Florence Nightingale: Environmental theory Hildegard Peplau: Interpersonal Relation

Theory Virginia Henderson: 14 Basic Human Needs Joyce Travelbee: Human to Human
Relationship Model Betty Neuman: Systems Model Dorothy Johnson: Behavioral System
Model Imogene King: Goal Attainment Theory Dorothea Orem: Self Care Deficit Theory
in Nursing Faye Abdellah: Typology 21 Nursing Problems Sr. Callista Roy: Adaptation
Model Madeleine Leininger: Transcultural Nursing Jean Watson: Philosophy and
Science of Caring Patricia Benner: Novice to Expert Myra Estrin Levine:
Conservation Theory Ida Jean Orlando: Nursing Process/ Deliberative Nursing Process
Theory Martha Rogers: Science of Unitary Human Being Margaret Newman: Model of
Health Rosemarie Parse: Human Becoming Theory Anne Boykin & Savina Schoenhofer:
Nursing as Caring Theory Lydia Hall: Core Care Cure Theory Carmencita M Abaquin:
PREPARE ME Interventions and the Quality of Life Advance Pro gressive Cancer
Patients. Sister Letty G. Kuan: Retirement and Role Discontinuities Florence
Nightingale: Environmental theory Environmental factors affecting health * Pure or
fresh air * Pure water * Sufficient food supplies * Efficient drainage *
Cleanliness Light (especially direct sunlight Hildegard Peplau: Interpersonal
Relation Theory Phase of Nurse-Patient Relationship 1. Orientation: The initial
interaction between the nurse and the patient 2. Identification: The nurse and the
patient explore the experiences and the needs of the patient. (relatedness)
3. Exploitation Full values of relationship as the patient moves on from depe ndent
role to independent 4. Resolution: Formulates new goals Interpersonal Therapeutic
process helps the psychiatric patients is willing to a ccept therapy Virginia
Henderson: 14 Basic Human Needs 14 Basic Needs 1. Breathing Normally 2. Eating and
Drinking adequately 3. Eliminating body wastes 4. Moving and maintaining a
desirable position 5. Sleeping and resting 6. Selecting suitable clothes 7.
Maintain normal body temperature by adjusting clothing and modifying the e
nvironment. 8. Keeping the body clean and well groomed 9. Avoiding danger and
injuring others 10. Communicating with others in expressing emotions needs fear and
opinion 11. Worshipping according to ones faith 12. One feels a sense of
accomplishment 13. Participation in various forms of recreation 14. Learning the
curiosity that leads to normal development and health Nurse-Patient Relationship 1.
The Nurse as a substitute for the patient. The nurse acts as a substitute for the
patient when they lack knowledge, strength to make him complete again. 2. The nurse
as a helper to the patient: The patient cannot meet his basic ne eds the nurse
serves as a helper to accomplish them. 3. The nurse as a partner with the patient:
The nurse and the patient formula te the care plan together Joyce Travelbee: Human
to Human Relationship Model Her theory the burse and the patient undergo the
following series of interact io nal phases: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Original Encounter:
First impression of the nurse and patient Emerging identities: The nurse and
patient getting to know each other Empathy: understanding each other Sympathy: the
nurse wants to lessen the cause of the patients suffering. Rapport: the patient
trust and has confidence in the nurse

Betty Neuman: Systems Model System Model 1. Client Variables: relation to the
environmental stressors experienced by t he client 2. Lines of resistance: it acts
to facilitate the coping to overcome the str essors that are present within the
individual 3. Normal Line of Defense: reflects the range of responses 4. Flexible
Line of Defense: invaded by the stressors thus increasing its pro tection 5.
Stressor: identifying the stressors helps nurse to appropriately use acti
ons to help solve the problem 6. Reaction: can be either be positive or negative
depending on the client s re action. Prevention Primary prevention: Foreseeing the
result of an situation and preventing it its unnecessary effects Secondary
prevention: focuses on helping the actual existing effects of an actio n that
altered that balance of health of a person. Tertiary prevention: focuses on actual
treatments to facilitate the strengthenin g of a person after being exposed to a
certain illness. Dorothy Johnson: Behavioral System Model 7 Behavioral Subsystems
1. the attachment subsystem: Strong bond 2. the dependency subsystem: nurturing
behavior 3. the ingestive subsystem: Ingestion of food 4. the eliminative
subsystem: secretion of waste products from the body 5. the sexual subsystem:
imitates behaviors related to reproduction 6. the aggressive subsystem: concerned
with defense and self preservation 7. the achievement subsystem: contains behaviors
that attempt to control the environment Imogene King: Goal Attainment Theory Goal
Attainment 1. Action: Behvaior that are towards the accomplishment of a certain act
2. Reaction: reacting or a response to a certain stimuli. 3. Interaction: wherin
the nurse relates and deals with the patient 4. Open system: exchange information
without barriers Dorothea Orem: Self Care Deficit Theory in Nursing Universal Self
Care Requisites * * * * * * * Maintenance of a sufficient intake of air Maintenance
of a sufficient intake of food Maintenance of a sufficient intake of water
Provision of care associated with elimination Maintenance of balance between
solitude and social interaction Prevention of hazards to human life human
functioning and human well being Promotion of human functioning and development

Faye Abdellah: Typology 21 Nursing Problems 21 Nursing Problems 1. to maintain good

hygiene and physical comfort 2. to promote activities 3. to promote safety 4. to
maintain good body mechanics and preven and correct deformity 5. to facilitate the
maintenance of a supply of oxygen to all body cells 6. to facilitate the
maintenance of nutrition of all body cells 7. to facilitate the maintenance of
elimination 8. to recognize the physiological responses of the body to disease
conditions 9. to facilitate the maintenance of the regulatory mechanism and
functions 10. to facilitate the maintenance of sensory function 11. to identify and
accept positive and negative expressions feelings and reac tion 12. to facilitate
the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance
13. to identity and accept interrelatedness of emotions and organic illness 14. to
facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and non verbal communica tion 15. to
promote the development of productive interpersonal relationships 16. to facilitate
progress toward achievement and personal spiritual goals 17. to create or maintain
a therapeutic environment 18. to facilitate awareness of self 19. to accept the
optimum possible goals in the light of limitations 20. to use community resources
as an aid in resolving problems 21. to understand the role of social problems Sr.
Callista Roy: Adaptation Model Adaptation Level Regulator subsystem: response to
stress Cognator subsystem: responds to stimulus Innovator subsystem: allows the
person to change to higher levels of potential Nursing Process 1. Assessment of
Behavior 2. Assessment of Stimuli 3. Nursing Diagnosis 4. Goal Setting 5.
Intervention 6. Evaluation Madeleine Leininger: Transcultural Nursing Forms of
Culture- Specific Care 1. Culture care preservation or maintenance: 2. Cultural
care accommodation and negotiation 3. Cultural care re-patterning Jean Watson:
Philosophy and Scarce of Caring 7 Assumptions of caring 1. Caring can be
effectively demonstrated and practiced only interpersonally 2. Effective caring
promotes health 3. caring responses accepts a person 4. a caring environment is one
that offers the development of potential 5. caring is more healthogenic than is
curing 6. the practice of caring is central to nursing Patricia Benner: Novice to
Expert From Novice to Expert * * * * * Novice Advance Beginner Competent Proficient
Expert

Myra Estrin Levine: Conservation Theory Four levels of response 1. fear 2. stress
3. inflammatory 4. sensory Conservation of energy- refers to balancing energy
intake and output to avoid Conservation of structural identity- refers to
maintaining the structure of the body to promote healing and prevent breakdown
Conservation of personal integrity- refers to maintaining sense of identity and
self worth Conservation of social integrity- refers to recognizing the patient as a
social being.
Ida Jean Orlando: Nursing Process/ Deliberative Nursing Process Theory MAJOR
DIMENSIONS OF THE THEORY * * * * * Function of professional nursing - organizing
principle Presenting behavior - problematic situation Immediate reaction - internal
response Nursing process discipline investigation Improvement - resolution

Martha Rogers: Science of Unitary Human Being Four Basic Concepts 1. Energy fields:
Fundamental unit of living and non-living. 2. Openness: Openness is a
characteristic of both humans and environment 3. Pattern: Changes continuously 4.
Four-dimensionality: Energy fields (man and environment) are not bound by time or
space. Margaret Newman: Model of Health Assumptions 1. Health encompasses
conditions heretofore described as illness, or, in medical terms, pathology 2.
These pathological conditions can be considered a manifestation of the total
pattern of the individual 3. The pattern of the individual that eventually
manifests itself as pathology i s primary and exists prior to structural or
functional changes 4. Removal of the pathology in itself will not change the
pattern of the indivdu al 5. If becoming ill is the only way an individual's
pattern can manifest itself, then that is health for that person 6. Health is an
expansion of consciousness. Rosemarie Parse: Human Becoming Theory Human Becoming
Theory includes Totality Paradigm o Man is a combination of biological,
psychological, sociological and spiritua l factors Simultaneity Paradigm oMan is a
unitary being in continuous, mutual interaction with environment Originally Man-
Living-Health Theory Anne Boykin & Savina Schoenhofer: Nursing as Caring Theory
Transformational Model 1. persons are caring by virtue of their humanness 2.
persons are caring moment to moment 3. persons are whole or complete in the moment
4. personhood is living life grounded in caring 5. person hood is enhanced through
participating in nurturing relationships with caring others 6. nursing is both a
discipline and a profession
Lydia Hall: Core Care Cure Theory the core (using the self in relationship to the
patient) the care (hands on bodily care ) the cure (applying medical knowledge )
Carmencita M Abaquin: PREPARE ME Holistic Nursing Intervention

Prepare Me 1. Presence: being with another person during the times of need 2.
Reminisce Therapy: recal of past experiences 3. Prayer: 4. Relaxation: techniques
to encourage relaxation for the purpose of decreasing undesirable signs 5.
Meditation: purpose of altering patients level of awareness 6. Values
Clarification: assisting anotherindividual to clarify his own values a bout health
and illness. Sister Letty G. Kuan: Retirement and Role Discontinuities 1. Health
Status refer to physiological and mental state of the respondents, cla ssified as
either sickly or healthy. 2. Income (economic level) refers to the financial
affluence of the respondent which can be classified as poor, moderate or rich.
3.Work Status 4.Family Constellation means the type of family composition described
either clo se knit or extended family where three more generations of family
members live u nder one roof; or distanced family, whose member live in separate
dwelling units ; or nuclear type of family where only husband, wife and children
live together. 5. Self-Preparation 12 Core blah 1.safe&quality nursing care
2.management of resources&environment 3.health education 4.legal responsibility
5.ethico-moral responsibility 6.personal&professional development 7.quality
improvement 8.research 9.record management 10.communication
11.collaboration&teamwork 12.customer service(only in MMC)