MAPEH MUSIC:

MUSIC OF ROMANTIC PERIOD (1820 – 1900)

Romantic music refers to Western music composed in the late 18th century to the 19th century.
Composers and artists believed in letting their imagination and passion be seen through their works.

Nationalism was also incorporated into the music of the Romantic era. The “Polonaise” of Frederic
Chopin is an example of a composition that shows nationalism, a dance composition for piano that
has been famous in Poland until today.

Ludwig Van Beethoven bridged music from the Classical to the Romantic period, voicing his passion
and emotions through his music. Other composers were inspired by this style of music, which they
began to use as a means of expressing their emotions and their individuality. This change in musical
form also paved the way for the expansion of the orchestra as the composers explored different
instruments.

There are two well-known genres of Instrumental music of Romantic Period. Piano music is in free
form such as fantasy, rhapsody, ballade, and nocturne. Program music was expressed in tone poems
such as Symphony Fantastique.

Characteristics of the Music of Romantic Period:

•       Use of extreme expressions and emotion

•       A freedom in composing

•       Love, nature, religion, and nationalism are its main themes

MUSICAL ELEMENTS OF INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC OF ROMANTIC PERIOD

Musical Elements

Melody & Harmony Rhythm and Tempo Dynamics Texture

Lyrical, poetic, Free rhythm Frequent use of Diverse mood and
emotional and   crescendos (<) emotions
expressive Extensive use of and decrescendos  
  accelerando and (>) Enlargement of
Chromatic ritardando   orchestra to a richer
    Extreme use of f = tone color
  Rubato or the subtle forte (loud) to fff =  
  rhythmic manipulation fortessissimo (as  
  and nuance became loudly as possible);  
  popular. and  
    p = piano (very  
    soft) to ppp =  
    pianississimo (as  
    softly as possible).

COMPOSERS DURING THE ROMANTIC PERIOD

Frederic Chopin

Frederic Chopin was known as the “Poet of the Piano”. Chopin composed almost primarily for the
piano and some of his most well-known compositions are Fantasie in F minor, Op. 49, Revolutionary
Etude, Op. 10, No. 12 and 24 Preludes, Op. 28. Some of his music is characterized by its beautiful
tone, rhythmic flexibility, grace, and elegance. Some of his compositions like mazurkas and
polonaise express his love for Poland.

Franz Liszt

The best word that describes the works of Franz Liszt is “virtuosity”. He was known as the virtuoso
pianist, a composer, and the busiest musician during the romantic era. He played and studied in
Vienna and Paris while performing in concerts in the rest of Europe. He was known for his
symphonic poems where he translated great literary works into musical compositions. He also made
piano transcriptions of operas and famous symphonies. Many of his piano compositions are
technically challenging pieces. He was also known with his generosity in sharing time and money to
the orphans, victim of disasters and the many students he taught music for free. Liszt is one of the
most important composers of piano music in the Romantic period.

Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Tchaikovsky is also considered to be one of the most important composers of the Romantic period.
He was known for his ballet music. As a big fan of Mozart, Tchaikovsky studied composition with
Anton Rubinstein and moved to Moscow and started teaching at the new conservatory. He continued
his music career in New York despite having marital problems and became famous after composing
the musical poem “Fatum” and “Romeo and Juliet”. He composed haunting melodies and used a
great deal of folk music in his symphonic works.

Camille Saint-Saëns

Camille Saint-Saëns was known as a talented musician from an early age. He was considered as a
composer who creates elegant music, neat, clean, polished, and never excessive. One of this is
example is “The Swan”. As an organist and one of the best pianists of his time, he sat very still at the
piano and played gracefully and cool. Some of the facts during the peak of his career in musician and
composer, many beautiful building, churches and instruments were being built in France which
includes the famous Eiffel Tower.

MAPEH PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Festival dances are cultural dances performed to the strong beats of percussion instruments by a
community of people sharing the same culture usually done in honor of a Patron Saint or in
thanksgiving of a bountiful harvest. Festival dances may be religious or secular in nature. But the
best thing about festivals is that they add to the merry-making and festivities where they are
celebrated, the reason why they are called festival dances after all.

Some of the famous festivals in the country include Sinulog of Cebu, Dinagyang of Iloilo, Ati-atihan
of Kalibo, Aklan, Buyogan and Lingayan of Leyte, Bangus of Dagupan, T’nalak of South Cotabato,
Masskara of Bacolod City, Bambanti of Isabela, and Kadayawan of Davao. Many others, especially
from Luzon, are now paving their way to join the country’s festival of festivals, the Aliwan Fiesta
which is done in the month of April.

Filipinos do festivals primarily to celebrate. We celebrate our unity amidst the diversity of cultures,
and we celebrate our industry bringing about a bountiful harvest. Festivals have been a consistent
crowd-producing activity leading to upliftment of a community’s economy due to its tourism and
entertainment value. Basically, festivals are a form of entertainment that attract foreign and domestic
tourists to visit a place eventually leading to the elevation of the Filipino’s quality of life. Whatever
festival we celebrate, be it done to honor a religious icon or celebrate our industry. Festival dances
reflect the unity of the Filipino community that despite the economic social, environmental, cultural,
and political challenges we face every day, there can be no other race more resilient than ours.

Locomotor Movements

These are movements that allow you to move from one point in space to another. It is canned from
two words, “locos” which means place and “motor” which means movement.

They include the following:

Preparatory movement:

Step - This is the basis of all locomotor movements. It prepares you to move in Walk - Series of steps
executed by both of your feet alternately in any direction.
Run - Series of walks executed quickly in any direction wherein only one foot stays on the ground
while the other is off the ground.

Jump - This movement is simply described by having both feet lose its contact with the ground.

Non-Locomotor movements

These are movements that are performed in one point in space without transferring to another point.
They don’t allow you to move from one place to the other. These movements include: 

Flexion - It is the act of decreasing the angle of a joint. Another term for flexion is to bend.

Extension - This is the opposite of flexion. You are extending if you are increasing the angle of a
joint. Stretching is another word for extension.

Contraction - A muscle movement done when it shortens, narrows and tightens using sufficient
amount of energy in the execution.

Release - A muscle movement opposite to contraction done when it let goes or let loses of being held
into a shortening movement.

Collapse - To deliberately drop the exertion of energy into a body segment.

Recover - The opposite of collapse. This is to regain the energy exerted into a body segment.

Rotation - To rotate is to move a body segment allowing it to complete a circle with its motion.

Twist - To move a body segment from an axis halfway front or back or quarter to the right or left as
in the twisting of the neck allowing the head to face right or left and the like.

Pivot - To change the position of the feet or any body part that carries the body’s weight allowing
the body to face in a less than 360 degrees turn.

Turn - To move in a turning movement with a base of support, usually a pointed foot, the other
raised, while equilibrium is maintained until the completion of the turn.

MAPEH HEALTH

First Aid is an immediate and temporary care given to a person who suddenly gets ill or injured. It
includes self-help and home care if medical assistance is not available or delayed. It can mean the
difference between life and death in extreme cases. However, we must know the limits of the first aid
we can give because improper first aid can actually do more harm than good in some instances.
Anyone who gives first aid is a first aider.
Roles of First Aid

1.    It is a bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the physician.

2.    It is not intended to compete with or to take the place of the services of the physician.

3.    It ends when the services of the physician begin.

Objectives of First Aid

1. To save lives

2. To prolong life

3. To alleviate suffering

4. To prevent further injury

Characteristics of a Good First Aider

1. Gentle – does not cause pain and panic

2. Observant – notices all signs

3. Resourceful – makes the best use of things at hand

4. Tactful – does not frighten the victim

5. Sympathetic – comforts and reassures the victim

Principles of First Aid

(Dos in Giving First Aid) (Don’ts in Giving First Aid)

DON’T give food and drink to
1.DO stay calm. 1.an
      unconscious person.
2.DO reassure and comfort the 2.DON’T move an injured person
  victim.   unless you need to place
      him/her in the recovery position.
 DO check for a medical
3.bracelet    
  indicating a condition, such as    
  epilepsy or diabetes.    
4.DO loosen any tight clothing.    
       
5.DO keep the victim covered to    
  reduce shock.    

Survey of the Scene and the Victims

Is anyone in danger?

Move to the quietest victim

Open the airway

Check the breathing

Look for signs of circulation

Top 10 things to in case of emergency

1. Shout for HELP!

2. Survey the scene and assess the situation.

3. Determine if the accident warrants a visit to the nearest hospital or if simple cleansing and band
aid will do.

4. If you are certified in CPR and a victim needs it, begin CPR right away.

5. Stop the bleeding if there is any.

6. Treat any symptoms of shock.

7. Look for the medical alert tag in every victim.

8. Seek trained medical assistance.

9. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious victim.

10. Wait for medical professionals to arrive.

Dressing is a piece of sterile cloth that covers a wound to prevent infection and/or to stop bleeding.

Techniques in Applying a Dressing

 1. Wash hands and wear gloves, if possible.

2. Unwrap the dressing as close to the wound as possible. Be sure not to touch the wound.

3. Skin is not sterile. If the dressing slips over the victim’s skin while you are trying to position it,
discard and use a fresh one.

4. Place the dressing over the wound.

5. Use a dressing that is large enough to extend at least 1 inch beyond the edges of the wound.

6. If body tissue or organs are exposed, cover the wound with a dressing that will stick.

7. Then secure the dressing with a bandage or adhesive tape.

Cold compress is used to reduce swelling and relieve pain, especially used for sprains and strains.
Cold packs can be used as cold compress. Hot compress is also used to allow normal blood
circulation. Cold and hot compress are applied alternately for closed wounds or contusions.

Bandages are used to apply pressure to bleeding; for covering wounds and burns; and providing
support for immobilization for broken bones, sprains, and strains. There are three main types of
bandages namely: triangular, ace and tubular. Triangular bandage is made from cloth and can be used
as cold compress, padding, support for pressure, or support sling. Ace bandage secures dressings in
place. Tubular bandage is used to support joints or hold dressings in place. Smaller tubular bandage
is used for finger injuries.

Techniques in Bandaging

1. Keep in mind the following:

-Always use a square knot.

-Keep the cloth sterile to avoid infection.

-Always keep the ends.

2. Bandaging technique depends upon the size and location of the wound, your first aid skills, and
materials at hand.

3. Bandage firmly over bleeding and securely over the broken bone, not so tight so as not to cut off
blood circulation.

4. When wrapping bandages around the body, such as knees, ankles, neck, and small back, use its
natural hollows to slide the bandage gently into place.

5. Since most injuries swell, check regularly to ensure that the bandage is still comfortable and that it
remains firmly secured.

6. Secure the bandage with a tape, clips or a bow or square knot. Ensure that the bandages, especially
the knots, do not touch the skin.

How to do a square knot

Right over left and left over right.

Carrying and Transporting an Injured Person

Transporting an injured person to a safer place requires great care. A first aider must undergo proper
training. When doing this, a first aider must consider the following factors:

1. Weight and height of the victim

2. Status of the victim (conscious or unconscious)

3. Environment (safe, floor is smooth, narrow, or wide)

4. Special need considerations (injuries of the victims)