MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

(DATA MANAGEMENT)
Lecture.

MEASURES OF VARIATION/DISPERSION
- Statistical tool for determining the degree of spread out a given set of data
from the central part.
(Ungrouped data)

1. Range (R) – difference between the highest value and lowest value
in the data set.

2. Quartile Deviation (QD) – semi-interquartile range.

QD =

3. Mean Average/Absolute Deviation (MAD).

MAD =
4. Standard Deviation (SD) – most popular and reliable measure of
variation.

a. SD =

b. SD =

5. Variance (V) – simply as “square of standard deviation”.

V=
1
6. Coefficient of Variation (CV) – percentage of data that are deviating
from the central part.

CV =

(Grouped data)

1. Range (R) – difference between the upper boundary of highest class

interval and lower boundary of lowest class interval
value in the data set.

2. Quartile Deviation (QD) – semi-interquartile range.

QD =

3. Mean Average/Absolute Deviation (MAD).

MAD =
f – frequency
M - Midpoint

4. Standard Deviation (SD) – most popular and reliable measure of

variation.

a. SD =
f – frequency
M - Midpoint

2
 b. SD =

5. Variance (V) – simply as “square of standard deviation”.

V= f – frequency
M - Midpoint

6. Coefficient of Variation (CV) – percentage of data that are deviating

from the central part.

CV =

Examples:

A. Ungrouped data: X→16, 12, 8, 5, 19, 23, 2 and 10

Range

R = 23 – 2
R = 21

X order
2 1
5 2
8 3
10 4
12 5
16 6
19 7
23 8
Quartile Deviation

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 Mean Average/Absolute Deviation

X
2 9.88
5 6.88
8 3.88
10 1.88
12 0.12
16 4.12
19 7.12
23 11.12

Standard Deviation

Method A:

X
2 9.88 97.61
5 6.88 47.33
8 3.88 15.05
10 1.88 3.53
12 0.12 0.01
16 4.12 16.97
19 7.12 50.69
23 11.12 123.65

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Method B:

X X2

2 9.88 97.61 4
5 6.88 47.33 25
8 3.88 15.05 64
10 1.88 3.53 100
12 0.12 0.01 144
16 4.12 16.97 256
19 7.12 50.69 361
23 11.12 123.65 529

Variance

Coefficient of Variation

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B. Grouped Data: Consider the table below.

C. I. f
31 – 34 3
27 – 30 7
23 – 26 15
19 – 22 8
15 - 18 2

Range
R = 34.5 – 14.5
R = 20

Quartile Deviation

Mean Average/Absolute Deviation

C. I. f M
31 – 34 3 32.5 7.89 23.67
27 – 30 7 28.5 3.89 27.23
23 – 26 15 24.5 0.11 1.65
19 – 22 8 20.5 4.11 32.88
15 - 18 2 16.5 8.11 16.22

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Standard Deviation
Method A:

C. I. f M

31 – 34 3 32.5 7.89 23.67 186.76

27 – 30 7 28.5 3.89 27.23 105.92
23 – 26 15 24.5 0.11 1.65 0.18
19 – 22 8 20.5 4.11 32.88 135.14
15 - 18 2 16.5 8.11 16.22 131.54

Method B:

C. I. f M fM2
31 – 34 3 32.5 3168.75
27 – 30 7 28.5 5685.75
23 – 26 15 24.5 9003.75
19 – 22 8 20.5 3362
15 - 18 2 16.5 544.5

Variance
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 V = 15.99

Coefficient of variation

Prepared by:

Assoc. Prof. Renato E. Apa-ap

Research Coordinator-Science Cluster
Research Management Office