Definition of terms

• covalency
• valency
• polar
• lone pair
 Covalency
➢ Refers to the # of an
atom can share to
attain stability
 Valency
➢ Refers to the # of e-
that an atom will lose
or gain
 Polar

➢ Is a covalent bond
between 2 atoms
where e- forming
bond are unequally
ditributed
 Lone pair
➢ Valence e- that is not
shared or bonded to
another atom
Covalent Bond
Covalent Bond
➢ Formed between non
metallic elements
➢ Sharing of 2 or more
valence electrons
Polar Covalent Bond

➢Unequal sharing of
electron
➢EN difference 0.4 -
less than 2
Polar Covalent Bond

•NH3 - ammonia
•HCl - hydrochloride
•SO3 – sulfur trioxide
 Type of EN Example
Bond Difference
Nonpolar 0.0 – 0.4 H2

Polar 0.4 – less H 2O

than 2
Ionic 1.7 or NaCl
greater
Non Polar Covalent Bond

➢Equal sharing of e-
➢EN difference 0.0 –
0.4
Non Polar Covalent Bond

•H2
•Cl2
•Br2
1. Write the correct skeletal
structure for the molecule.
2. Calculate the total
number of e¯ for the LEDS
by summing the Ve¯ of
each atom in the
molecules.
3. Distribute the e¯ among
the atoms, giving octet
(duets for H) to as many
atoms as possible.