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12 Permutations and
Combination

SYNOPSIS
n
1. Pr = nCr(r!)
n (n-1)
2. Cr = Cr+(n -1)Cr-1
(n+m)
3. Cr = nCr mCo + nCr-1 mC1 +....+nCn mCr
4. Let there be n kinds of objects having at least r members in each kind. Then the number of ways of
arranging them in r - places by taking r at a time is nr (repetition is allowed)
5. Number of ways of dstributing n distinct objects to r persons is rn(some of them may not get even one
object)
6. There are n kinds of objects. In each kind there are at least r numbers. Number of ways of arranging
n
them in not more than r places (One in each place)is (n r  1).
n 1

(p  q  r)!
7. a) Number of ways forming 3 groups, containing p,q,r element from p+q+r distinct elements is
(p!) (q!) (r!)

(np)!
b) Number of ways of grouping ‘n p’ distinct elements in to n groups of size p each, is
(p!) n n!

8. a) Let p,q,r be natural number and a,b,c be prime numbers. If n = ap.bq.cr then the number of proper
divisors of n = (p+1) (q+1) (r+1) -2

(a p 1  1) (b q 1  1)(cr 1  1)
p
b) Sum of all the proper divisors of a .b .c =q r  1 a p bq c r .
(a  1) (b  1)(c  1)

(n  1)!
9. Number of different garlands that can be made using n different flowers is
2
10. Number of ways of distributing n identical objects to r persons is (n+r-1) Cr-1. ( Some persons may not get
even one)
b) Number of ways of distributing n identical objects to r persons so that each gets at least one
is (n-1)Cr - 1
11. a) Number of ways of distributing n different fruits to r Children (some children may not get even one
fruit) is r n
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b) Number of (on to mappings) ways of distributing n different prizes to r persons so that each gets at least
one is r n – rC1 (r – 1)n + rC2(r – 2)n + ......+ (– 1)r – 1 . rCr – 1
12. The number of partitions of a set of n elements into class of (n) disjoint subsets is

1 n r
(r  C1 (r  1)n  r C2 (r  2)n .....( 1) r 1. r C r 1 ) .
r!
13. Since each partition is an equivalence relation, the number of equivalance relations on a set of n elements
n
1
is  r!  r
r 1
n
 r C1 (r  1) n ....( 1) r 1 r C r 1 

 1 1 1 ( 1)n 
14. Number of derangements of n elements from their n habitats is n! 1    ...... 
 1! 2! 3! n! 

15. Number of ways of selecting r elements from a set of n elements of the first kind, m elements of the
second kind and k elements of the third kind etc is Coefficient of tr in the expansion of

1  t  t 2
 ......t n 1  t  t 2 ....  t m  1  t  t 2  ...t k  ...

16. Number of ways of arranging in r places by selecting the elements from x,y,z elements of 1st 2nd and 3rd
kind is the coefficient of tr in

 t t2 tx   t t2 ty   t t2 tz 
 1    ...   1   ....   1   ....  
 1! 2! x!   1! 2! y!   1! 2! z! 

17. Let there be p,q,r distinct objects of first kind, second kind and third kind respectively out of these,n objects
are to be selected so that not more than m1 elements of the first kind, m2 elements of the second kind and
m3 elements of the 3rd kind are chosen is the coefficient of tn in the expassion of

1  p
C1t  p C2 t 2 ...  p Cm1 t m1  1  q
C1t  q C2 t 2 ....  q Cm2 t m 2  1  r
C1t  r C2 t 2 ...  r Cm3 t m3 

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Objective Questions
1. Every body in a room shakes hands with every body else. The total number of hand shakes is
66. Then the total number of persons in the room is
(1) 11 (2) 12 (3) 13 (4) 14
2. There are n different books and p copies of each in a library. The number of ways in which
one or more then one book can be selected is
(1) pn + 1 (2) (p + 1)n – 1 (3) (p + 1)n – p (4) pn
3. The number of different numbers of six digits each (without repetition of digits) can be formed
from the digits 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 such that they are not divisible by 5 is
(1) 720 (2) 600 (3) 500 (4) 400
4. Eight chairs are numbered 1 to 8. Two women and 3 men wish to occupy one chair each. First
the women choose the chairs numbered 1 to 4 and then the men select the chairs from among
the remaining. The number of possible arrangements is
(1) 6C × 4C2 (2) 4P × 4P3 (3) 4C × 4P3 (4) 4P2 × 6P3
2 2 2

5. If 7 points out of 12 are in the same straight line, then the number of triangle formed is
(1) 19 (2) 158 (3) 185 (4) 201
6. A polygon has 44 diagonals, the number of its sides are
(1) 9 (2) 10 (3) 11 (4) 12
7. There are 4 letters and 4 addressed envelopes. The number of ways in which all the letters can
be put in the wrong envelope is
(1) 8 (2) 9 (3) 16 (4) None of these
8. The total number of ways in which six ‘+’ and four ‘–’ sign can be arranged in a line such that
no two ‘–’ sign occur together is
(1) 35 (2) 15 (3) 30 (4) None of these
9. The number of ways in which 53 cards can be divided into 4 sets, three of them having 17 cards
each and the fourth one having just one card
52! 52! 51! 51!
(1) 3 (2) 3 (3) 17! 3 (4) 17! 3 3!
17! 17! 3!    
10. The number of seven digit numbers in which every digit is greater than the immediately preceding
one is
(1) 10P (2) 9P (3) 10C (4) 9C2
7 7 7

11. Number of positive integral solutions of x1+x2+x3+x4= 33 is

(1) 36C3 (2) 32C29 (3) 32C4 (4) 36C4
12. The number of Proper divisors of 24 35 57 73 is .
(1) 960 (2) 480 (3) 959 (4) 958

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13. when 4 different dice are cast, the number of ways of getting total of 14 is
(1) 144 (2) 146 (3) 106 (4) 154
14. On a line, m points are marked. On a second line parallel to the first line, n points are marked. The m
points are joined to n points in all possible ways and no three of these segments are concurrent in side the
parallel lines. Then the total number of points of intersection of the mn,lines segments between the parallel
lines is.
mn(mn  1) mn(n  1) (n  1) mn(m  1)(n  1)
(1) mn (2) (3) (4)
2 2 4
15. Number of ways of distributing 20 mangoes (identical) to 8 children (each child may get any number of
mangoes)
(1) 27c7 (2) 820 (3) 28 c8 (4) 20 p8
16. In an examination of 9 papers a candidate has to pass in more papers than the number of papers in which
he fails in order to be successful. The number of ways in which he can be unsuccessful is
(1) 255 (2) 256 (3) 193 (4) 319
17. The number of possible outsomes in a throw of n ordinary dice in which at least one of the dice shows an
odd number is
(1) 6n – 1 (2) 2n – 1 (3) 6n – 3n (4) none of these
18. If all permutations of the letters of the word AGAIN are arranged as in dictionary, then fiftieth word is
(1) NAAGI (2) NAGAI (3) NAAIG (4) NAIAG
19. A five digit number divisible by 3 is to be formed using the numerals 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 without repetition. The
total number of ways this can be done is
(1) 216 (2) 240 (3) 600 (4) 3125
20. In an examination there are three multiple choice questions and each question has four choices. Number of
sequences in which a student can fail to get all answers correct is
(1) 11 (2) 15 (3) 80 (4) 63
21. All possible four-digit numbers are formed using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3 so that no number has repeated digits.
The number of even numbers among them is
(1) 9 (2) 18 (3) 10 (4) none of these
22. A person writes letters to six friends and addresses the corresponding envelopes. Let x be the number of
ways so that at least two of the letters are in wrong envelopes and y be the number of ways so that all the
letters are in wrong envelopes. Then x – y =
(1) 719 (2) 265 (3) 454 (4) none of these
23. The number of distinct rational numbers x such that 0 < x < 1 and x = p/q, where p, q  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} is
(1) 15 (2) 13 (3) 12 (4) 11

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24. Seven different lecturers are to deliver lectures in seven periods of a class on a particular day. A, B and C
are three of the lecturers. The number of ways in which a routine for the day can be made such that A
delivers his lecture before B, and B before C, is
(1) 420 (2) 120 (3) 210 (4) none of these
25. The number of ways of arranging 21 white balls and 3 black balls in a row, so that no two black balls are
placed together are
(1) 1540 (2) 1580 (3) 1542 (4) 1530

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Answers
1. (2) 2. (2) 3. (2) 4. (4) 5. (3)
6. (3) 7. (2) 8. (1) 9. (2) 10. (4)
11. (2) 12. (4) 13. (2) 14. (4) 15. (1)
16. (2) 17. (3) 18. (3) 19. (1) 20. (4)
21. (3) 22. (3) 23. (1) 24. (4) 25. (1)

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