Syllabus Focus: Unit 1 Module 2 Content 1

Specific Objective 1: describe Information Technology Systems;

Content: Definition; types of Information Technology Systems; examples.

Information systems

Information systems (IS) is the study of complementary networks of hardware and software that people and
organizations use to collect, filter, process, create, and distribute data.

Types of information systems

A four level pyramid model of different types of Information Systems based on the different levels of hierarchy in an organization

The 'classic' view of Information systems found in the textbooks of the 1980s was of a pyramid of systems that
reflected the hierarchy of the organization, usually transaction processing systems at the bottom of the pyramid,
followed by management information systems, decision support systems and ending with executive information
systems at the top. Although the pyramid model remains useful, since it was first formulated a number of new
technologies have been developed and new categories of information systems have emerged, some of which no
longer fit easily into the original pyramid model. the major role of the management of the plan.

Some examples of such systems are:

 data warehouses
 enterprise resource planning
 enterprise systems
 expert systems

CAPE NOTES Unit 1 Module2 Content 1 1

 geographic information system
 global information system
 office automation.

Data warehouse
A data warehouse or enterprise data warehouse (DW, DWH, or EDW) is a database used for reporting and data
analysis. It is a central repository of data which is created by integrating data from multiple disparate sources. Data
warehouses store current as well as historical data and are used for creating trending reports for senior management
reporting such as annual and quarterly comparisons.

Enterprise resource planning

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems integrate internal and external management information across an
entire organization, embracing finance/accounting, manufacturing, sales and service, customer relationship
management, etc. ERP systems automate this activity with an integrated software application. The purpose of ERP is
to facilitate the flow of information between all business functions inside the boundaries of the organization and
manage the connections to outside stakeholders.

ERP systems can run on a variety of computer hardware and network configurations, typically employing

a database as a repository for information.

Enterprise system
Enterprise systems (ES) are large-scale application software packages that support business processes, information
flows, reporting, and data analytics in complex organizations. In short, ES are packaged enterprise application
software (PEAS) systems.

Types of enterprise systems include enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems,enterprise planning systems,

and customer relationship management software. Although data warehousing or business intelligence systems are
enterprise-wide packaged application software often sold by ES vendors, since they do not directly support
execution of business processes, they are often excluded from the term.

Enterprise systems are built on software platforms, such as SAP’s NetWeaver and Oracle's Fusion, and databases.

Expert system
In artificial intelligence, an expert system is a computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a
human expert. Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning about knowledge, like an
expert, and not by following the procedure of a developer as is the case in conventional programming. The first
expert systems were created in the 1970s and then proliferated in the 1980s. Expert systems were among the first
truly successful forms of all software.

CAPE NOTES Unit 1 Module2 Content 1 2

An expert system has a unique structure, different from traditional programs. It is divided into two parts, one fixed,
independent of the expert system: the inference engine, and one variable: the knowledge base. To run an expert
system, the engine reasons about the knowledge base like a human. In the 80s a third part appeared: a
dialog interface to communicate with users. This ability to conduct a conversation with users was later called
"conversational"

Geographic information system

Geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and
present all types of geographical data. The acronym GIS is sometimes used for geographical information
science or geospatial information studiesto refer to the academic discipline or career of working with geographic
information systems. In the simplest terms, GIS is the merging of cartography, statistical analysis,
and database technology.

Global information system

A global information system (GIS) integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing,
analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information. GIS allows us to view,
understand, question, interpret, and visualize data in many ways that reveal relationships, patterns, and
trends in the form of maps, globes, reports, and charts. A GIS helps you answer questions and solve
problems by looking at your data in a way that is quickly understood and easily shared. GIS technology
can be integrated into any enterprise information system framework. Your organization has new
and legacy data stored in a variety of formats in many locations. You need a way to integrate your data so
that you can analyze it as a whole and leverage it to make critical business and planning decisions.

GIS can integrate and relate any data with a spatial component, regardless of the source of the data. For
example, you can combine the location of mobile workers, located in real-time by GPS devices, in
relation to customers' homes, located by address and derived from your customer database. GIS maps
this data, giving dispatchers a visual tool to plan the best routes for mobile staff or send the closest worker
to a customer. This saves tremendous time and money.

Office automation
Office automation refers to the varied computer machinery and software used to digitally create, collect, store,
manipulate, and relay office information needed for accomplishing basic tasks. Raw data storage, electronic transfer,
and the management of electronic business information comprise the basic activities of an office automation system.
[1]
 Office automation helps in optimizing or automating existing office procedures.

The backbone of office automation is a LAN, which allows users to transmit data, mail and even voice across the
network. All office functions, including dictation, typing, filing, copying, fax, Telex, microfilm and records
management, telephone and telephone switchboard operations, fall into this category. Office automation was a
popular term in the 1970s and 1980s as the desktop computer exploded onto the scene. ADVANTAGES are:-
1.office automation can get many task accomplished faster. 2.it eliminates the need for a large staff. 3.less storage
required for data to store. 4.multiple people can updated data Simultaneously in the event of schedule change 

CAPE NOTES Unit 1 Module2 Content 1 3