Effects of controls

→
Horizon
imaginary
-

The time where earth and to meet

sky appears
→ Altitude Position of
-

nose in relation to horizon

primary controls

F- livatoos Lateral Axis Pitch

Ailerons
Lomguitidnal Axis Roll
Rudders
Normal / vertical / Yaw
Directional Axis

Elevators -

→ If we move control colwme forward elevators down

,
goes ,

tail part
goes up making aircraft nose down .
 Altitude decreases and Airspeed increases

→ If we move control columns backward elevators

,
goes up ,
tail past down
goes making aircraft nose
up
Altitude increases and Airspeed decreases .

Ailerons
→ If control cohune
we
to
right
move
then
sight ailerons
goes up
left ailerons down
goes making right wing down and left
wing up and Aircraft
rooming to
right .

→ If we move control to
column
left then left ailerons
goes up
Right aileron left
goes down making wing down and
Right
wing up and Aircraft
rolling to left .
Rudder

→ If rudder the to
we
press Right sadder goes right and
Aircraft will to
yaw Right
→ If press left Judders the rudder to
left and
goes
we

Aircraft will
yaw to left .

Secondary Effect of control

primary

Rieder
If rudder Aircraft will to
→ we press right you sight .

left wing has to travel distance

Right wing
more than

so of left wing will be more

velocity than
right wing
will
Increase in
velocity increase lift in left
wing
 Difference lift and Aircraft
rolling effect
in will
cause
will Roll to sight .

same
thing will
happen with opposite rudder

*
Aircraft wit ' Rou in same direction of yaw
Ailerons

→ you in the direction of Roll

As we turn control cohune either side aircraft will 11

too applied
-

balance Rudder is If dont

we
apply
rudder Aircraft will side Stipp Due to side
slipping
.

the air will hit the tale past of A/c which causer the
nose of A/c to in
you the direction of Roll
 Aileron
→ Adverse Yaw
balanced
During flight If we turn the control colure
Aircraft will roll A/c
increasing
.

rolls
by the
lift wing and
decreasing
on one
the lift on other

for the
up going wing lift will be more which
will
give an increase in induced
gray whereas for
down
going wing lift will be less
which will
give
decrease in induced
drag .

that difference in
drag between two
wings will
give yaw movement
GAS drag is more on
up
going wing so the
Aircraft will yaw in
opposite direction of roll -
 D- control
uxilary Secondary

Flaps aircraft
Lowering flaps makes nose
up so it should
-

be followed
by lowering the altitude and
trimming to

nose down

→ Raising flaps makes aircraft nose down so it should

be followed
by raising the altitude and
trimming to

nose up

m → To srelease pressure the

we use trim not to Chanel
the
altitude of the
aircraft .

To maintain the control

→ surface in its position trim tab
is moved direction the
in the opposite of control surface
 → If control cohune is pushed forward nose will down
go , elevator
will down
go
-

Him tab and trim wheedle will be set to

up

→ If control cohune is Pulled back nose will

go up , elevator
will
go up trim tab and trim wheedle will be set to down

use of flaps

To
get steep
-

op pooch with controlled airspeed

-

To decrease the
Takeoff 801 I

Takeoff
-

10° flaps
Appsoch 20°
flaps
-

→ Flaps should
always be operated with
trimming as required
→
towering flops -
nose up

Retracting flops -

nose down
 tendency
→ The nose up is most with 10° flaps , losses with 20°
and little
very with 3
flaps .

Slipstream Effect
(Aileron are not effected by slipstream as it lies beyond the reach )
a- prop

Aircraft tendency to to the left

you is caused
by slipstream

higher the RPM of pro polar higher will be the slipstream higher
the
effect impss of rudder and elevator and vice versa
Airstream Effect
control effect mess depends the speed of airflow passing
-

on
over the control surfaces
→
Higher the airspeed more effective the controls will be
→ Lower the
airspeed less effective the controls will be
.
Nose tendency to power

( )
left
to
power 100% → Use Right Rudder as nose tendency is
go
due to slipstream
power Idle → use left Rudder

Imcsreas power
-
) Nose
goes above horizon
Aircraft yaws to left .

Decrease power -7 below

Nose
goes horizon
Aircraft yaws to
right .
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Three power
setting

power Altitude
setting speed
too to climb
80 knots

2s 35% Desert go knots

-

65 to
sand L > 90 Knots
1. climb TO 5^2 ( ASPT )

Sky Sky
Earth Earth

A- Attitude
slightly below

S -
90 Knots
6s to
p -

T -
as required
2 .

S -

L To Climb

Sky say

Earth
F- azth

100%
p -

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on the horizon
S -
80 Knots

1-
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Sky

Sky
Earth
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p -

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Sky
Sky

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-

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S - 90 knots

T -

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G. Descent to climb

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p
-

A -

on the horizon
S - 80 knots

T -

as required