ME-4151 Refrigeration and Air conditioning

Lab
Assignment 01
NAME Registration Number
Usama Iqbal BME173116

Q-1. In domestic refrigeration applications

(a) Which refrigerant is used now a day?

R134a is used as a refrigerant in domestic applications.[1]

(b) Effect on atmosphere

The GPW value is 1,410 and it can warm the atmosphere. It means that 1 gram of R314a would
have the same GWP effect as releasing 1,410 grams of CO2.[2]–[4]

(c) If not suitable, suggest its replacement

R600a is now mostly used in domestic refrigerators and it has less impact on atmosphere.

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Lab
Q-2. In industrial refrigeration applications
(a) Which refrigerant is used now a day?

Ammonia R717 is mostly used in many industries.

(b) Effect on atmosphere

R717 is mostly environmentally friendly, which have zero value of ODP and minimum
value of GWP.[5]

(c) If not suitable, suggest its replacement

It can be replaced with R22 which has minimum effect on environment. [6]

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Lab

Q-3. In commercial refrigeration applications

(a) Which refrigerant is used now a day?

R-404A have been widely used in commercial refrigeration.

(b) Effect on atmosphere

It has zero ODP but it has greater value of GWP. [7]

(c) If not suitable, suggest its replacement

It is suitable, didn’t need any replacement.

Q-4. In Food retail refrigeration applications

(a) Which refrigerant is used now a day?

HCFCs and HFCs is mostly used in food retailers.[8]

(b) Effect on atmosphere

It has lower zero ODP but its GWP have some value which can affects the
environment.[9]

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Lab
(c) If not suitable, suggest its replacement

it can be replaced by R744 because it has less GWP and higher efficiency than others
refrigerant. [10]

REFERENCES:
[1] M. Sruthi Emani and B. Kumar Mandal, “The Use of Natural Refrigerants in Refrigeration and Air
Conditioning Systems: A Review,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 377, no. 1, 2018, doi:
10.1088/1757-899X/377/1/012064.
[2] J. M. Belman-Flores, J. M. Barroso-Maldonado, A. P. Rodríguez-Muñoz, and G. Camacho-Vázquez,
“Enhancements in domestic refrigeration, approaching a sustainable refrigerator - A review,”
Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 51, pp. 955–968, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.003.
[3] K. Namdeo and P. K. K. Jain, “Experimental Analysis of Domestic Refrigerator Using Air cooled and
Evaporative Type Condensers,” vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 123–127, 2018.
[4] O. B. Tsvetkov and Y. A. Laptev, “Refrigerants and environment,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 891, no.
1, 2017, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/891/1/012218.
[5] A. Messineo, “R744-R717 Cascade refrigeration system: Performance evaluation compared with
a HFC two-stage system,” Energy Procedia, vol. 14, pp. 56–65, 2012, doi:
10.1016/j.egypro.2011.12.896.
[6] R. K. Dreepaul, “A study of alternative refrigerants for the refrigeration and air conditioning
sector in Mauritius,” IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 93, no. 1, 2017, doi: 10.1088/1755-
1315/93/1/012054.
[7] A. Mota-Babiloni, J. Navarro-Esbrí, Á. Barragán-Cervera, F. Molés, B. Peris, and G. Verdú,
“Commercial refrigeration - An overview of current status,” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 57, pp. 186–196,
2015, doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.04.013.
[8] U. Edition, “HFCs : A growing threat to the climate The worst greenhouse gases you ’ ve never
heard of ....,” no. December, pp. 1–28, 2016.
[9] S. A. Tassou, J. S. Lewis, Y. T. Ge, A. Hadawey, and I. Chaer, “A review of emerging technologies
for food refrigeration applications,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 263–276, 2010, doi:
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2009.09.001.
[10] A. S. Padalkar and A. D. Kadam, “Carbon Dioxide as Natural Refrigerant,” Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res.,
vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 261–272, 2010.

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