WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM

OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND GRADE

PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES 11

2
LEARNING QUARTER

MODULE WEEK 8
 MODULE IN
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC
AND PROFESSIONAL
PURPOSES

QUARTER 2
WEEK 8
Writing Various Reports
Development Teams
Writer: Carrie Allys E. Ibacarra Princess Khey E. Agbayani
Bryan B. Ecija Rodel Bryan C. Valdez

Editors: Angela A. Garganta Vrenie Joy C. Pedro

Reviewer: Adelyn C. Domingo
Illustrator: Wynnelord Rainier E. Tibay
Lay-out Artist: Wynnelord Rainier E. Tibay

Management Team: Vilma D. Eda Arnel S. Bandiola

Lourdes B. Arucan Juanito V. Labao
Adelyn C. Domingo

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module English 11/12 EAPP 1

 What I Need to Know

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Writing various reports (CS_EN11/12A- EAPP-IIe-j-12)

Objectives:
In your journey through the discussions and different tasks, you are expected to:
1. apply knowledge and skills on report writing; and
2. synthesize a fine technical report of any kind.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module English 11/12 EAPP 2

Day 1

What I Know

Directions: Read and analyze each statement carefully. Write TRUE if the
statement is correct on your answer sheet. Otherwise, FALSE.

1. Conclusion is a summary of the salient parts of the research and written

after presenting and interpreting the results from the research.

2. A well-written conclusion introduces possible new or expanded ways of

thinking about the research problem.

3. One general rule in writing a conclusion is to state the conclusions in a

vague and technical language.

4. If, prior to your conclusion, you have not yet explained the significance of
your findings or if you are proceeding inductively, use the end of your paper
to describe your main points and explain their significance.

5. The conclusion also provides a place for you to restate your research
problem persuasively and succinctly.

6. One strategy to write a conclusion is to recommend a specific course or

courses of action and should not cite a relevant quotation or expert opinion
to lend authority to the conclusion you have reached [a good place to look
is research from your literature review].

7. No new ideas should be introduced in the conclusion.

8. An abstract is a 150- to 500-word paragraph that provides readers with a

quick overview of your essay or report and its organization.

9. The function of an abstract is to describe, to evaluate or defend, the

paper.

10. Your abstract should read like an overview of your paper, not a proposal
for what you intended to study or accomplish.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module English 11/12 EAPP 3

Lesson

8 Writing Various Reports

Reports communicate information which has been compiled because of

research and analysis of data and of issues. Reports can cover a wide range of
topics, but usually focus on transmitting information with a clear purpose, to a
specific audience. Good reports are documents that are accurate, objective, and
complete. They should also be well-written, clearly structured and expressed in a
way that holds the reader's attention and meets their expectations (UniLearning,
2000).

What’s In

The previous modules

have introduced the different
objectives of a report writer as
well as common types of
reports. Some reminders in
report writing and the general
formats of each type were also
presented which you are
expected to be familiar with.
Hence, in this module, we shall
wrap up report writing with
some more tips which you can
apply to become an excellent
report writer.

https://unsplash.com/@kaitlynbaker?utm_source=unsplash&ut
m_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module English 11/12 EAPP 4

 What’s New

Think of a problem the community faces that needs some research to be

solved. Fill in your answers below.
In our community, ____________________________________________
is a problem because ________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
I think research is necessary because____________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________.
Research does not only require solving problems; it is meant for the greater
good of the community. For instance, the gadgets that we are using are products of
intensive research. Additionally, before companies invested on these technologies,
technical reports were needed to make sure these gadgets worked and were worth
the investment.

Day 2

What is It

There are various types of reports including accident reports, annual

reports, feasibility reports, progress reports, research reports, scientific reports,
systems evaluation reports, and troubleshooting reports. Each of these written
works follow a distinct format and structure. One of the significant parts in a report
is the conclusion which acts as a link to show why the analysis and information
written impact the readers (UNC, n.d.). It is important to learn strategies and
methods of writing a good conclusion as this is essential in many types of reports
such as research reports.

A research report includes the conclusion which is a summary of the

salient parts of the research and written after presenting and interpreting the results
from the research. To sum up the focal points of the report, the conclusion is
included in writing reports.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module English 11/12 EAPP 5

 The conclusion generally starts with the summary of the whole report
especially the research problem which is followed by a brief narration of the
methodologies that have been used. The research problems are then answered at
the end including the inferences or generalizations that can be made from the
research (Valdez, 2016).

According to Sacred Heart University (n.d.), a well-written conclusion

provides you with several important opportunities to demonstrate your overall
understanding of the research problem to the reader. These include:

1. Presenting the last word on the issues you raised in your paper. Just as the
introduction gives a first impression to your reader, the conclusion offers a chance
to leave a lasting impression. Do this, for example, by highlighting key points in
your analysis or findings.

2. Summarizing your thoughts and conveying the larger implications of your

study. The conclusion is an opportunity to succinctly answer the "so what?"
question by placing the study within the context of past research about the topic
you have investigated.

3. Demonstrating the importance of your ideas. Do not be shy. The conclusion

offers you a chance to elaborate on the significance of your findings.

4. Introducing possible new or expanded ways of thinking about the research

problem. This does not refer to introducing new information [which should be
avoided], but to offer new insight and creative approaches for
framing/contextualizing the research problem based on the results of your study.

Further, Sacred Heart University (n.d.) presents general rules in writing conclusion
such as:

1. State the conclusions in clear, simple language.

2. Not simply reiterating the results or the discussion.

3. Indicating opportunities for future research, if you have not yet done so in the
discussion section of your paper.
The following should also be considered to assure the appropriateness of the conclusion:
1. If the argument or point of your paper is complex, you may need to summarize the
argument for your reader.
2. If, prior to your conclusion, you have not yet explained the significance of your
findings or if you are proceeding inductively, use the end of your paper to describe
your main points and explain their significance.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module English 11/12 EAPP 6

3. Move from a detailed to a general level of consideration that returns the topic to
the context provided by the introduction or within a new context that emerges from
the data.

The conclusion also provides a place for you to restate your research problem
persuasively and succinctly, given that the reader has now been presented with all the
information about the topic. Depending on the discipline you are writing in, the
concluding paragraph may contain your reflections on the evidence presented, or on
the essay's central research problem. However, the nature of being introspective
about the research you have done will depend on the topic and whether your professor
wants you to express your observations in this way. But take note not to delve into idle
speculation. Being introspective means looking within yourself as an author to try and
understand an issue more deeply not to guess at possible outcomes.
To be able to synthesize a compelling conclusion, these strategies can help you
move beyond merely summarizing the key points of your research paper may include
any of the following.

1. If your essay deals with a contemporary problem, warn readers of the

possible consequences of not attending to the problem.

2. Recommend a specific course or courses of action.

3. Cite a relevant quotation or expert opinion to lend authority to the conclusion

you have reached [a good place to look is research from your literature
review].

4. Restate a key statistic, fact, or visual image to drive home the ultimate point
of your paper.

5. If your discipline encourages personal reflection, illustrate your concluding

point with a relevant narrative drawn from your own life experiences.

6. Return to an anecdote, an example, or a quotation that you introduced in your

introduction, but add further insight that is derived from the findings of your
study; use your interpretation of results to reframe it in new ways.

7. Provide a "take-home" message in the form of a strong, succinct statement

that you want the reader to remember about your study.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module English 11/12 EAPP 7

Walden University (n.d.) provided an example of a conclusion:
As addressed in my analysis of recent research, the advantages of a later
starting time for high school students significantly outweigh the disadvantages. A
later starting time would allow teens more time to sleep--something that is important
for their physical and mental health--and ultimately improve their academic
performance and behavior. The added transportation costs that result from this
change can be absorbed through energy savings. The beneficial effects on the
students’ academic performance and behavior validate this decision, but its effect
on student motivation is still unknown. I would encourage an in-depth look at the
reactions of students to such a change. This sort of study would help determine the
actual effects of a later start time on the time management and sleep habits of
students.
Such conclusion answers these following questions which aid in writing a conclusion:

1. Is the thesis of the paper accurately restated here (but not repeated
verbatim)? It is important to remind the reader of the thesis of the paper, so he is
reminded of the argument and solutions you proposed.

2. Are the main points of the paper addressed and pulled together? Think of the
main points as puzzle pieces, and the conclusion is where they all fit together to
create a bigger picture. The reader should walk away with the bigger picture in
mind.

3. Did you remind the reader of the importance of the topic? Make sure that the
paper places its findings in the context of real social change.

4. Is there a sense of closure? Make sure the reader has a distinct sense that the
paper has come to an end. It is important to not leave the reader hanging. (You do
not want her to have flip-the-page syndrome, where the reader turns the page,
expecting the paper to continue. The paper should naturally come to an end.)

5. Did you avoid presenting new information? No new ideas should be introduced
in the conclusion. It is simply a review of the material that is already present in the
paper. The only new idea would be the suggesting of a direction for future
research.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module English 11/12 EAPP 8

Day 3

What’s More

https://martechtoday.com/optimizely-buys-experiment-engine-optimization-tools-197632

Scientific reports often contain the abstract which is written after all the
part of the report is done. Generally, the abstract summarizes the research project
and includes the following as proposed by the University of Wisconsin-Madison
(n.d.):

1. the context or background information for your research; the general topic under
study; the specific topic of your research

2. the central questions or statement of the problem your research addresses

3. what’s already known about this question, what previous research has done or
shown

4. the main reason(s), the exigency, the rationale, the goals for your research—Why is
it important to address these questions? Are you, for example, examining a new
topic? Why is that topic worth examining? Are you filling a gap in previous research?
Applying new methods to take a fresh look at existing ideas or data? Resolving a
dispute within the literature in your field? . . .

5. your research and/or analytical methods

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module English 11/12 EAPP 9

 6. your main findings, results, or arguments

7. the significance or implications of your findings or arguments.

Furthermore, an abstract is a 150- to 250-word paragraph that provides
readers with a quick overview of your essay or report and its organization. It should
express your thesis (or central idea) and your key points; it should also suggest any
implications or applications of the research you discuss in the paper. (George
Mason University, n.d.).
According to Carole Slade, an abstract is “a concise summary of the entire
paper.” The function of an abstract is to describe, not to evaluate or defend, the
paper. Additionally, the abstract should begin with a brief but precise statement of
the problem or issue, followed by a description of the research method and design,
the major findings, and the conclusions reached. The abstract should contain the
most important key words referring to method and content: these facilitate access
to the abstract by computer search and enable a reader to decide whether to read
the entire dissertation.

Note: Your abstract should read like an overview of your paper, not a proposal for
what you intended to study or accomplish. Avoid beginning your sentences with
phrases like, “This essay will examine...” or “In this research paper I will attempt to
prove...”

Bad Abstract: Good Abstract:

This paper will look at the human genome Begun in 1988, the human genome
project and its goals. I will prove that project intends to map the 23
scientists have ethical and moral chromosomes that provide the blueprint
questions about genetic engineering for the human species. The project has
because of this project. both scientific and ethical goals. The
scientific goals underscore the
advantages of the genome project,
including identifying and curing
diseases and enabling people to select
the traits of their offspring, among other
opportunities. Ethically, however, the
project raises serious questions about
the morality of genetic engineering. To
handle both the medical opportunities

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module English 11/12 EAPP 10

 and ethical dilemmas posed by the
genome project, scientists need to
develop a clear set of principles for
genetic engineering and to continue
educating the public about the genome
project.

(The examples above were taken from Form and Style (10th ed.), by Carole Slade;
The Scott, Foresman Handbook for Writers (5th ed.); and the Publication Manual of
the American Psychological Association (5th ed.).)

Note: The following are specifications for an abstract in APA style, used in the social
sciences, such as psychology or anthropology. If you are in another discipline,
check with your professor about the format for the abstract.

Impact of students' use of technology on their learning achievements in

physiology courses at the University of Dammam
Mohammed T. Al-Hariri, PhD and Abdulghani A. al-Hattami, PhD

https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/happy-students-pupils-watching-study
webinar-isolated-flat illustration_12291100.htm#page=1&query=education
%20technology&position=4

Abstract

Objective

This study was conducted to investigate the possible relationship between students' use
of technology and their achievements in physiology courses at five health colleges of the
University of Dammam.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module English 11/12 EAPP 11

Methods

This study was conducted on 231 students studying physiology during their 2nd year at
one of five health colleges (Medicine, Dental, Clinical Pharmacy, Applied Medical
Sciences, and Nursing). An online survey was sent to the students regarding their use of
technology and the devices they use. The Pearson correlation coefficient and descriptive
statistics were implemented to study the frequency of, and relationship between,
technology and learning achievement in physiology courses.

Results

This study observed a significant relationship between students' use of technology and
their achievements in health colleges. The study also demonstrated that the most-used
devices are laptops (50%) and phones (42%) followed by tablets (7%) and desktop
computers (0.5%). This paper reports on the results of the survey, documenting what was
revealed regarding how technology is used among students at the health colleges, as
well as the important benefits on their achievements during physiology courses.

Conclusions

Technology usage might produce comparatively more significant increases in academic

achievement than would non-usage. Further research is warranted to examine its effects.

My Q & A:

1. What is the main objective of the study?

2. What are the methods used?

3. What are the results of the study?

4. What conclusion is derived from the study?

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module English 11/12 EAPP 12

 What I Have Learned

Directions: Read the situation below. Do what is required.

Your friend has been working on a research report for a couple of months
already. He feels like his mind can no longer function well to finish off the
conclusion. Being compassionate, you cannot just sit and do nothing while seeing
your friend worried.
Send him/her an email giving him tips and suggestions on how to write a
conclusion. But before doing that, write your tips and suggestions on a separate
sheet of paper for checking by your teacher.

Day 4

What I Can Do

Conclusion Checklist
A conclusion is an important part of any essay or other type of written piece. As you
have learned in this module, a conclusion should include a restatement of the thesis, a review
of the main points, and other appropriate points. Below is a writing template adapted from
https://www.k12reader.com/worksheet/conclusion-checklist/. Copy the template and use it as
your guide in developing the topic given below. Be sure to make a good introduction, body
and of course, a good conclusion. The checklist at the right provides tips for you to be able to
develop your topic and make a strong conclusion. Are you ready? Here is your topic:

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module English 11/12 EAPP 13

 The year 2020 has become a roller coaster ride for everyone. The COVID- 19
pandemic started and is still battling with the world, thus, as a learner, your routine
before and after the pandemic differs a lot. Things have changed, so are the way
you have been learning.
Write about your experiences in studying in the new normal and how it has affected
your learning using the Conclusion Checklist and the lessons that you have learned in
writing a good report.
Conclusion Checklist:
I. Introduction
1. Write how you
Possible Questions to answer in the restated your
thesis.
Introduction:

1. State your Thesis

• What do you think about learning in

the new normal? Write about your
modality.

• Describe how you feel about it. Were

you excited? Were you nervous?
Why?

II. Body
2. Write how you
Main Point 1. reviewed your
main points.
What are your experiences regarding your
chosen modality? Do you like what is
happening?

Main Point 2.
Describe other experiences/ other insights.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module English 11/12 EAPP 14

 Main Point 3.
Add more insights if there are.

III. Conclusion
3. What other
See the Conclusion Checklist (Items 1,2 and 3) points did you
include in your
at the other side.
conclusion?

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module English 11/12 EAPP 15

 Assessment

Directions: Read and analyze each statement carefully. Write TRUE if the
statement is correct on your answer sheet. Otherwise, FALSE.

1. Conclusion is a summary of the salient parts of the research and

written after presenting and interpreting the results from the research.

2. A well-written conclusion introduces possible new or expanded ways

of thinking about the research problem.

3. One general rule in writing a conclusion is to state the conclusions in

a vague and technical language.

4. If, prior to your conclusion, you have not yet explained the
significance of your findings or if you are proceeding inductively, use
the end of your paper to describe your main points and explain their
significance.

5. The conclusion also provides a place for you to restate your

research problem persuasively and succinctly.

6. One strategy to write a conclusion is to recommend a specific course

or courses of action and should not cite a relevant quotation or expert
opinion to lend authority to the conclusion you have reached [a good
place to look is research from your literature review].

7. No new ideas should be introduced in the conclusion.

8. An abstract is a 150- to 500-word paragraph that provides readers

with a quick overview of your essay or report and its organization.

9. The function of an abstract is to describe, to evaluate or defend, the

paper.

10. Your abstract should read like an overview of your paper, not a
proposal for what you intended to study or accomplish.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module English 11/12 EAPP 16

 References

Conclusion Checklist retrieved February 7, 2020 from

https://www.k12reader.com/worksheet/conclusion-checklist/
George Mason University (n.d). Writing an Abstract. Retrieved February 06,
2021 from https://writingcenter.gmu.edu/guides/writing-an-abstract

Sacred Heart University (n.d.). Organizing Academic Research Papers: 9.

The Conclusion. Retrieved February 06, 2021 from
https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.php?g=29803&p=185935

UNC (n.d.). Conclusions. Retrieved February 06, 2021 from

https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/conclusions/

University of Wisconsin-Madison (n.d.). Writing an Abstract for Your

Research Paper. Retrieved February 06, 2021 from
https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/assignments/writing-an-abstract-
for-your-research-paper/

Walden University (n.d.). Wrting a Paper: Conclusions. Retrieved February 06,

2021 from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/
writingprocess /conclusions

https://unsplash.com/@kaitlynbaker?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral
&utm_content=creditCopyText
https://www.thedailystar.net/health/news/resistance-antibiotic-therapy-how-
long-long-enough-1767556

https://martechtoday.com/optimizely-buys-experiment-engine-optimization-
tools-197632

https://www.e-education.psu.edu/styleforstudents/sites/www.e-
education.psu.edu.styleforstudents/files/file/Chapter%206/Sample%
20PROGRESS%20REPORT.pdf

https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/happy-students-pupils-watching-study
webinar-isolated-flat
illustration_12291100.htm#page=1&query=education
%20technology&position=4

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module English 11/12 EAPP 17

18 English 11/12 EAPP Self-Learning Module MELC-Aligned WBLS-OBE
Assessment What I Know
1. True 1. True
2. True 2. True
3. False 3. False
4. True 4. True
5. True 5. True
6. False 6. False
7. True 7. True
8. False 8. False
9. False 9. False
10. True 10. True
Answer Key
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education-Schools Division of Laoag City
Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)
Brgy. 23 San Matias, Laoag City 2900
Contact Number: (077)771-3678
Email Address: laoagcity@deped.gov.ph