E-WASTE 

Done by:Mohanad
Ahmed Ahmed rabea 
ID:16105909
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.
WHAT IS E-
WASTE 

• E-waste is an abbreviation of
electrical/electronic waste which means
waste of electrical and electronic
equipment’s including personal computer
(keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, CPU,
scanner etc.), refrigerator, television,
mobile phones, air conditioners, etc.
According to Basel Action Network “E-
waste encompasses a board and growing
range of electronic devices ranging from
large household devices such as
refrigerators, air conditioners, cell phones,
personal stereos, and consumer electronics
to computers which have been discarded
by their users.”
E-WASTE-CLASSIFCATION 

• -Can be any broken or unwanted electrical or electronic appliances.

• -Includes computers, house hold/ industrial/ medical equipment's etc. discarded by their original
users
• -Also includes that electrical equipment's which is generated during manufacturing 

•
 E-WASTE CONTENT

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.

APPLIANCES AND  THEIR WEIGHT 
THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON AIR

• contamination in the air occurs when e-waste is informally disposed by dismantling, shredding or melting the materials, releasing dust particles or
toxins, such as dioxins, into the environment that cause air pollution and damage respiratory health. E-waste of little value is often burned, but
burning also serves a way to get valuable metal from electronics, like copper. Chronic diseases and cancers are at a higher risk to occur when
burning e-waste because it also releases fine particles, which can travel thousands of miles, creating numerous negative health risks to humans
and animals. Higher value materials, such as gold and silver, are often removed from highly integrated electronics by using acids, disordering,
and other chemicals, which also release fumes in areas where recycling is not regulated properly. The negative effects on air from informal e-
waste recycling are most dangerous for those who handle this waste, but the pollution can extend thousands of miles away from recycling sites

• The air pollution caused by e-waste impacts some animal species more than others, which may be endangering these species and the biodiversity of
certain regions that are chronically polluted. Over time, air pollution can hurt water quality, soil and plant species, creating irreversible damage in
ecosystems. For instance, an informal recycling in Guiyu, China that was formed by parties interesting in extracting valuable metals from e-
waste, and subsequently has caused the region to have extremely high lead levels in the air, which are inhaled and then ingested when returned to
water and soil. This can cause disproportionate neurological damage to larger animals, wildlife and humans in the area.

•
THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON WATER

• After soil contamination, heavy metals from e-waste, such as mercury, lithium, lead and barium,
then leak through the earth even further to reach groundwater. When these heavy metals reach
groundwater, they eventually make their way into ponds, streams, rivers and lakes. Through these
pathways, acidification and toxification are created in the water, which is unsafe for animals,
plants and communities even if they are miles away from a recycling site. Clean drinking water
becomes problematic to find.
• Acidification can kill marine and freshwater organisms, disturb biodiversity and harm ecosystems. If
acidification is present in water supplies, it can damage ecosystems to the point where recovery is
questionable, if not impossible.
•
THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON HUMANS

• As mentioned, electronic waste contains toxic components that are dangerous to human health ,
such as mercury, lead, cadmium, polybrominated flame retardants, barium and lithium. The
negative health effects of these toxins on humans include brain, heart, liver, kidney and skeletal
system damage. It can also considerably affect the nervous and reproductive systems of the
human body, leading to disease and birth defects. Improper disposal of e-waste is unbelievably
dangerous to the global environment, which is why it is so important to spread awareness on this
growing problem and the threatening aftermath. To avoid these toxic effects of e-waste, it is
crucial to properly e-cycle, so that items can be recycled, refurbished, resold, or reused. The
growing stream of e-waste will only worsen if not educated on the correct measures of disposal.
RECYCLING OF E-WASTE 
RECYLING OF E-WASTE 

-Size reduction process: Initially size

reduction process is to break into small
-Disassembly: After sorting all components
-Picking: This process performs manually to fragments that are less than 2 inches in
by hand, the second step is to isolate all
sort items or components that should not be diameter. At the next step, recycling plant
parts and then categories these components
crushed or removed such as batteries, toner break down these fragments in even more
in core materials that further continue the
cartridges, UPS battery systems to check smaller pieces for refine separation process
recycling process for reuse these isolated
their quality. of all components. This refinement extracted
components.
all dust particles that ensure this method
environment friendly.
RECYLING OF -Over-band Magnet: This process removes all magnetic materials

E-WASTE 
including steel and iron fragments by using over-band magnet
from the refined material.

. Separation of Metallic & Non-Metallic components: After

separation of magnetic material, metallic components such as
aluminum, copper, brass etc. is separated from nonmetallic
components such as glass or plastic. This process of separation
done through magnets or optical identification.

. Water Separation: In the last step of recycling process,

separation between non-metallic components. Plastic is separated
from glass by using water. After separation of all components
they are resold as raw material for reuse in manufacturing
process.
E-WASTE AND • N computing announced that “its technology is
helping schools, businesses and organizations
VIRTUALIZATI worldwide dramatically reduce carbon emissions
ON  by cutting energy consumption up to 90 percent.
With more than 500,000 virtual PC seats deployed
in 70 countries, N Computing has cut electricity
consumption by 88 million kilowatts per year,
compared with the same number of PCs. This
represents a reduction of 55,000 metric tons of
carbon emissions into the atmosphere”. In this
way, virtualization minimize electronic waste to
reduce IT impact on the global climate and make
environment more sustainable to prevail.
VIRTUALIZATI • Virtualization results in far more efficient use of
resources, including energy. Virtualization's
ON SUPPORT IN purpose in a simple way is to virtualize and make
GREEN a single piece of hardware function as multiple
parts. Different user interfaces isolate different
COMPUTING parts of the hardware; thereby making each one
behaves and functions as an individual. Installing
virtual infrastructure allows several operating
systems and applications to run on a lesser
number of servers, helping to reduce the overall
energy used for the data center and for its cooling.
This saves energy tremendously in a way that per
server would translate 7000 Kilo Watt hours per
year, which is extra ordinary potential for energy
saving, in this virtualization is the best to practice
green computing especially in data centers.
ROLE OF  -Hardware Virtualization: Hardware virtualization also knows as server
virtualization. Server Virtualization allow user to run multiple applications and
TYPES OF operating systems on a same server and on same time. Individual systems need
power and separate hardware equipment’s that cause e-waste. Server

VIRTUALIZATI
Virtualization purposed the solution that decrease hardware demand and manage
power consumption and cooling process.

ON IN E-WASTE -Software Virtualization: Software Virtualization involves the creation an

operation of multiple virtual environments on the host machine. It improves

REDUCTION sharing of computing tasks and reduce hardware and software demand which
saves power, reduce cost, less emission harmful gases as well as reduces e-waste
through minimize the scale of consumption of energy and resources.

-Memory Virtualization: Physical memory across different servers is aggregated

into a single virtualized memory pool. It provides the benefit of an enlarged
contiguous working memory that results in power saving, reduce heat and fulfill
cooling requirements, it makes data centers green and efficiently saves energy
ROLE OF  TYPES
-Storage Virtualization: It smartly manages storage into central database
OF server. Many servers provide this facility that result in reduction of carbon
footprint and reduce demand in hardware storage resources
VIRTUALIZATION
IN E- -Data Virtualization: In data virtualization, presentation of data as an abstract
layer which iscompletely independent of database systems and data structure
WASTE REDUCTIO that lets you easily manipulate data. It also decreases data input and
formatting errors. 

N -Network Virtualization: Software-defined networking (SDN), is an

implementation of network virtualization. It reduces demand of electronic
resource, carbon footprints and emission of harmful and hazardous gases in
environment.

-Desktop Virtualization: It allows virtual desktops to be centrally managed on

a server and run by the end user on a thin client machine. This is perhaps the
most common form of virtualization for any regular IT employee. It reduces
the need of individual desktop for each employee.
E-WASTE ACTION IN  THE U-S

• In the face of the U.S. e-waste situation, many states in the U.S. have begun efforts to collect (e.g., free e-waste collection
events) and recycle the e-waste from residential and business sectors. For example, the State of California has passed a law
charging consumer fees, called advanced recycling fees (ARFs), at the time products are purchased. The system covers
monitors, TVs and laptops, and the ARF is between US$ 6 and US$ 10 (Gregory and Kirchain, 2007). Moreover, in 2006,
the Washington State Legislature created the Electronic Product Recycling Law Chapter 70.95N RCW. This law requires
manufacturers of computers, computer monitors, laptop and portable computers, and televisions to provide recycling
services throughout the state at no cost to households, small businesses, small local governments, charities and school.

•
DEPOSIT REFUND SYSTEM 

• The lack of an efficient collection, recycle and reuse system is one of the problems for e-waste management in
the U.S. Hence, some suggestions to improve the efficiency of e-waste collection, recycle, and reuse systems
are provided. As stated before, a key consideration is the cultural imperative in the U.S. for market-driven
solutions that enable competition. Given this context, we propose a form of deposit-refund system designed to
incentivize collection while at the same time establishing a competitive market for reuse and recycling services
Following are three characteristics that a deposit-refund system in the U.S. should satisfy:
•  collects revenue to ensure proper recycling; 
• provides a financial incentive for consumers to turn in their equipment; 
•  creates a market in which firms compete to offer more efficient reuse and waste management services