STANDARD DEVIATION

It is an improvement over mean deviation

Measure of dispersion

Used most commonly in statistical analyses

 Standard Deviation

Standard Deviation is commonly

known as the measure of the
“spread of data”.

The standard deviation is the

measure of on average how close
the data is to the mean.
 Standard Deviation

So if the Standard Deviation is small then

values in the data are close to the mean

If the standard deviation is big then the

data is more spread out.
If the Standard Deviation is high
Greater spread of results
Results vary more (more varied)
Less consistent

If the Standard Deviation is low

Results are less spread out
Vary less (less varied)
More consistent
Calculation of SD
First find the mean of series
Find the deviation or difference of individual
measurement from mean
Next find the sum of squares of deviation or
difference of individual measurements from their
mean
Now find the variance (Var) – mean squared
deviation

var = ∑ (X - X) 2/ n
 Square root of variance that gives SD
If large sample size :

If sample less than 30 :

National 5 Applications of Maths Standard Deviation
 Standard Deviation

Example 1

Find the standard deviation

of the
following data: 1, 3, 3, 4,
5, 5, 6, 7, 7, 7
Example 2
Standard Deviation

Find the standard deviation of the

following data: 2, 5, 11, 14, 14, 22, 37
ASSIGNMENT

Example 3: The price of milk in

shops are as follows
49 44 41 52 47 43
a) Find mean and standard
deviation of the prices of milk
For ex :

Mean = 2+5+3+4+1/5 = 15/5 = 3

Var = 10/5 = 2
Uses of SD

It summarizes the deviation of a large distribution from

mean in one figure used as unit of variation
Indicates whether the variation of difference of an
individual from mean is by chance
Helps in finding the SE which determines whether the
difference between means of two similar samples is by
chance or real
Helps in finding the suitable size of sample for valid
conclusion.
 MEASURES OF
VARIATION:Grouped Data
Grouped Data……
You must add one more column than you did using
ungrouped data.

You now need a midpoint column.

The symbol for the midpoint is xm .

Formulas……Mean
Mean

 f  xm
x
n
Grouped Data……
Variance Formula

 f  xm   f  xm  / n
2 2
2
s 
n 1
Standard Deviation

2
s s
Your lists should look like
this……
x f midpoint f (midpoint) f ( midpoint sq)

2-8 12 5 60 300
8-14 4 11 44 484
14-20 6 17 102 1734
20-26 22 23 506 11638
26-32 8 29 232 6728

n=52 944 20884

  f  xm   f  xm  / n
2 2
2
s 
n 1
Find the variance.

2
944
20884 
2
s  52  73.5
51
 2
s s
Find the standard
deviation.

s  73.46606335  8.6
Example……
Find the mean, x f
median, mode,
midrange, range, 10 - 15 5
variance, and st. 15 - 20 9
deviation of the data
set. 20 - 25 7

25 - 30 3

30 - 35 2
Here are the lists……
x f midpoint f x midpoint f x mp squared cf
10 - 15 5 12.5 62.5 781.25 5
15 - 20 9 17.5 157.5 2756.3 14
20 - 25 7 22.5 157.5 3543.8 21
25 - 30 3 27.5 82.5 2268.8 24
30 - 35 2 32.5 65 2112.5 26

n=26 525 11462.5

Mean:
 f  xm
x
n
525
x  20.2
26
Variance……
2
2 ( f  x m )
 f x 
2
s 
m n
n 1
2
11462 .5  525
2
s  26  34.5
25
St. Deviation……

2
s s
s  34.46153846  5.9