English 10

Fourth Quarter, Week 5

Lesson Objectives: At the end of this module, learners are expected to:
1. understand research and its purpose
2. identify the main parts of research
3. choose and develop a topic on a relevant social issue
4. write a research report

MELC CODE: EN10SS-IVe-2.3

Writers:
RHEA S. VILLALUZ
JOSELA K. REVANTAD
Titay National High School

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 DAY I
I. MINI LESSON
Understand Research and its Purpose
Research is the organized and systematic method of finding answers to
questions. It is systematic because it is a process broken up into clear steps
that lead to conclusions. Research is organized because there is a planned
structure or method used to reach the conclusion. Research is only successful
if we find answers, whether we like these answers or not. Development
research is focused on relevant, useful and important questions. If there are no
questions, there can be no research.

Why Is Research Important?

The main purpose of research is to inform action, to prove a theory, and
contribute to developing knowledge in a field or study. The following points
highlight the significance of research:
1. A Tool for Building Knowledge and for Facilitating Learning
2. Means to Understand Various Issues and Increase Public Awareness
3. An Aid to Business Success
4. A Way to Prove Lies and to Support Truths
5. Means to Find, Gauge, and Seize Opportunities
6. A Seed to Love Reading, Writing, Analyzing, and Sharing Valuable
Information
7. Nourishment and Exercise for the Mind

II. FACILITATING ACTIVITY

ACTIVITY 1. WRITE RIGHT!

Directions: Go over the organizer below and write inside the
corresponding box the definition and purpose of research based on the
discussion.

RESEARCH

DEFINITION: PURPOSE
1. ___________________ 1.____________________
___________________
2. ____________________
2. ___________________
___________________ 3. ____________________

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III. EVALUATION
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the best answer and write the letter on
the space provided.

______1. What is the other significant tool of research aside from building
knowledge?
A. facilitating learning
B. business success
C. public awareness

______2. Which statement best defines Research?

A. Research is not an act of exploring ideas.
B. Research is planned and designed to achieve a particular aim.
C. Research is a systematic investigation of materials and sources.

______3. Why is research important?

A. it improves students’ performance
B. it proves a theory and contribute to developing knowledge in a field or study
C. it develops independent learning and practical application of knowledge

______4. Why is it important to have an understanding about research?

a. to produce a good research output
b. to gain knowledge about methods of research
c. to effectively communicate ideas, analyze, and critique the works of others

______5. How does research contribute to independent learning?

A. it does not involve collaborative efforts
B. it develops creativity and intellectual curiosity
C. it forces students to struggle with both their strengths and weaknesses
IV. REFLECTION
Complete the following statement.

In this lesson, I learned that _________________________________

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

DAY 2 I. MINI LESSON

WRITING THE INTRODUCTION
Let us start by reviewing the essential parts of the introduction:
A. Brief Background: Provide an overview of the scope of the research.

B. Objectives of the Study: Articulate what you intend to find out or achieve in the
study.

C. Significance of the Study: Discuss the relevance of the study to your intended
audience. Cite the specific benefits that they can get from the findings of the research.

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D. Literature Review: Discuss previous studies done on the chosen topic.
Relate how your research relates to these previous researches.

In writing the introduction, you also have to think of catchy devices or hooks
that would get the interest of your readers. This can be done through the use of
questions, a direct quotation, a startling fact, or vivid description.

WRITING THE BODY

The body of the research report contains the substantial amount of information
that needs to be clearly and accurately presented and analyzed. The data that
will be presented in this section are meant to address the research questions or
objectives. In presenting the gathered information, you can use pie charts,
graphs, or tables. Note that you must introduce each illustration appropriately
followed by an adequate discussion of the data presented.

Moreover, you need to use related studies in order to support the findings. You
can do this by incorporating the notes (summary, quote, paraphrase) that you
have gathered in the pre-writing phase. Remember to cite your sources using
the recommended system of documentation. Also introduce and explain the
direct quotation, paraphrase or summary that you have incorporated in the
discussions.

WRITING THE CONCLUSION

The conclusion is important in bringing home the highlights of the
research paper. A well-written conclusion allows readers to take on a new
perspective about the thesis. Moreover, it provides readers with
recommendations that can be explored concerning the topic.

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II. FACILITATING ACTIVITY

ACTIVITY 1. Main Parts of Research Report

Directions: Study the paragraph below. Arrange the paragraph following the correct
format of a research report using the organizer that follows.

(1)Aggressive driving is a phenomenon, which has only recently got the public
worried. (2)The National Highway Traffic Safety Council (NHTSC) defines
aggressive driving as “the operation of a motor vehicle in a manner that endangers
or is likely to endanger persons or property”. (3)Actions such as running red lights,
improper passing, overtaking on the left, improper lane change, failing to yield,
improper turns, running stop signs, tailgating, careless driving and speeding are
examples of aggressive driving.. (4)Such actions are dangerous to other road users.
(5)Aggressive driving should be avoided because it causes crashes, injuries and
fatalities.
(6)The first reason why aggressive driving should be avoided is it causes
crashes. (7)According to NHTSC between 78 percent (excessive speed) and 100
percent (improper passing) of the cases of aggressive driving resulted in traffic
crashes and 96 percent of the drivers cited for “following too closely” or tailgating
caused crashes as a result of their aggressive driving. (8)Moreover, “running red
light”, “improper passing”, and “overtaking on the left” topped other categories of
aggressive driving in contributing to traffic crashes.
(9)Another reason why aggressive driving should be avoided is it causes
injuries.(10) NHTSC states that the percentages of the injuries caused by aggressive
driving are, in almost all categories of aggressive driving, above 100 percent.
(11)Furthermore, the Department of Highway Safety (DHS) reports that this is due to
the fact that each motor vehicle crash accounts for one or more injuries. (12) It was
found that of the ten categories of aggressive driving, “running red light”, “failing to
yield”, and “running stop signs” are the most serious factors contributing to injuries.
(13)Yet another reason why aggressive driving should be avoided is it causes
fatalities. (14)”Overtaking on the left” appears to be the most important contributing
factor in traffic fatalities as it relates to aggressive driving. (15) “Improper lane
change”, “running stop sign” and “running red light” rank second through four in
terms of their contribution to traffic fatalities (DHS, 2008).
(16)The above evidence shows that aggressive driving causes crashes,
injuries and fatalities. (17) Hence, aggressive driving should be avoided. (18)Since
the opening of the North-South Highway, the number of kilometers of roads in the
country has increased by one percent while the number of vehicle miles driven has
increased by 35 percent. (19) More cars and more drivers are also on the road,
leading to more aggressive drivers.

______________________________________________________________________
INTRODUCTION
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
BODY
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

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 CONCLUSION
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

III. EVALUATION
Directions: Read each item below. Choose from the options the correct answer and
write the letter of your choice on the space provided.
_____1. Which part of the introduction provides an overview of the scope of the
research?
A. objectives
B. brief background
C. significance of the study
_____2. What is your main goal in writing a research report?
A. to inform your reader
B. to persuade your reader
C. to motivate your reader to learn more about the subject
_____3. What should you NOT do in your paper’s conclusion?
A. Summarize your paper’s main points or thesis
B. State why the results of your research are significant
C. Introduce a final strong argument to support your thesis
_____4. How does conclusion support the thesis statement?
A. conclusion brings home the highlights of the research paper
B. conclusion uses related studies in order to support the findings
C. conclusion discusses previous studies done on the chosen topic
_____5. Why is there a need to follow the main parts of a research report?
A. it is required by the teacher
B. it will become systematic and organized
C. the main parts are essential and basic in writing reports

IV. REFLECTION
Complete the following statement.

In this lesson, I learned that _______________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

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DAY 3

I. MINI LESSON

Choosing a Research Problem (USC Libraries)

A research problem is the main organizing principle guiding the analysis of

your paper. The problem under investigation offers us an occasion for writing
and a focus that governs what we want to say. It represents the core subject
matter of scholarly communication, and the means by which we arrive at the
topics of conversations and the discovery of new knowledge and understanding.

There are generally three ways you are asked to write about a research
problem:
1) Your professor provides you with a general topic from which you study a
particular aspect
2) Your professor provides you with a list of possible topics and you choose a
topic from that list; or
3) Your professor leaves it up to you to choose a topic and you only have to
obtain permission to write about it before beginning your investigation.

You are provided with these ways to write about a research problem – 1) a list
of possible topics you may choose from, and; 2) it is your prerogative to
choose which topic you find interesting to write about
1) How to begin: a list of possible topics you may choose from
Know what you’re thinking – you look at the list and think which topic from the
list given will be the easiest to find the most information on

Once you’ve settled on a topic of interest from the list, follow step 1-4 below:
Step 1 : identify concepts and terms that make up the topic statement
Step 2 : review related literature to help refine how you will approach
examining the topic and finding a way to analyze it
Step 3 : look for sources that can help broaden, modify, or strengthen your
initial thoughts and arguments
Step 4 : outline for your paper

II. FACILITATING ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1. Tick me in!

Directions: Choose and tick/ check at least three from the List of Possible
Topics below. From the three, choose the best topic and write it in the box.

CULTURE CHANGE
DISCRIMINATION
ETHNIC IDENTITY
ETHNIC VALUES
CULTURAL IDENTITY

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 CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
KINSHIP STRUCTURE
CULTURAL DEPRIVATION
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES
CROSS CULTURAL DIFFERENCE
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS/ PRACTICES

Best Topic:
___________________________________

____________________________________

III. EVALUATION
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the best answer and write the
letter on the space provided.
_____1. What are some qualities of a good topic?
A. vague and ambiguous
B. specific, clear and focused
C. indistinct and too easy to answer
_____2. What challenged you most in choosing a topic?
A. time management
B. impact of the topic
C. background about the topic
_____3. Which statement best defines social culture?
A. social culture is something that involves the social and cultural
aspects
B. social culture is the state of belonging to a social group or cultural
tradition
C. social culture is the study of the development and functioning of
human society
_____4. How do you decide what to write about with a research report?
A. choose a topic that is trending
B. consider how broad your topic is
C. make sure your topic meets the assignment requirements
_____5. Why is choosing a topic important?
A. so that you will have only one direction
B. because it is the first step in composing a research report
C. because it will not only interest your readers but also give you the
ability to produce a quality output

IV. REFLECTION
Complete the following statement.

In this lesson, I learned that _______________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

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DAY 4

I. MINI LESSON

Writing A Research Report

To write, follow these steps:

1. Write a Draft
Now that you have organized your research material, the next step will be
writing the first draft. Keep in mind that you will write multiple drafts, so do
not put excessive pressure on the first one. Some things to keep in mind
when writing a draft:
• Try to write with your own voice. Don’t just spit out researched
information. Add your own conclusions and thoughts.
• Remember to cite your sources when you use them, even in a
draft.
• Try to keep your information as organized as possible. That will
help the reader understand what you are trying to say.
• Once you have written a draft, proofread it! Have a peer respond
to it or bring it to the Writing Center to have a tutor help you with it.
2. Write a Final Draft
After you have revised your initial drafts, you should compose a final draft.
This draft should have very few errors, have a clear organization, and be
formatted correctly. Before you hand in your paper, you should make sure
you have the following elements:
1) A cover page stating the course information, the title of your
paper, and your name.
2) The final, revised, copy of your paper with any formatting
necessary (Footnotes, page numbers, citations, etc.).
3) A works cited page listing the bibliographical information for each
of your sources.
3. Revise the final draft
1. Try to set aside your draft for a day or two before revising. This
makes it easier to view your work objectively and see any gaps or
problems.

2. Revising involves rethinking your ideas, refining your arguments,

reorganizing paragraphs, and rewording sentences. You may need to
develop your ideas in more detail, give more evidence to support your
claims, or delete material that is unnecessary.

3. Read your paper out loud. This sometimes makes it easier to identify
writing that is awkward or unclear.
4. Have somebody else read the paper and tell you if there's anything
that's unclear or confusing

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 4. Proofread the final draft
1. Look for careless errors such as misspelled words and incorrect
punctuation and capitalization.
2. Errors are harder to spot on a computer screen than on paper. If you
type your paper on a computer, print out a copy to proofread.
Remember, spell checkers and grammar checkers don't always catch
errors, so it is best not to rely on them too much.

5. Rewrite and finalize the report

The finalized research report should be submitted to your teacher.

II. FACILITATING ACTIVITY

ACTIVITY 1. WRITE WITH YOUR HEART

DIRECTIONS: Using what you have learned about writing a research report
and notes that you have gathered in the previous learning segment, you can now
write the draft of your research. Be reminded to pick one socio-cultural issue from
the list given. Use the guide below in writing the draft of your research report.

III. EVALUATION
___1. What is draft?
A. a preliminary version of a piece of writing
B. skill of marking coherent words on paper
C. re-examine and make alterations to written matter
___2. Which exercise helps students shape their ideas in writing a draft?
A. Make an outline
B. Write a full draft
C. Make a sketch of the paper
___3. Why do you have to prepare a draft?

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 A. A draft is a reflection on you and your team.
B. Writing a first draft is a very important stage in the writing process.
C. It provides the writer with a chance to meld their thoughts together and to
further develop their ideas.
___4. Which is NOT a main purpose of proofreading?
A. to check spelling
B. to check punctuation
C. to check page numbers
D. to check font styles
___5. Which is easy to proofread?
A. a text on a tablet
B. a text on a computer
C. a text on a mobile phone
D. a text on a paper

IV. REFLECTION
Complete the following statement.

In this lesson, I learned that _________________________________

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

SUMMATIVE TEST
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of your answer on the space
before the number. Avoid erasures.

____1. Which statement best defines Research?

A. Research is not an act of exploring ideas.
B. Research is planned and designed to achieve a particular aim.
C. Research is a systematic investigation of materials and sources.
____2. How does research contribute to independent learning?
A. it does not involve collaborative efforts
B. it develops creativity and intellectual curiosity
C. it forces students to struggle with both their strengths and weaknesses
____3.Which part of the introduction provides an overview of the scope of the
research?
A. objectives
B. brief background
C. significance of the study
____4. Why is there a need to follow the main parts of a research report?
A. it is required by the teacher
B. it will become systematic and organized
C. the main parts are essential and basic in writing reports
____5. What is the best way to narrow down a broad topic?
A. Be flexible
B. Focus on your topic
C. Brainstorm for ideas

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 ____6. How can you choose a good topic for your research report?
A. by considering the scope of your topic
B. by choosing a topic that is interesting to you
C. by making sure it meets the assignment requirements
____7. What are some qualities of a good topic?
A. vague and ambiguous
B. specific, clear and focused
C. indistinct and too easy to answer
____8. Which statement best defines social culture?
A. social culture is something that involves the social and cultural aspects
B. social culture is the state of belonging to a social group or cultural tradition
C. social culture is the study of the development and functioning of human
society
____9. How do you decide what to write about with a research report?
A. choose a topic that is trending
B. consider how broad your topic is
C. make sure your topic meets the assignment requirements
____10. What is the advantage of using a questionnaire in research?
A. quick way to get results
B. respondent identification
C. edgy analysis and visualization

REFERENCES
Why is research important
https://owlcation.com/academia/Why-Research-is-Important-Within-and-Beyond-the-
Academe
Development Team
Writer: Lowela E. Saga
Guinoman National High School

Editor/QA: Anacleto Villaceran Jr./Jennifer J. Simyunn

Tungawan NHS Kabasalan STHS

Evaluator: Estrelita Ampo-Pena, EdD

EPS-English
Kindergarten & Senior High School Division Coordinator

Reviewers: Evelyn F. Importante

OIC-CID Chief EPS

Jerry C. Bokingkito
SGOD, Chief EPS

Management Team:

Aurelio A. Santisas, EdD

OIC-Assistant SDS

Dr. Jeanelyn A. Aleman, CESO VI

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent

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