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Mechanism Summary For A-Level AQA Chemistry: BR BR
Mechanism Summary For A-Level AQA Chemistry: BR BR
H conc H2SO4 or
+
conc H3PO4 H
H H
+
H3C C NH2 H3C C NH2 + NH4Br
:NH3
H H H
The amine formed in the first reaction has a lone pair of electrons on the
nitrogen and will react further with the haloalkane.
H
+
C Br H3C CH2 NH2 CH2 CH3
H3C Br -
H
:
CH3CH2NH2
+
H3C CH2 NH CH2 CH3 H3C CH2 NH CH2 CH3 + NH4Br
:NH3
H Diethylamine
H CH3
CH2
H3C C Br +
H3C CH2 NH CH2 CH3
H
:
H3C C Br CH3
CH2
H +
H3C CH2 N CH2 CH3
:
+
O
O: - H+
Cδ H3C C CH3
H3C CH3 C δ+ H3C C CH3
H
:H- H3C CH3
CN
O H :CN- O H
H3C C CH3 H3C C CH3
H CN
NO 2 O O
NO2+
+ C CH3
H C CH3
+
H
+
NO 2 O
C
+ H+ CH3
Alcohol
room temp Primary
H2O room temp Nu add/elim
Nu add/elim amide
Acyl chloride/ NH3 room temp
Nu add/elim
acid anhydride
N Goalby chemrevise.org
4
Aromatic synthetic routes
NO2
conc nitric acid + NH2
NH CH3
conc sulphuric acid Sn and HCl CH3Cl
reduction Nu sub
Electrophilic
substitution
CH3COCl
acyl chloride in the presence Nucleophilic add-el
of anhydrous aluminium
chloride catalyst
Electrophilic substitution O
NH C CH3
O H
C O
CH3
NaCN + H2SO4 C CN
Nu Add
CH3
NaBH4
Red Nu Add
H LiAlH4
reduction
O
OH
CH
CH3 C CH2 NH2
CH3
CH3CO2H + H2SO4
heat
esterification
O
H3C CH O C CH3
N Goalby chemrevise.org 5