Two Marks Questions & Answers

Unit-1

1. What is meant by self-propelled vehicle?

A vehicle producing power within itself for its propulsion is known as self
propelled vehicle.

2. List the manufacturers of automobile products in India. (API)

(a) Premier Automobiles Ltd., Mumbai
(b) Hindustan Motors Ltd., Kolcutta
(c) Standard Motor Products of India Ltd., Chennai

3. State the major types of automobiles according to the fuel used.

(a) Petrol vehicles
(b) Diesel vehicles
(c )Gas vehicles
(d) Electric vehicle
(e) Solar vehicle

4. Mention any four requirements of an automobile.

(a) It should develop power by itself
(b) The rate of power development must be easily controlled
(c) There should be an arrangement to transmit the power developed to the wheels.
(d) An arrangement must exist to continue and discontinue power flow to the wheels.

5. What is meant by the term chassis?

It is the main structure of a vehicle which is used to the complex vehicle except the body. A
vehicle without body is called a chassis.

6. What are the functions of frames in automobiles?

(a) To form the base for mounting engine and transmission system
(b) To accommodate suspension system
(c) To carry the other parts of the vehicle and its passengers
(d) To resist the effect of centrifugal forces when cornering a curve.

7. Classify frames.
(a) Conventional frame construction
(b) Semi-integral frame construction
(c) Integral or frameless construction

8. What is the role of body in automobiles?

Body is the super-structure for all vehicles. It may either be constructed separately and bolted to
the chassis or manufactured integral with the chassis (i.e. frameless construction)

9. Define cross wind force.

Cross wind force is acting in the lateral direction, on the side of the vehicle. This is formed by
the asymmetric flow of air around the vehicle body.
10. Classify IC engines based on number of cylinders.
(a) Single cylinder engine
(b) Multi cylinder engine

11. What is the purpose of a thermostat in an engine cooling system?

A thermostat valve is used in the water-cooling system to regulate the circulation of water in
system to maintain the normal working temperature of the engine parts during the different operating
conditions.

12. State any four functions of lubrication.

(a) It reduces friction between moving parts.
(b) It reduces wear and tear of the moving parts
(c) It minimizes power loss due to friction
(d) It provides cooling effect:- During circulation it carries heat from the hot moving parts and
delivers it to the surrounding through crankcase.

13. Name any eight air pollutants.

(a) Carbon monoxide
(b) Oxides of nitrogen
(c) Hydrocarbons
(d) Photochemical smog
(e) Smoke
(f) Lead
(g) Particulate
(h) Sulphur oxide

14. What is the term catalytic converter?

The term Catalytic converters cover the stainless steel box mounted in the exhaust system.

15. How does oxidation catalyst differ from reduction catalyst?

Oxidation catalyst adds oxygen with pollution and hydrogen catalyst reduces oxygen but the
same time, the hydrogen will be increased.

16. What are the uses of sensors?

They detect a mechanical condition (movement or position) ,chemical state, or temperature
conditioning and change it into a central processor called microprocessor or microcomputer ( a small
version of a computer).

17. List out the various sensors used in engine management system.
(a) Temperature sensors
(b) Engine position sensor
(c) Coolant temperature sensor
(d) Intake air temperature sensor
(e) Knock sensor

18. What are the sources of air pollution by petrol engine?

(a) Exhaust emissions through tail pipe
(b) Evaporative losses through carburetor, and
(c) Crank case blow by.
19. Where are bumpers provided?
Bumpers are provided at the front and rear end of the car. These are used to protect the front
end and rear end of the car from damage in case of the light collisions.

20. What is meant by drag force?

Force of air drag is acting in the direction of vehicle motion with the wind acting along the
longitudinal direction axis. This force is also called air resistance.

Unit-2

1. What are the functions of carburetor?

(a) It atomizes and vaporizes the fuel
(b) It supplies a fine spray of petrol
(c) It produces a homogeneous mixture
(d) It prepares a mixture of petrol and air in correct proportions.

2. What is the function of float chamber?

In the float chamber, a constant level of petrol is maintained by the float and a needle valve.
The float chamber is ventilated to atmosphere. This is used to maintain atmospheric pressure
inside the chamber.

3. Mention the different circuits involved in solex carburetor.

(a) Float circuit
(b) Starting circuit
(c) Idle and low speed circuit
(d) Normal running circuit.
(e) Acceleration circuit

4. State the important units of electronic fuel injection system.

(a)Fuel delivery system
(b)Air induction system
(c) Sensors and air flow control system
(d) Electronic control unit

5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ECU.

Advantages:
(a) A very high quality fuel distribution is obtained. Therefore, higher compression ratios can be
adopted without any danger of detonation occurring.
(b) Increased volumetric efficiency and hence increased power and torque.

Disadvantages:
(a) Initials cost is very high.
(b) More complicated mechanism because of electronic system injection nozzle, and fuel
injection pump.
6. List any two batteries used in automobiles’
(a) Lead acid battery
(b) Alkaline battery

7. Describe the battery efficiency.

It is the ability of a battery delivers current. It depends on temperature and rate of discharge.

8. Define battery life.

The duration of battery is upto the discard from starting of operation in any places.

9. List the factors affecting the battery life.

(a) Electrolyte level
(b) Overcharging
(c) Corrosion
(d) Sulphation
(e) Mounting etc.

10. What is the function of a car’s generator?

Generator is a device which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. When it is
rotated, it generates electricity by electro mechanical induction. It supplies electricity to the car.

11. What is the purpose of cut-out relay?

It prevents the reverse flow of current from the battery to the generator.

12. What is the function of starting motor?

Starting motor is also called as cranking motor. Cranking the engine means to rotate the
crankshaft by applying torque on it so that the piston may get reciprocating motion.

13. List the various types of lights.

(a) Head lights
(b) Parking lights
(c )Stop lights
(d ) Directional-signal lights (e) Blinker lights (f) Backup lights

14. What are the types of ignition system?

(a) Coil ignition system or battery ignition system
(b) Magneto ignition system
(c ) Electronic ignition system
(d) Transistorised ignition system

15. State the advantages and disadvantages of battery ignition system.

Advantages:
 It provides better sparks at low speeds of the engine during starting and idling due to
availability of maximum current throughout the engine speed range.
 The initial cost is low compared with magneto ignition system
 The maintenance cost is negligible except battery.
 Spark efficiency remains unaffected by various positions of the timing control mechanism.
 Disadvantages:
 Frequent battery down occurs when the engine is not in use continuously. This causes starting
trouble.
 The weight is greater than magneto ignition system.
 Wiring mechanism is more complicated.

16. What are the factors to be considered for comparing magneto and coil ignition system?
 Simplicity
 Cost
 Starting and low speed operations
 Strength of spark at high speeds
 Dependence on battery and charging dynamo.

17. What is reluctor or armature?

A star shaped rotor called reluctor or armature is mounted on the distributor shaft which
modulates the flux density in the coil and due to the consequent changes in the flux voltage
induced in the coil.

18. State the advantages of transistorized ignition system.

 It increases the life of contact breaker points
 It gives higher ignition voltage
 It gives longer duration of spark
 Less maintenance
 It has very accurate control of timing

19. What is carburetor?

The carburetor is a device used for atomizing and vaporizing the fuel and mixing it with the
air in varying proportions to suit the changing operating conditions of vehicle engines.

20. What does the mixing chamber do?

The mixing chamber has two butterfly valves. One is to allow air into the mixing chamber and
known as choke valve. The other is to allow air-fuel mixture to the engine and known as throttle valve.

Unit-3

1. What are the functions of clutch?

 To permit engagement or disengagement of a gear when the vehicle is stationary and the engine
is running.
 To transmit the engine power to the rear wheels smoothly without shocks to the transmission
system while the vehicle is in motion.
 To permit the encaging of gears when the vehicle is in motion without damaging
the gear wheels.
2. Why multi-plate clutches are used in automobiles?
As compared to single plate clutch, these are smoother and easier to operate due to their assembly
of friction surfaces contact.

3. Compare the advantages of multi-plate clutches over single plate clutches.

 Increased torque transmission capacity.
 The diameter is reduced as it has more friction surface with reduces the size of the clutch
assembly.
 Highly reliable
 Suitable for heavy vehicles.

4. What is the special springs used in diaphragm clutch?

Belleville springs

5. How is dog and spline clutch disengaged?

The sleeve is moved back on the splined shaft to have no contact with the driving shaft.

6. What do you mean by fluid flywheel?

The member which couples the driving member with driven member through a media of fluid
is known as fluid coupling.

7. What is the function of a gear box?

Gear box is a speed and torque changing device.

8. List out the various resistance to motion.

(a) Air resistance
(b) Gradient resistances
(c) Miscellaneous resistance

9. What is double clutching technique used?

Even though there is no measure to allow easy meshing of gears,” double clutching” technique
must be acquired for shifting gears properly.

10. What is the function of Synchromesh unit in a gear box?

To simply the operations of changing gears without the occurrence of clashes and their
consequent damage, a synchromesh gear box is used in different types of motor vehicles.

11. What is the function of a synchronizer in a gear box?

The synchronizer helps to synchronize the speeds of the two gears to be engaged without
necessary of faster running gear to slow down.

12. Write down the methods of operating automatic gear box.

(a) Hydramatic transmission
(b)Torque converter transmission
13. State the phenomenon of torque multiplication.
Then the oil is thrown back by the impeller into the turbine at the outer edge continuously. The
repeated pushing of the turbine blades makes the torque on the turbine to increase called phenomenon
of torque multiplication.

14. What is an overdrive? Where it is exactly located?

Overdrive is a device which is used to step up the gear ratio in the car.It is mounted in between
transmission and propeller shaft.

15. What are the advantages of overdrives?

(a) It allows a lower engine speed to maintain the car at highway speed.
(b) This system saves fuel.
(c) Wear on the engine and accessories are reduced.

16. State the various functions of propeller shaft.

(a)It transmits rotary motion of the gearbox output shaft to the differential and then through the
axle shafts to the wheels.
(b)It transmits motion at an angle which is varying frequently
(c )It allows some changes in length between gear box and rear axle.

17. What are the basic functions of differential unit?

(a) Straight ahead travel
(b) Turning
(c) One wheel on a muddy surface

18. List down the types of live rear axles.

(a) Semi-floating
(b) Three-quarter floating
(c ) Full-floating

19. Mention any four requirements of a clutch.

(a) Transmission of torque
(b) Gradual engagement
c ) Vibration damping
(d) Size of the clutch

20. What is the purpose of using springs in a disc clutch plate?

The springs are provided to withstand the shock and torsional effects during operation of the
clutch, hence known as torsion springs.

Unit-4

1. Classify wheels.
 Disc wheel
 Wire wheel
 Split wheel
 Light alloy wheel
2. Write down the types of tread patterns in tyres.
 Rib pattern
 Lug pattern
 Rib-and-lug pattern
 Block pattern

3. What is meant by the term tread?

The tread is an external rubber layer preventing the carcass from wear and external damage
which are produced by the road surface.

4. Name the various materials used in manufacturing of tyres.

 Nylon
 Terylene
 Rubber
 Glass fibre
 Steel

5. What are the inspecting methods used in tyres?

 Visual inspection
 Thorough inspection

6. Mention the various causes of tyre wear.

 Incorrect inflation
 Incorrect caster, camber or toe-in
 Excessive road speed
 Worn out kingpins
 Presence of air

7. List out the various factors to be maintained in tyres.

 Proper inflation
 Running a flat tyre
 Extra casing and inner tube
 Alignment of wheels

8. How is cross ply are designated?

A cross –ply tyre is not designated by alphabetical letters to indicate the cross-ply.

9. Define tube vulcanizing.

The process of repairing a punctured tube is known as tube vulcanizing.

10. What is meant by camel block?

Fresh tread material known as camel block is placed around the tread and put in retreading
machine and clamped.
11. How steering geometry is defined?
Steering geometry is the angular representation and obtaining relationship between the front
wheels.

12. Define camber and caster.

Camber:
When the front of the vehicle is viewed, the angle between the centre line of the tyre and the
vertical line is called as camber.
Caster:
Tilting of kingpin axis either forward or backward from the vertical line is known as caster.

13. What is kingpin inclination?

The angle between the vertical line and centre of the or steering axle when viewing is carried
out from the front of the vehicle is called as king pin inclination.

14. What are the principles of suspension system?

 The weight of the wheels
 Reduction of rolling or pitching of the body to a minimum design and attachment of the
springs.
 Absorbing satisfactorily larger and also the smaller road impacts with the help of a single
springing device.

15. Classify suspension system.

Front end suspension system- Independent front suspension
-Rigid axle front suspension
Rear end suspension-Longitudinal leaf spring rear suspension
Transverse leaf spring rear suspension
Coil spring rear end suspension

16. State the purposes of a master cylinder.

 The required hydraulic pressure is built up to operate the system.
 It maintains a constant volume of fluid in the system.
 To bleed or force air out of the brake line and wheel cylinder,a pump is used.

17. What are the advantages of grilling brakes?

 They can easily be adjusted without jacking up the vehicle.
 The driver effort can be minimized.
 It uses a mechanical comparator.
 It provides a self-centering effort.

18. State Pascal’s law.

It states that the total pressure acting on the transmission system is equal to the sum of
pressures acting in all directions without any losses.
19. What are the purposes of shock absorbers?
 To control the vibrations on springs
 To provide comfortable ride
 To act flexible and to be rigid enough.
 To resist the unnecessary motion of the spring.

20. What is meant by torsion bar?

A torsion bar is a steel bar which is operated by both twisting and absorbing shear stress only.

Unit-5

1. What are the alternative fuels available?

Natural gas, LPG, Biodiesel, Gasohol, hydrogen, electricity and fuel cells.

2. List down the properties of alternate fuels.

 Energy density
 Volatility
 Octane number
 Cetane number
 Heat of vaporization
 Flame speed
 Flash point
 Flammability

3. What is the composition of natural gas?

Natural is at least 88% with the balance being higher weight hydrocarbons.

4. What is meant by reformulated and oxygenated gasoline?

The petroleum industry is beginning to market gasoline formulations that emit less hydrocarbons,
nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and toxics than conventional gasoline. These new gasoline is
called as reformulated and oxygenated gasoline.

5. Write down the components of LPG equipment.

 LPG fuel tank
 Vaporizer
 Fuel metering

6. How is biodiesel prepared?

The majority of biodiesel is made from soybean or canola oils,but it is also made from waste
stream sources such as used cooking oils or animal fats.

7. What is meant by transesterification?

Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils by converting the triglyceride oils to methyl(or
ethyl)esters with a process known as transesterification.
8. Define the process of electrolysis?
Electrolysis is a process in which the hydrogen and oxygen in water can be dissociated by
electric current.

9. What are the advantages and limitations of alcohols are engine fuel?
Advantages:
 Low emissions of ozone-forming hydrocarbons and toxics.
 It can be made from renewable sources.
 It can be domestically produced.
Disadvantages:
 Fuel cost is high
 Vehicle range is less

10. What are the advantages of electricity as fuels in automobiles?

Advantages
 Potential for zero vehicle emissions is possible
 Power plant emissions control is easier.
 It can recharge at night when power demand is low.
Disadvantages:
 Current technology is limited
 It has higher vehicle cost, lower range, and performance.
 It has less convenient refueling

11. Mention the limitations of electric vehicles.

 Less initial torque
 More expensive
 The performance is poor
 Less variety of vehicles available in market.

12. What is a turbo alternator?

If a turbine engine is directly coupled to a generator, it is often called turbo generator or
turbo alternator.

13. What are the objectives of hybrid electric vehicles?

 Maximise fuel economy
 Minimise emissions
 Minimise propulsion system cost to keep the vehicles affordable to the consumer market.
 Do all of the above while maintaining or improving on acceptable performance.

14. List the various control strategies in hybrid system.

 Mechanical control
 Electrical control
15. What is meant by fuel cell how it works?
A fuel cell produces electricity directly from the reaction between hydrogen (derived from a
hydrogen-containing fuel or produced from the electrolysis of water) and oxygen 16.Write down the
parts of a fuel cell.
 Membrane electrode assembly
 Catalyst
 Hardware

16. State the applications of hybrid vehicles.

 Consumer applications
 Bus applications
 Heavy duty truck applications

17. What is meant by reversible fuel cell?

Some fuel cells can be run in reverse under certain conditions which produces hydrogen via
electrolysis.

18. List down the vehicles that use electricity as fuel.

 GM “EVI”
 Toyota RA V-4 Electric vehicle

19. Define volatility.

Volatility indicates a fuel’s ability to vaporize under different temperatures and pressures.

20. What are the disadvantages of electricity as fuels in automobiles?

Disadvantages:
 Current technology is limited
 It has higher vehicle cost, lower range, and performance.
 It has less convenient refueling
 Automobile Engineering 

Important Part-B(16marks) questions

Unit-1:Vehicle Structure & Engines

1. Explain vehicle structure and layouts in detail.

2.Explain various components of Engine along with their forms, functions and materials.
3.Explain vehicle aerodynamics in detail.
4.Explain VVT.

Unit-2: Engine Auxiliary Systems

1. Explain electronic fuel injection system for petrol engine.

2. Explain electronic fuel injection system for diesel engine.
3. Explain Electronic ignition system in detail.
4. What is super charger? Explain working of a Turbo super Charger with a neat sketch.
5. Write short notes on Engine Emission standards.
6. Explain 3–Way Catalytic Controller with a neat sketch.

 Unit-3: Transmission Systems

1. Explain the construction and operation of any two clutches in detail.

2. Explain the construction and operation of any two gearboxes in detail.
3. Explain the working of a fluid flywheel with a neat sketch.
4. Explain the working of a torque converter  with a neat sketch.
5. Write short notes on overdrives, propeller shaft,slip joints and differential.

Unit-4: Steering, Brakes and Suspension systems

1. What is the need for wheel alignment? Explain the Wheel Alignment Parameters.
2. Explain the various types of steering gear boxes with neat sketches.
3. Explain the various suspension systems available in automobiles.
4. Explain the braking systems in automobiles. What is diagonal braking system?
5.Explain Anti-lock braking system.
6.Explain EBD and traction control.

Unit-5: Alternate Fuel & Safety Devices

1. What are the alternate fuels available in automobile engineering? Explain.

2. Explain the Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of SI and CI engines with the
use of alternate fuels. 
3. Explain the concept of hybrid vehicles.
4. Explain the concept of fuel cells.