos
0.5. The temperature of source and sink of second engine 107. In the P-V diagram, I is the initial state and F is the final
are respectively state. The gas goes from I to F by (i) IAF, (ii) IBF, (iii)
T2 ICF. The heat absorbed by the gas is
(a) 2T1 ,2T2 (b) 2T1 ,
2
P
(c) T1  5, T2  5 (d) T1  10, T2  10
F
102. A refrigerator with coefficient of performance d releases
200 J of heat to a hot reservoir. Then the work done on A B C
the working substance is
100 200 I
J J V
(a) (b) 100 J (c) (d) 150 J3
3 3
(a) The same in all three processes
(e) 50 J
(b) The same in (i) and (ii)
103. An ideal gas expands isothermally from a volume V1 to
V 2 and then compressed to original volume V 1 (c) Greater in (i) than in (ii)
adiabatically. Initial prssure is P1 and final pressure is P3. (d) The same in (i) and (iii)
The total work done is W. Then
(e) Greater in (iii) than in (i)
(a) P3  P1,W  0 (b) P3  P1 ,W  0
108. The heat is flowing through two cylindrical rods of same
(c) P3  P1,W  0 (d) P3  P1,W  0 material. The diameters of the rods are in the ratio 1 : 2
104. A thermally insultated rigid container contains an ideal gas and their lengths are in the ratio 2 : 1. If the temperature
heated by a filament of resistance 100 through a current difference between their ends is the same, the ratio of
of 1 A for 5 min then change in internal energy is rate of flow of heat through them will be
(a) 0 kJ (b) 10 kJ (c) 20 kJ (d) 30 kJ (a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 4 (d) 1 : 8
105. A graph of pressure versus volume for an ideal gas for 109. Six identical metallic rods are joined together in a pattern
different processes is as shown. In the graph curve OC as shown in the figure. Points A and D are maintained at
represents temperature 60oC and 240oC. The temperature of the
junction B will be
P O
A
B A B C D
C
D
V (a) 120oC (b) 150oC (c) 60oC (d) 80oC
(a) Isochoric process (b) Isothermal process
110. Consider a compound slab consisting of two different
(c) Isobaric process (d) Adiabatic process materials having equal thickness and thermal conductivities
106. Heat energy absorbed by a system in going through a K and 2K respectively. The equivalent thermal conductivity
cyclic proces shown in figure is (AIIMS 1995) of the slab is
V (litre) 4 2
(a) 2K (b) 3K (c) K (d) K
30 3 3
111. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of copper is nine
times that of steel in the composite cylindrical bar shown
10 in the figure. What will be the temperature at the junction
10 30 P(kPa) of copper and steel
63
100°C 0°C (a) 1125 K (b) 2750 K

Copper Steel (c) 5500 K (d) 11000 K
18 cm 6 cm 118. A black body has maximum wavelength m at temperature

2000 K. Its corresponding wavelength at temperature 3000
(a) 75oC (b) 67oC
K will be
(c) 33oC (d) 25oC
3 2 4 9
112. Two wall s of thi ckness d1 and d 2 and thermal (a) m (b) m (c) m (d) m
2 3 9 4
conductivities k1 and k2 are in contact. In the steady state, 119. The maximum wavelength of radiation emitted at 2000 K
if the temperature at the outer surfaces are T1 and T2, the is 4  m . What will be the maximum wavelength of
temperature at the common wall is radiation emitted at 2400 K
k1T1d 2  k2T2 d1 k1T1  k2 d 2
(a) (b) (a) 3.33 m (b) 0.66 m
k1d 2  k2 d1 d1  d 2
(c) 1  m (d) 1m
 k1d1  k2 d 2  k1d1T1  k 2 d 2T2
(c)  T  T  T1T2 (d) 120. The temperature of stars is determined by
 1 2  k1d1  k2 d 2
(a) Stefan’s law
113. A slab consists of two parallel layers of copper and brass
of the same thickness and having thermal conductivities (b) Wien’s displacement law
in the ratio 1 : 4. If the free face of brass is at 100oC and (c) Kirchhoff’s law
that of copper at 0oC, the temperature of interface is
(d) Ohm’s law
(a) 80oC (b) 20oC (c) 60oC (d) 40oC
121. The rate of radiation of a black body at 0oC is EJ/s. The
114. A cylindrical rod having temperature T1 and T2 at its ends. rate of radiation of this black body at 273oC will be
The rate of flow of heat is Q1 cal/s. If all the linear
(a) 16 E (b) 8E (c) 4 E (d) E
dimensions are doubled keeping temperature constant then
122. A black body radiates energy at the rate of E W/m2 at a
rate of flow of heat Q2 will be
high temperature TK.When the temperature is reduced to
Q1 Q1 T
(a) 4Q1 (b) 2Q1 (c) (d) K , the radiant energy will be
4 2 2
115. A slab consists of two parallel layers of two different (a) E/16 (b) E/4 (c) 4E (d) 16 E
materials of same thickness having thermal conductivities 123. A sphere at temperature 600 K is placed in an environment
K1 and K2. The equivalent conductivity of the combination of temperature is 200 K. Its cooling rate is H. If its
is temperature reduced to 400 K then cooling rate in same
K1  K 2 environment will become
(a) K1  K 2 (b)
2 (a) (3/16)H (b) (16/3)H (c) (9/27) (d) (1/16)H
2 K1K 2 K1  K 2 124. Three very large plates of same area are kept parallel and
(c) K  K (4) 2 K K
1 2 1 2 close to each other. They are considered as ideal black
116. If wavelengths of maximum intensity of radiations emitted surfaces and have very high thermal conductivity. The
by the sun and the moon are 0.5  106 m and 104 m first and third plates are maintained at temperature 2T
respectively, the ratio of their temperature is and 3T respectively. The temperature of the middle (i.e.
(AIIMS 2000) second) plate under steady state condition is
1 1
(a) 1/100 (b) 1/200 (c) 100 (d) 200
 65  4  97  4
(a)   T (b)   T
117. The temperature of sun is 5500 K and it emits maximum  2   4 
intensity radiation in the yellow region (5.5 ×10–7 m). 1
The maximum radiation from a furnace occurs at  97  4 1
(c)   T
 2 
(d)  97  4 T
wavelength 11 × 10–7 m. The temperature of furnace is
64
125. The energy emitted per second by a black body at 27oC is 133. A body takes 5 minutes to cool from 90oC to 60oC. If the
10 J. If the temperature of the black body is increased to temperature of the surroundings is 20oC, the time taken
327oC, the energy emitted per second will be by it to cool from 60oC to 30oC will be
(a) 20 J (b) 40 J (c) 80 J (d) 160 J (a) 5 min (b) 8 min (c) 11 min (d) 12 min
126. If the temperature of the sun (black body) is doubled, the 134. A composite metal bar of uniform section is made up of
rate of energy received on earth will be increased by a length 25 cm of copper, 10 cm of nickel and 15 cm of
factor of aluminium. Each part being in perfect thermal contact
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 16 with the adjoining part. The copper end of the composite
rod is maintained at 100oC and the aluminium end at 0oC.
127. Two spherical black bodies of radii r1 and r2 and with
The whole rod is covered with belt so that no heat loss
surface temperature T1 and T2 respectively radiate the
occurs at the sides. If KCu = 2K Al = 3KNi, then what will
same power. Then the ratio of r1 and r2 will be
be the temperatures of Cu-Ni and Ni-Al junctions
2 4 2 4
 T2   T2   T1   T1  respectively
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 T1   T1   T2   T2 
Cu Ni Al
128. The energy spectrum of a black body exhibits a maximum
o
100 C 0oC
around a wavelength 0 . The temperature of the black
body is now changed such that the energy is maximum (a) 23.33°C & 78.8°C (b) 83.33°C & 20°C
30 (c) 50°C & 30°C (d) 30°C & 50°C
around a wavelength . The power radiated by the
4
black body will now increase by a factor of 135. A metal rod AB of length 10x has its one end A in ice at
0oC and the other end B in water at 100o C. If a point P
(a) 256/81 (b) 64/27 (c) 16/9 (d) 4/3
on the rod is maintained at 400oC, then it is found that
129. If the temperature of a hot body is increased by 50% then equal amounts of water and ice evaporate and melt per
the increase in the quantity of emitted heat radiation will unit time. The latent heat of evaporation of water is 540
be cal/g and latent heat of melting of ice is 80 cal/g. If the
(a) 125% (b) 200% (c) 300% (d) 400% point P is at a distance of  x from the ice end A, find the
130. Two identical metal balls at temperature 200oC and 400oC value of  [Neglect any heat loss to the surrounding)
kept in air at 27oC. The ratio of net heat loss by these (a) 9 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 1
bodies is 136. Five rods of same dimensions are arranged as shown in
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/2 the figure. They have thermal conductivities K1, K2, K3,
K4 and K5. When points A and B are maintained at different
4734  3004
(c) 1/16 (d) temperatures, no heat flows through the central rod if
6734  3004
(a) K1  K 4 and K 2  K 3 C
131. The radiation emitted by a star A is 10,000 times that of
K1 K2
the sun. If the surface temperatures of the sun and the (b) K1K 4  K 2 K3
star A are 6000 K and 2000 K respectively, the ratio of the A K5 B
(c) K1K 2  K3 K 4
radii of the star A and the sun is
K1 K 2 K3 K4
(a) 300 : 1 (b) 600 : 1 (d) 
K 4 K3 D
(c) 900 : 1 (d) 1200 : 1 137. A sphere, a cube and a thin circular plate, all made of the
132. A bucket full of hot water cools from 75oC to 70oC in same material and having the same mass are initially heated
time T1, from 70oC to 65oC in time T2 and from 65oC to to a temperature of 1000oC. Which one of these will cool
60oC in time T3, then first
(a) T1  T2  T 3 (b) T1  T2  T 3 (a) Plate (b) Sphere
(c) T1  T2  T 3 (d) T1  T2  T 3 (c) Cube (d) None of these
65
138. Three rods of same dimensions are arranged as shown in 143. An ideal gas is expanding such that PT 2  constant. The
figure. They have thermal conductivities K1, K2 and K3. coefficient of volume expansion of the gas is
The points P and Q are maintained at different temperatures 1 2 3 4
for the heat to flow at the same rate along PRQ and PQ (a) (b) (c) (d)
T T T T
then which of the following options is correct
144. The quantities of heat required to raise the temperatures
R
of two copper spheres of radii r1 and r2 (r1 = 1.5 r2)
K1 K2 through 1 K are in the ratio of
27 9 3
P K3 Q (a) (b) (c) (d) 1
8 4 2
1 145. 1 g of ice and 1 g of steam are mixed together. The amount
(a) K3   K1  K 2  (b) K 3  K1  K 2
2 of water in the mixture is
K1K 2 4 1
(a) g (b) g (c) 2g (d) zero
(c) K 3  K  K (d) K3  2  K1  K 2  3 3
1 2
146. 0.1 m3 of water at 80oC is mixed wtih 0.3m3 of water at
139. Which of the following graphs correctly represents the 60oC. The final temperature of the mixture is
relation between E and ln E and ln T where E is the amount
(a) 65oC (b) 70oC (c) 60oC (d) 75oC
of radiation emitted per unit time from unit area of a body
and T is the absolute temperature 147. Two spherical bodies P (radius 9 cm) and Q (radius 27
cm) are at temperatures TP and TQ respectively. If the
ln E ln E maximum intensities in the emission spectra of P and Q
are, respectively, at 300 nm and 900 nm, what is the
(a) (b) ratio of the rate of energy radiated by P to that by Q ?
ln T ln T (a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9
ln E ln E 148. Consider a blackbody radiation in a cubical box at absolute
temperature T. If the length of each side of the box is
doubled and the temperature of the walls of the box and
(c) (d)
ln T that of the radiation is halved, then the total energy
ln T
0 (a) halves (b) doubles
140. Water is heated from 0oC to 10oC, then its volume
(c) quadruples (d) remains the same
(a) increases
149. Two sphers A and B having radii of 3 cm and 5 cm
(b) first decreases and then increases respectively are coated with carbon black on their outer
(c) decreases surfaces. The wavelengths of radiations corresponding
(d) does not change to maximum intensity of emission are 300 nm and 500
nm respectively. The respective powers radiated by them
141. In anomalous expansion of water, at what temperature,
are in the ratio of
the density of water is maximum?
2 4
(a) > 4oC (b) 4oC (c) 10oC (d) < 4oC 5 5 5 5
(a) (b) (c)   (d)  
3 3  3  3
142. If an anisotropic solid has coefficients of linear expansion
 x ,  y &  z for three mutually perpendicular directions 150. A solid cylinder of radius R made of a material of thermal
in the solid, its coefficient of volume expansion will be conductivity K1 is surrounded by a cylindrical shell of
inner radius R and outer radius 2R made of a material of
 x ,  y ,  z 
1/ 3
(a) (b)  x   y   z thermal conductivity K2. The two ends of the combined
system are maintained at two different temperatures. Then
   
1/ 2 2
(c)  x2   y2   z2 (d) x   y  z there is no loss of heat across the cylindrical surface and
66
the system is in steady state. The effective thermal 155. Which one of the following is m -T graph for pefectly
conductivity of the system is black body? m is the frequency of radiation with
K1K 2 maximum intensity. T is the absolutely temperature.
(a) K1  K 2 (b) K  K
vm (Hz)
1 2
A B
3K1  K 2 K1  3K 2 D
(c) (d)
4 4 C
151. Two stars A and B radiate maximum energy at the
wavelengths of 360 nm and 480 nm respectively. Then T (K)
the ratio of the surface temperatures of A and B is (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
(a) 3 : 4 (b) 81 : 256 (c) 4 : 3 (d) 256 : 81 156. Two slabs are of the thickness d1 and d2. Their thermal
152. Two conductors having same width and length, thickness conductivities are K1 and K2 respectively. They are in
d1 and d2, thermal conductivity K1 and K2 are placed one series. The free ends of the combination of these two
above the another. Find the equivalent themal slabs are kept at temperatures 1 and 2 . Assume 1   2 .
conductivity. (AIIMS 2012) The temperature  of their common junction is
 d1  d 2  K1d 2  K 2d1  K11  K 2 2 K11d1  K 2 2 d 2

(a) (a) 1   2 (b) K1d 2  K 2 d1
2  K1  K 2 
 d1  d 2  K1d 2  K 2 d1  K11d 2  K 2 2 d1 K11  K 2 2
(b) 2  K1  K 2  (c) (d)
K1d 2  K 2 d1 K1  K 2
K1d1  K 2 d 2 157. Experimental investigations show that the intensity of solar
(c) d1  d 2 radiation is maximum for a wavelength 480 nm in the
K1  K 2 visible region. Estimate the surface temperature of sun.
(d) d  d
1 2 Given Wien’s constant b = 2.88 ×10–3 mK.
153. A, B and C are the three identical conductors but made (a) 4000 K (b) 6000 K (c) 8000 K (d) 106 K
from different materials. They are kept in contact as 158. The temperature of a radiating body increases by 30%.
K
shown. Their thermal conductivities are K, 2K and . Then, the increase in the amount of radiation emitted will
2
be approximately
The free end of A is at 100oC and the free end of C is at
0oC. During steady state, the temperature of the junction (a) 185% (b) 285% (c) 325% (d) 245%
of A and B is nearly....oC. (e) 130%
A B C 159. The amount of heat energy radiated by a metal at
temperature T is E. When the temperature is increased to
3T, energy radiated is
o
100 C 0oC
(a) 81 E (b) 9 E (c) 3 E (d) 27 E
160. The coefficient of the thermal conductivity of copper is 9
(a) 71 (b) 29 (c) 63 (d) 37
times that of steel. In the composite cylindrical bar shown
154. Three identical rods A, B and C are placed end to end. A in the figure, what will be the temperature at the junction
temperature difference is maintained between the free ends of copper and steel?
of A and C. The thermal conductivity of B is thrice that of
C and half of that of A. The effective thermal conductivity 100oC 0oC
of the system will be Copper Steel
(KA is the thermal conductivity of rod A)

18 cm 6 cm
1 2
(a) K A (b) 3K A (c) 2 K A (d) K A (a) 25oC (b) 33oC (c) 75oC (d) 67oC
3 3
67
161. A black body emits radiations of maximum intensity for 167. A system is taken from a given initial state to a given final
the wavelength of 5000 Å when the temperature of the state along two different paths represented on P-V diagram.
body is 1277oC. If the temperature of the body is increased The value of Q and W are given fro these two different
by 1000oC, the maximum intensity would be observed at paths. Which quantity is same for both the paths?
(a) 1000 Å (b) 2000 Å Q
(a) Q  W (b) Q  W (c) (d) QW
(c) 5000 Å (d) 4000 Å W
(e) 3000 Å Q
(e)
162. Two identical rods AC and CB made of two different metals W
having thermal conductivities in the ratio 2 : 3 are kept in 168. For one mole of monoatomic gas, work done at constant
contact with each other at the end C as shown in the pressure is W. The heat supplied at constant volume for
figure. A is at 100oC and B is at 25oC. Then the junction the same rise in temperature of the gas is
C is at
(a) W/2 (b) 3W/2 (c) 5W/2 (d) W
A C B
169. Heat is supplied to a diatomic gas at constant pressure.
100°C  25°C
The ratio of Q : U :  is
(a) 55oC (b) 60oC (c) 75oC (d) 50oC (a) 5 : 3 : 2 (b) 7 : 5 : 2
163. The surface temperature of the sun which has maximum (c) 2 : 3 : 5 (d) 2 : 5 : 7
energy emission at 500 nm is 6000 K. The temperature of 170. 310 J of heat is required to raise the temperature of 2
a star which has maximum energy emission at 400 nm moles of an ideal gas at constant pressure from 25oC to
will be 35oC. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature
(a) 8500 K (2) 4500 K (c) 7500 K (d) 6500 K of the gas through the same range at constant volume is
164. Three identical thermal conductors are connected as shown (a) 384 J (b) 144 J
in the figure. Considering no heat loss due to readiation, (c) 276 J (d) 452 J
the temperature at the junction is 171. One mole of an ideal gas is taken from A to B, from B to
60oC
C and then back to A. The variation of its volume with
temperature for that change is as shown. Its pressure at
20oC A is P0, volume is V0. Then, the internal energy
70oC V A
(a) 60o C (b) 20o C (c) 50o C (d) 10o C
165. A hot body is allowed to cool. The surrounding temperature
is constant at 30oC. The body takes time t1 to cool from B C
90oC to 89oC and time t2 to cool from 60oC to 59.5oC. T
Then,
(a) at A is more than at B
t1 (b) at C is less than at B
(a) t2  2t1 (b) t2  (c) t2  4t1 (d) t2  t1
2
(c) at B is more than at A
166. A hot liquid is filled in a container and kept in a room of
(d) at A and B are equal
temperature of 25oC. The liquid emits heat at the rate of
172. A gas is expanded from volume V1 to volume V2 in three
200 J s–1 when its temp is 75oC. When the temperature
processes, shown in the figure. If UA, UB, UC and UD
of the liquid becomes 40oC, the rate of heat loss in Js–1 is
represent the internal energies of the gas when in state A,
(a) 160 (b) 140 (c) 80 (d) 60
B, C and D respectively, then which of the following is
(e) 40 not correct?
68
P A Isobaric 178. To decrease the pressure of a gas by 2% at constant

B
Isothermal
temperature, the volue should be
C (a) increased by 20% (b) decreased by 20%
Adiabatic
D
(c) increased by 25% (d) decreased by 25%
V1 V2
V 179. Assuming the expression for the pressure exerted by the
(a) U B  U A  0 (b) U C  U A  0 gas on the walls of the container, it can be shown that
(c) U D  U A  0 (d) U B  U C  U D pressure is
173. At 27 oC, a gas is suddenly compressed such that its rd

1 
th (a)   kinetic energy per unit volume of a gas
1 3
pressure becomes   of original pressure.
8
rd
 5 2
Temperature of the gas will be     (b)  
3
kinetic energy per unit volume of a gas
 3
(a) 420 K (b) 327oC (c) 300 K (d) –142oC th

3
174. During an adiabatic process, the cube of the pressure is (c)   kinetic energy per unit volume of a gas
4
found to be inversely proportional to the fourth power of
the volume. Then the ratio of specific heats is 3
(d)  kinetic energy per unit volume of a gas
2
(a) 1 (b) 1.33 (c) 1.67 (d) 1.4
188. The average translational kinetic energy of O2 molecules
175. The efficiency of Carnot’s heat engine is 0.5 when the
(relative molar mass 32) at a particular temperature is
temperature of the source is T1 and that of sink is T2 .
0.048 eV. The translational kinetic energy of N2 molecules
The efficiency of another Carnot’s heat engine is also
(relative molar mass 28) in eV at the same temperature is
0.5. The temperature of source and sink of the second
engine are respectively (a) 0.0015 (b) 0.003 (c) 0.048 (d) 0.768
T2 181. The ratio of rms speed of an ideal gas molecules at pressure

(a) 2T1 , 2T2 (b) 2T1 , P to that at pressure 2P is
2
(c) T1  5, T2  5 (d) T1  10, T2  10 (a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 1: 2 (d) 2 :1
176. Pressure versus temperature graph of an ideal gas is as (e) 1 : 1
shown in figure. Density of the gas at point A is  0 .
182. A certain gas is taken to the five states represented by
Density at point B will be (AIIMS 2010)
dots in the graph. The plotted lines are isotherms. Order
P of the most probable speed v p of the molecules at these
five states is (AIIMS 2008)
3P0 B
P0 A P
1
T 3
T0 2T0 2
3 3 4 5
(a) 0 (b) 0 (c) 0 (d) 2  0 4
V
4 2 3
177. The temperature of a gas contained in a closed vessel of (a) v p at 3  v p at 1  v p at 2  v p at 4  v p at 5
constant volume increases by 1oC when the pressure of
(b) v p at 1  vp at 2  vp at 3  vp at 4  v p at 5
the gas is increased by 1%. The initial temperature of the
gas is (c) v p at 3  vp at 2  vp at 4  vp at 1  v p at 5
(a) 100 K (b) 273oC (c) 100oC (d) 200 K (d) insufficient information to predict the result
69
183. 3 mole of hydrogen is mixed with 1 mole of neon. The 2. A steel tape 1 m long is correctly calibrated for a
molar specific heat at constant pressure is (AIIMS 2014) temperature of 27.0°C. The length of a steel rod
measured by this tape is found to be 63.0 cm on a hot
9R 9R 13R 13R
(a) (b) (c) (d) day when the temperature is 45.0°C. What is the actual
4 2 4 2
length of the steel rod on that day? What is the length
184. The average degree of freedom per molecule for a gas is of the same steel rod on a day when the temperature is
6. The gas performs 25 J of work when it expands at 27.0°C? Coefficient of linear expansion of steel
constant pressure. The heat absorbed by the gas is –5
= 1.20 × 10 K .
–1
(a) 75 J (b) 100 J (c) 150 J (d) 125 J 3. A large steel wheel is to be fitted on to a shaft of the
185. Let vrms , vmp and vavg represent the root mean square, same material. At 27°C, the outer diameter of the shaft
the most probable and the average velocities respectively, is 8.70 cm and the diameter of the central hole in the
in case of a gaseous system in equilibrium at certain wheel is 8.69 cm. The shaft is cooled using ‘dry ice’.
temperature. Then, (vrms )2 : (vmp )2 : (vavg ) 2 is At what temperature of the shaft does the wheel slip on
the shaft? Assume coefficient of linear expansion of the
(a) 8 : 3 : 2 (b) 8 : 2 : 3 steel to be constant over the required temperature
(c) 3 : 2 : 8 (d) 3 : 2 : 8 range : steel  1.20  105 K 1
Cp 4. A hole is drilled in a copper sheet. The diameter of the
186. The ratio   for a gas. Its molecular weight is M.
Cv hole is 4.24 cm at 27.0°C. What is the change in the
Its specific heat capacity at constant pressure is diameter of the hole when the sheet is heated to
R R 227°C? Coefficient of linear expansion of copper
(a)   1 (b)   1 –5 –1
= 1.70 × 10 K .
R  RM 5. A brass wire 1.8 m long at 27°C is held taut with little
(c) M    1 (d)   1 tension between two rigid supports. If the wire is
cooled to a temperature of –39°C, what is the tension
187. If cP and cV denote the specific heats of nitrogen per
developed in the wire, if its diameter is 2.0 mm?
unit mass at constant pressure and constant volume –5 –1
Coefficient of linear expansion of brass = 2.0×10 K
respectively, then
(a) cP  cV  28 / R (b) cP  cV  R / 28 ; Young’s modulus of brass  0.91 1011 Pa.
(c) cP  cV  R /14 (d) cP  cV  R 6. A brass rod of length 50 cm and diameter 3.0 mm is

joined to a steel rod of the same length and diameter.
188. 1 mole of monatomic and 1 mole of diatomic gas are
What is the change in length of the combined rod at
mixed together. The value of CV for the mixture is
250°C, if the original lengths are at 40.0°C? Is there a
(a) 2R (b) (3/2)R (3) R (d) R/2 ‘thermal stress’ developed at the junction? the ends of
189. If d is the average diameter of the molecule, then the the rod are free to expand (Coefficient of linear
–5 –1
mean free path of the molecules between two successive expansion of brass = 2.0 × 10 °C , steel
–5 –1
collisions is proportional to = 1.2 × 10 °C ).
1 1 7. The coefficient of volume expansion of glycerine is
(a) d (b) d2 (c) (d) 2 –5 –1
d d 49 × 10 C . What is the fractional change in its
1 density for a 30°C rise in temperature?
(e)
d3 8. A 10 kW drilling machine is used to drill a bore in a
NCERT Exercise small aluminium block of mass 8.0 kg. How much is
the rise in temperature of the block in 2.5 minutes,
1. Two absolute scales A and B have triple points of water assuming 50% of power is used up in heating the
defined to be 200 A and 350 B. What is the relation machine itself or lost to the surroundings. Specific heat
between TA and TB? –1 –1
of aluminium = 0.91 J g °C .
70
9. A copper block of mass 2.5 kg is heated in a furnace to 18. Estimate the total number of air molecules (inclusive of
a temperature of 500°C and then placed on a large ice oxygen, nitrogen, water vapour and other constituents)
3
block. What is the maximum amount of ice that can in a room of capacity 25.0 m at a temperature of
–1 –1
melt? (Specific heat of copper = 0.39 J g °C ; heat 27°C and 1 atm pressure.
–1
of fusion of water = 335 J g ). 19. At what temperature is the root mean square speed of
10. A ‘thermocole’ icebox is a cheap and efficient method an atom in an argon gas cylinder equal to the rms
for storing small quantities of cooked food in summer speed of a helium gas atom at –20°C? (atomic mass of
in particular. A cubical icebox of side 30 cm has a Ar = 39.9 u, of He = 4.0 u).
thickness of 5.0 cm. If 4.0 kg of ice is put in the box,
estimate the amount of ice remaining after 6 h. The
NCERT Exemplar
outside temperature is 45°C, and co-efficient 20. A bimetallic strip is made of aluminium and steel
of thermal conductivity of thermocole is   Al  steel  . On heating, the strip will
–1 –1 –1
0.01 J s m K . [Heat of fusion of water (a) remain straight (b) get twisted
3 –1
= 335 × 10 J kg ]
(c) will bend with aluminium on concave side
2
11. A brass boiler has a base area of 0.15 m and thickness
–1 (d) will bend with steel on concave side.
1.0 cm. It boils water at the rate of 6.0 kg min when
placed on a gas stove. Estimate the temperature of the 21. A uniform metallic rod rotates about its perpendicular
part of the flame in contact with the boiler. Thermal bisector with constant angular speed. If it is heated
–1 –1
conductivity of brass = 109 J s m K ; Heat of
–1 uniformly to raise its temperature slightly
3 –1 (a) its speed of rotation increases
vaporisation of water = 2256 × 10 J kg .
12. A body cools from 80°C to 50°C in 5 minutes. (b) its speed of rotation decreases
Calculate the time it takes to cool from 60°C to 30°C. (c) its speed of rotation remains same
The temperature of the surroundings is 20°C. (d) its speed increases because its moment of inertia
13. A cylinder with a movable piston contains 3 moles of increases
hydrogen at standard temperature and pressure. The 22. The graph between two temperature scales A and B is
walls of the cylinder are made of a heat insulator, and shown in figure. Between upper fixed point and lower
the piston is insulated by having a pile of sand on it. By fixed point there are 150 equal division on scale A and
what factor does the pressure of the gas increase if the 100 on scale B. The relationship for conversion
gas is compressed to half its original volume? between the two scales is given by
8
14. A steam engine delivers 5.4 × 10 J of work per minute
9
and services 3.6 ×10 J of heat per minute from its 180
boiler. What is the efficiency of the engine? How much
Temperature (°A)
heat is wasted per minute?

15. An electric heater supplies heat to a system at a rate of TA = 150°
100 W. If system performs work at a rate of 75 joules
per second. At what rate is the internal energy
increasing?
16. A refrigerator is to maintain eatables kept inside at 9°C. TB = 100°
If room temperature is 36°C, calculate the coefficient
0 Temperature (°B) 100
of performance.
3
17. An air bubble of volume 1.0 cm rises from the bottom TA  180 TB TB  30 TB
(a)  (b) 
of a lake 40 m deep at a temperature of 12 °C. To what 100 150 150 100
volume does it grow when it reaches the surface, TB  180 TA TB  40 TA
(c)  (d) 
which is at a temperature of 35°C? 150 100 100 180
71
23. An aluminium sphere is dipped into water. Which of the (b) Sphere will cool fastest and cube the slowest.
following is true? (c) Plate will cool fastest and sphere the slowest.
(a) Buoyancy will be less in water at 0°C than that in (d) Cube will cool fastest and plate the slowest.
water at 4°C.
28. ‘Gulab Jamuns’ (assumed to be spherical) are to be
(b) Buoyancy will be more in water at 0°C than that in heated in an oven. They are available in two sizes, one
water at 4°C. twice bigger (in radius) than the other. Pizzas (assumed
(c) Buoyancy in water at 0°C will be same as that in to be discs) are also to be heated in oven. They are also
water at 4°C. in two sizes, one twice big (in radius) than the other.
(d) Buoyancy may be more or less in water at 4°C All four are put together to be heated to oven
depending on the radius of the sphere. temperature. Choose the correct option from the
following:
24. As the temperature is increased, the time period of a
pendulum (a) Both size gulab jamuns will get heated in the same
time.
(a) increases as its effective length increases even
though its centre of mass still remains at the centre (b) Smaller gulab jamuns are heated before bigger
of the bob. ones.
(b) decreases as its effective length increases even (c) Smaller pizzas are heated before bigger ones.
though its centre of mass still remains at the centre (d) Bigger pizzas are heated before smaller ones.
of the bob.
29. Refer to the plot of temperature versus time (see
(c) increases as its effective length increases due to figure) showing the changes in the state of ice on
shifting of centre of mass below the centre of the heating (not to scale).
bob.
Which of the following is correct?
(d) decreases as its effective length remains same but E
the centre of mass shifts above the centre of the
Temperature (°C)
bob. 100 D
C
25. Heat is associated with
(a) kinetic energy of random motion of molecules
A B
(b) kinetic energy of orderly motion of molecules O
tm time (min)
(c) total kinetic energy of random and orderly motion (a) The region AB represents ice and water in thermal
of molecules equilibrium.
(d) kinetic energy of random motion in some cases (b) At B water starts boiling.
and kinetic energy of orderly motion in other. (c) At C all the water gets converted into steam.
26. The radius of a metal sphere at room temperature T is (d) C to D represents water and steam in equilibrium at
R, and the coefficient of linear expansion of the metal boiling point.
is . The sphere is heated a little by a temperature T 30. Find out the increase in moment of inertia l of a
so that its new temperature is  T  T  . The increase uniform rod (coefficient of linear expansion  ) about
in the volume of the sphere is approximately its perpendicular bisector when its temperature is
(a) 2RT (b) R 2T slightly increased by T .
(c) 4 R 3T / 3 (d) 4R 3T 31. Calculate the stress developed inside a tooth cavity
filled with copper when hot tea at temperature of 57°C
27. A sphere, a cube and a thin circular plate, all of same
is drunk. You can take body (tooth) temperature to be
material and same mass, are initially heated to same
high temperature. 37°C and   1.7  105 C1 , bulk modulus for copper
(a) Plate will cool fastest and cube the slowest.  140  109 N m 2 .
72
32. A rail track made of steel having length 10 m is

clamped on a railway line at its two ends (see figure). P
On a summer day due to rise in temperature by 20° C,
2P0 D C
it is deformed as shown in figure. Find x (displacement
of the centre) if steel steel  1.2  105 °C1 . P0 B
A
L
V
x V0 3V0
1/2(L + L)
(a) 6 P0V0 (b) –2 P0V0 (c) +2 P0V0 (d) +4 P0V0
33. A thin rod having length L0 at 0°C and coefficient of
37. consider two containers A and B containing identical
linear expansion  has its two ends maintained at
gases at the same pressure, volume and temperature.
temperatures 1 and 2, respectively. Find its new
The gas in container A is compressed to half of its
length.
3
original volume isothermally while the gas in container
34. If an average person jogs, he produces 14.5 × 10 cal B is compressed to half of its original value
–1
min . This is removed by the evaporation of sweat. adiabatically. The ratio of final pressure of gas in B to
The amount of sweat evaporated per minute (assuming that of gas in A is
3
1 kg requires 580 × 10 cal for evaporation) is
1
(a) 0.25 kg (b) 2.25 kg 1
(a) 2 1 (b)  
(c) 0.05 kg (d) 0.20 kg 2
35. Consider P-V diagram for an ideal gas shown in figure. 2 2

 1   1 
P 1 (c)   (d)  
Constant 1     1
P= V
38. Three copper blocks of masses M1, M2 and M3 kg
2 respectively are brought into thermal contact till they
V reach equilibrium. Before contact, they were at T1, T2,
Out of the following diagrams, which represents the T3 (T1 > T2 > T3). Assuming there is no heat loss to
T-P diagram? the surroundings, the equilibrium temperature T is (s is
T 2 T 2 specific heat of copper)
T1  T2  T3
(i) 1 (ii) (a) T 
1 3
P P
M1T1  M 2T2  M3T3
(b) T 
T T M1  M 2  M 3
2 1 1 2 M1T1  M 2 T2  M 3T3
(iii) (iv) (c) T  3  M  M  M 
1 2 3
P P
M1T1s  M 2 T2s  M 3T3s
(a) (iv) (b) (ii) (d) T  M1  M 2  M 3
(c) (iii) (d) (i)
39. Figure given below shows the P-V diagram of an ideal
36. An ideal gas undergoes cyclic process ABCDA as gas undergoing a change of state from A to B. Four
shown in given P-V diagram. The amount of work different parts I, II, III and IV as shown in the figure
done by the gas is may lead to the same change of state.
73
43. Consider a cycle tyre being filled with air by a pump.

P I Let V be the volume of the tyre (fixed) and at each
stroke of the pump V   V  of air is transferred to
IV
the tube adiabatically. What is the work done when the
II
A pressure in the tube is increased from P1 to P2?
B
III 44. In a refrigerator one removes heat from a lower
V temperature and deposits to the surroundings at a
(a) Change in internal energy is same in IV and III higher temperature. In this process, mechanical work
cases, but not in I and II. has to be done, which is provided by an electric motor.
If the motor is of 1 kW power, and heat is transferred
(b) Change in internal energy is same in all the four
from –3 °C to 27 °C, find the heat taken out of the
cases.
refrigerator per second assuming its efficiency is 50%
(c) Work done is maximum in case I of a perfect engine.
(d) Work done is minimum in case II.
45. If the co-efficient of performance of a refrigerator is 5
40. Consider a heat engine as shown in figure. Q1 and Q2 and operates at the room temperature (27°C), find the
are heat added to heat bath T1 and heat taken from T2 temperature inside the refrigerator.
in one cycle of engine. W is the mechanical work done
46. Consider a P-V diagram in which the path followed by
on the engine.
one mole of perfect gas in a cylindrical container is
If W > 0, then possibilities are : shown in figure.
T1
P 1(P1, V1, T1)
Q1
W PV1/2 = constant
Q2 2(P2, V2, T2)
T2
V
(a) Q1 > Q2 > 0 (b) Q2 > Q1 > 0 V1 V2
(c) Q2 < Q1 < 0 (d) Q1 < 0, Q2 > 0

(a) Find the work done when the gas is taken from
41. A system goes from P to Q by two different paths in state 1 to state 2.
the P-V diagram as shown in figure. Heat given to the
system in path 1 is 1000 J. The work done by the (b) What is the ratio of temperature T1/T2, if
system along path 1 is more than path 2 by 100 J. V2 = 2V1?
What is the heat exchanged by the system in path 2? (c) given the internal energy for one mole of gas at
P temperature T is (3/2) RT, find the heat supplied to
1 Q the gas when it is taken from state 1 to 2, with
2 V2 = 2V1.
P
47. A cubic vessel (with faces horizontal + vertical
V contains an ideal gas at NTP. The vessel is being
42. A person of mass 60 kg wants to lose 5 kg by going up carried by a rocket which is moving at a speed of
–1
and down a 10 m high stairs. Assume he burns twice 500 m s in vertical direction. The pressure of the gas
as much fat while going up than coming down. If 1 kg inside the vessel as observed by us on the ground
of fat is burnt on expending 7000 kilo calories, how (a) remains the same because 500 m s
–1
is very much
many times must he go up and down to reduce his smaller than vrms of the gas.
weight by 5 kg?
74
(b) remains the same because motion of the vessel as a V

whole does not affect the relative motion of the gas (l) P2
molecules and the walls. 40

P1
30
(c) will increase by a factor equal to
20
2
 v 2rms   500 2  v rms , where v rms was the original 10
100 200 300 400 500 T(k)
mean square velocity of the gas.
(a) P1 > P2 (b) P1 = P2
(d) will be different on the top wall and bottom wall of
(c) P1 < P2 (d) data is insufficient
the vessel.
51. 1 mole of H2 gas is contained in a box of volume
48. 1 mole of an ideal gas is contained in a cubical volume 3
V = 1.00 m at T = 300 K. The gas is heated to a
V, ABCDEFGH at 300 K as shown in figure. One face
temperature of T = 3000 K and the gas gets converted
of the cube (EFGH) is made up of a material which
to a gas of hydrogen atoms. The final pressure would
totally absorbs any gas molecule incident on it. At any
be (considering all gases to be ideal)
given time,
(a) same as the pressure initially.
B C (b) 2 times the pressure initially.
A D (c) 10 times the pressure initially.
(d) 20 times the pressure initially.
G
F 52. A vessel of volume V contains a mixture of 1 mole of
E H hydrogen and 1 mole of oxygen (both considered as
ideal). Let f1(v)dv denote the fraction of molecules
(a) the pressure on EFGH would be zero.
with speed between v and (v + dv) with f2(v)dv,
(b) the pressure on all the faces will be equal.
similarly for oxygen. Then
(c) the pressure of EFGH would be double the (a) f1  v   f 2  v   f  v  obeys the Maxwell’ss
pressure on ABCD. distribution law.
(d) the pressure on EFGH would be half that on (b) f1  v  ,f 2  v  will obey the Maxwell’s distribution
ABCD. law separately.
49. A cylinder containing an ideal gas is in vertical position (c) Neither f1(v) nor f2(v) will obey the Maxwell’s
and has a piston of mass M that is able to move up or distribution law.
down without friction. If the temperature is increased, (d) f1(v) and f2(v) will be the same.
M 53. An inflated rubber balloon contains one mole of an ideal

gas, has a pressure P, volume V and temperature T. If
the temperature rises to 1.1 T, and the volume is
increased to 1.05V, the final pressure will be
(a) 1.1 P (b) P
(a) both P and V of the gas will change. (c) less than P (d) between P and 1.1
(b) only P will increase according to Charle’s law. 54. In a diatomic molecule, the rotational energy at a given
temperature
(c) V will change but not P.
(a) obeys Maxwell’s distribution.
(d) P will change but not V.
(b) have the same value for all molecules.
50. Volume versus temperature graphs for a given mass of (c) equals the translational kinetic energy for each
an ideal gas are shown in figure at two different values molecule.
of constant pressure. What can be inferred about rd
(d) is (2/3) the translational kinetic energy for each
relation between P1 and P2 ? molecule.
75
55. Which of the following diagrams Figure depicts ideal

gas behaviour?
NEET-2021
1. Match Column-I and Column-II and choose the correct
match from the given character
V P T = const Column-I Column-II
(a) P = const (b)
1
(A) Root mean square (P) nmv 2
T V 3
speed of gas molecular
3RT
(B) Pressure exerted by (Q)
M
(c) P V = const (d) PV
ideal gas
T T 5
(C) Average kinetic (R) RT
56. Two molecules of a gas have speeds of 9  10 6 ms 1 2
energy
and 1  10m s 1 , respectively. What is the root mean
3
square speed of these molecules. (D) Total internal energy (S) k BT
2
57. A gas mixture consists of 2.0 moles of oxygen and of 1 mole of a
0.4 moles of neon at temperature T. Neglecting all diatomic gas
vibrational modes, calculate the total internal energy of
(a) (A) - (R), (B) - (P), (C) - (S), (D) - (Q)
the system. (Oxygen has two rotational modes.)
(b) (A) - (Q), (B) - (R), (C) - (S), (D) - (P)
58. Calculate the ratio of the mean free paths of the
(c) (A) - (Q), (B) - (P), (C) - (S), (D) - (R)
molecules of two gases having molecular diameters
(d) (A) - (R), (B) - (Q), (C) - (P), (D) - (S)
1 Å and 2 Å. The gases may be considered under
identical conditions of temperature, pressure and 2. A cup of coffee cools from 90°C to 80°C in t minutes,
volume. when the room temperature is 20°C. The time taken by
a similar cup of coffee to cool from 80°C to 60°C at a
59. The container shown in figure has two chambers,
room temperature same at 20°C is :
separated by a partition, of volumes V1 = 2.0 litre and
13 13
V2 = 3.0 litre. The chambers contain 1  4.0 and (a) t (b) t
10 5
 2  5.0 moles of a gas at pressures P1 = 1.00 atm
10 5
and P2 = 2.00 atm. Calculate the pressure after the (c) t (d) t
13 13
partition is removed and the mixture attains equilibrium.
V1 V2
1,P1 1
P2
60. Calculate the number of degrees of freedom of

molecules of hydrogen in 1 cc of hydrogen gas at
NTP.
61. An insulated container containing monoatomic gas of
molar mass m is moving with a velocity v0. If the
container is suddenly stopped, find the change in
temperature.
76
Answers Heat & Thermodynamics and Kinetic Theory

Integer Type
IIT Section
1. 8 2. 3 3. 2 4. 8
One Correct Answer
Match the Column
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (d)
1. (c) 2. (A)–(p, r, t) (B)–(p, r) (C)–(q, s) (D)–(r, t)
5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (c)
3. (a)
9. (a) 10. (d) 11. (d) 12. (a)
13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (c) 16. (b) JEE main (AIEEE)
17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (c) 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (d)
21. (a) 22. (a) 23. (a) 24. (a) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (a)
25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (b) 9. (a) 10. (d) 11. (d) 12. (c)
29. (a) 30. (c) 31. (a) 32. (d) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (b) 16. (c)
33. (c) 34. (d) 35. (b) 36. (d) 17. (a) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (a)
37. (c) 38. (c) 39. (d) 40. (b) 21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (c) 24. (b)
41. (a) 42. (b) 43. (a) 44. (b) 25. (c) 26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (a)
45. (c) 46. (d) 29. (b) 30. (a) 31. (a) 32. (a)
More than one correct 33. (b) 34. (d) 35. (c) 36. (b)
37. (a) 38. (c) 39. (b) 40. (a)
1. (a,c) 2. (b,c,d) 3. (a,b,c) 4. (a,c,d)
41. (d) 42. (b) 43. (d) 44. (b, c)
5. (a,b) 6. (b,d) 7. (b,d) 8. (a,c,d)
45. (d) 46. (a) 47. (b) 48. (d)
9. (a) 10. (c,d) 11. (c) 12. (b,d)
49. (c) 50. (d) 51. (d) 52. (b)
13. (d) 14. (b,c) 15. (d) 16. (b)
53. (c) 54. (d) 55. (a) 56. (a)
17. (b) 18. (a,b) 19. (a,b,d) 20. (b)
57. (c) 58. (c) 59. (d) 60. (c)
21. (d) 22. (a,b,c,d) 23. (c) 24. (a)
61. (a) 62. (a) 63. (b) 64. (b)
25. (b) 26. (a)
65. (a)
Fill in the blanks
1. 5.5 min 2. 192° 3. 60°C 4. 0.628
JEE main (Online)
1. (b) 2. 46 3. (c) 4. (d)
Pt 4 R 2 KT
5. 300 K 6. L fusion  7. t 
m P 5. (b) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. 20
9. (c) 10. (a) 11. (b) 12. 8791
8. 1.71 rc 9. 5803 K 10. 0°C 11. 2T
13. (a) 14. (a) 15. 266.67 16. (a)
12. Partly solid partily liquid 13. 4 cal
17. 150 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (c)
True/False 21. (d) 22. (d) 23. 40.93 24. (d)
1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 25. 5.00 26. (a) 27. (c) 28. (b)
5. F 6. F 7. F 8. F
29. 19.00 30. (a) 31. (b) 32. (600)
77
33. (60) 34. (c) 35. (a) 36. (40) 25. (a) 26. (d) 27. (b) 28. (d)
37. (d) 38. (d) 39. (c) 40. (b) 29. (c) 30. (*) 31. (a) 32. (b)
41. (50) 42. (b) 43. (d) 44. (c) 33. (b) 34. (a) 35. (a) 36. (c)
45. (1818.00) 46. (a) 47. (c) 48. (d) 37. (d) 38. (b) 39. (c) 40. (d)
49. (c) 50. (b) 51. (b) 52. (d) 41. (a) 42. (d) 43. (c) 44. (a)
53. (d) 54. (b) 55. (a) 56. (c) 45. (a) 46. (d) 47. (d) 48. (b)
57. (c) 58. (a) 59. (c) 60. (c) 49. (b) 50. (c) 51. (c) 52. (c)
61. (c) 62. (b) 63. (d) 64. (b) 53. (a) 54. (a) 55. (d) 56. (c)
65. (c) 66. (b) 67. (a) 68. (d) 57. (b) 58. (c) 59. (c) 60. (b)
69. (d) 70. (c) 71. (d) 72. (a) 61. (c) 62. (a) 63. (d) 64. (c)
73. (c) 74. (a) 75. (a) 76. (d) 65. (d) 66. (d) 67. (c) 68. (a)
77. (b) 78. (d) 79. (b) 80. (c) 69. (d) 70. (c) 71. (d) 72. (d)
81. (b) 82. (b) 83. (a) 84. (b) 73. (c) 74. (b) 75. (b) 76. (a, b, c)
85. (a) 86. (b) 87. (d) 88. (d)

NEET (AIPMT)
89. (c) 90. (b) 91. (a) 92. (b)
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c)
93. (c) 94. (a) 95. (b) 96. (d)
5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (c)
97. (a) 98. (c) 99. (d) 100. (b)
9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (d) 12. (b)
101. (d) 102. (c) 103. (a) 104. (c)
13. (d) 14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (c)
105. (d) 106. (b) 107. (a) 108. (d)
17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (c)
109. (c) 110. (d) 111. (d) 112. (b)
21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (c)
113. (b) 114. (d) 115. (d) 116. (a)
25. (b) 26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (a)
117. (a) 118. (c) 119. (c) 120. (b)
29. (b) 30. (d) 31. (b) 32. (d)
121. (b) 122. (d) 123. (a) 124. (b)
33. (d) 34. (a) 35. (d) 36. (d)
125. (b) 126. (c) 127. (b) 128. (c)
37. (a) 38. (a) 39. (d) 40. (a)
129. (d) 130. (d) 131. (d) 132. (d)
41. (a) 42. (b) 43. (a) 44. (c)
133. (d) 134. (b) 135. (c) 136. (c)
45. (b) 46. (c) 47. (a) 48. (a)
137. (c) 138. (a) 139. (c) 140. (c)
49. (b) 50. (d) 51. (a) 52. (a)
141. (b) 142. (a) 143. (a) 144. (b)
53. (b) 54. (b) 55. (a) 56. (b)
145. (a) 146. (b) 147. (a) 148. (d)
57. (b) 58. (a) 59. (a) 60. (b)
Olympiad (NSEP) 61. (a) 62. (d) 63. (d) 64. (b)
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (c) 65. (a) 66. (a) 67. (c) 68. (d)
5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (a) 69. (b) 70. (b) 71. (d) 72. (d)
9. (d) 10. (d) 11. (b) 12. (c) 73. (a) 74. (c) 75. (d) 76. (c)
13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (a,b,d) 16. (a,c) 77. (a) 78. (a) 79. (d) 80. (a)
17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (d) 81. (c) 82. (d) 83. (b) 84. (a)
21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (*) 24. (d) 85. (d) 86. (b) 87. (c) 88. (d)
78
89. (d) 90. (c) 91. (a) 92. (a) 85. (c) 86. (d) 87. (b) 88. (c)
93. (d) 94. (a) 95. (d) 96. (d) 89. (b) 90. (a) 91. (b) 92. (e)
97. (d) 98. (a) 99. (c) 100. (d) 93. (b) 94. (d) 95. (b) 96. (d)
101. (c) 102. (a) 103. (b) 104. (a) 97. (b) 98. (d) 99. (b) 100. (b)
105. (c) 106. (d) 107. (b) 108. (d) 101. (a) 102. (d) 103. (c) 104. (d)
105. (d) 106. (c) 107. (c) 108. (d)
109. (c) 110. (a) 111. (d) 112. (d)
109. (a) 110. (c) 111. (a) 112. (a)
113. (c) 114. (a) 115. (b) 116. (a)
113. (a) 114. (b) 115. (b) 116. (d)
117. (b) 118. (a) 119. (a) 120. (c)
117. (b) 118. (b) 119. (a) 120. (b)
121. (b) 122. (d) 123. (a) 124. (b)
121. (a) 122. (a) 123. (a) 124. (c)
125. (a) 126. (c) 127. (c) 128. (d)
125. (d) 126. (d) 127. (a) 128. (a)
129. (b) 130. (b) 131. (b) 132. (b)
129. (d) 130. (d) 131. (c) 132. (c)
133. (c) 134. (c) 135. (d) 136. (c)
133. (c) 134. (b) 135. (a) 136. (b)
137. (a) 138. (a) 139. (d) 140. (c) 137. (a) 138. (c) 139. (d) 140. (b)
141. (b) 142. (c) 143. (b) 144. (b) 141. (b) 142. (b) 143. (c) 144. (a)
145. (b) 145. (a) 146. (a) 147. (d) 148. (a)
Other Medical 149. (c) 150. (d) 151. (c) 152. (c)
153. (a) 154. (a) 155. (c) 156. (c)
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (*) 4. (b)
157. (b) 158. (a) 159. (a) 160. (c)
5. (b) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (b)
161. (e) 162. (a) 163. (c) 164. (c)
9. (d) 10. (a) 11. (a) 12. (b)
165. (d) 166. (d) 167. (b) 168. (b)
13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (c) 16. (a)
169. (b) 170. (b) 171. (d) 172. (d)
17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (b) 20. (b)
173. (d) 174. (b) 175. (a) 176. (b)
21. (b) 22. (a) 23. (c) 24. (d)
177. (a) 178. (c) 179. (b) 180. (c)
25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (b)
181. (c) 182. (a) 183. (c) 184. (b)
29. (c) 30. (b) 31. (d) 32. (c)
185. (c) 186. (c) 187. (b) 188. (a)
33. (c) 34. (c) 35. (a) 36. (b)
189. (d)
37. (c) 38. (c) 39. (a) 40. (a)
41. (a) 42. (a) 43. (a) 44. (c) NCERT
45. (c) 46. (d) 47. (b) 48. (a) 20. (d) 21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (a)
49. (d) 50. (b) 51. (a) 52. (a) 24. (a) 25. (a) 26. (d) 27. (c)
53. (c) 54. (d) 55. (a) 56. (c) 28. (b, c) 29. (a,d) 34. (a) 35. (c)
57. (a) 58. (a) 59. (d) 60. (b) 36. (b) 37. (a) 38. (b) 39. (b, c)
61. (c) 62. (b) 63. (a) 64. (b) 40. (a, c) 47. (b) 48. (d) 49. (c)
65. (a) 66. (d) 67. (a) 68. (a) 50. (a) 51. (d) 52. (b) 53. (d)
69. (b) 70. (b) 71. (a) 72. (c) 54. (a, d) 55. (a,c)
73. (c) 74. (c) 75. (d) 76. (a)
77. (b) 78. (c) 79. (d) 80. (c)
NEET-2021
81. (a) 82. (b) 83. (d) 84. (a) 1. (c) 2. (b)
79

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Heat & Thermodynamics and Kinetic Theory

Heat & Theromodynamics and Kinetic Theory

4. A mixture of 2 moles of helium gas (atomic mass = 4

(a) s / a (b) a / s P (N/m2) 10

(b) Ex < Ey & ax > ay y 1  60 Fe 1  60 Fe

35. A closed compartment containing gas is moving with 1 3

45. A metal ball immersed in alcohol weighs W1 at 0°C and

(a) W1 > W2 (b) W1 = W2

Q12 1 (a) heat flow through A and E slabs are same

13. A blackbody is at a temperature of 2880 K. The enrgy (b) B = 1.5 m

(a) 0.130 (b) 0.065 (c) 0.260 (d) 0.135

6. A substance of mass M kg requires a power input of P True / False

temperature T, and volume V. When it expands to a 21

Integer Type LIST-I LIST-II

1 (b) P  1;Q  3;R  2;S  4

List – I List – II to be 75°C, T is given by (Given : room temperature =

6. A pendulum clock loses 12 s a day if the temperature is

FG 11IJ p v the wheel, it is heated so that its temperature rises by

21. A carnot engine operating between temperatures T1 and

(c) 310 K and 248 K (d) 372 K and 310 K

Directions for questions 27 to 29: Questions are

42. A system goes from A to B via two processes I and II x 4x

r1 r2 (c) The internal energy changes in all process

JEE main (Online)

5 6 7 (a) 0.34 Å (b) 0.24 Å

47. A thermally insulated vessel contains 150g of water at (b) Q A  Q B ; U A  U B

65. The number density of molecules of a gas depends on F F

(c) 62°C, 124°C (d) 99°C, 37°C

97. A Carnot’s engine works as a refrigerator between 250 K

99. In an experiment a sphere of aluminium of mass P P

106. A simple pendulum made of a bob of mass m and a

P P (c) 560 cal/g (d) 550 cal/g

V in the temperature between the bottom and top of the

The corresponding P - V diagram for the process is

124. A hot body, obeying Newton’s law of cooling is cooling Cp

(a) 25°C (b) 10°C (c) 15°C (d) 20°C

136. This question has Statement-1 and Statement-2 Of the

(d) increase (a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true,

146. Modern vacuum pumps can evacuate a vessel down to 2K 4K

(a) H2 (b) Cl2 4. The average translational kinetic energy of oxygen (M

E E (a) 20 days (b) 25 days

(a) 12oC (b) 50oC l1 2  l21 l11  l2 2

time so that the temperature of the mixture is 40oC. Now P A

p A D (c) four times the actual volume occupied by the gas

(b) Only II is true

45. Certain perfect gas is found to obey pV3/2 = constant

(d) 1R2   2 R1  /  R1  R2  (a)

68. Consider an infinitely extending gas cloud in space at  v1  v2   v1  v2 

70. Three closed vessels A, B and C are at the same 2 2 2 1

76. Consider the curve representing the Maxwell-Boltzmann

(a) mass density, mass of the gas 1 1

11. The unit of thermal conductivity is: (2019)

(a) isothermal (b) adiabatic 7 5 9 5 7 9 5 7 7 7 5 7

T1 T2 ice is 3.4  105 J / kg and g = 10 N/kg] (2016)

B K2 (a) 136 km (b) 68 km (c) 34 km (d) 544 km

33. Steam at 100oC is passed into 20 g of water at 10oC. Q  Q 

When water acquires a temperature of 80oC, the mass of (a) (b)  

(a) Kirchhoff’s law

49. Which of the following rods, (given radius r and length l)

73. A refrigerator works between 4oC and 30oC. It is required 4 6 V

(b) 300 J of heat has been added to the gas

10 283 383 (a) T  2.4  K (b) T  2.4  K

(a) It is impossible 121. The efficiency of a Carnot engine operating with

Booklet Heat & Thermodynamics

Booklet Heat & Thermodynamics