REPORTING FINDINGS,

DRAWING CONCLUSIONS,
AND MAKING
RECOMMENDATIONS
INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION, AND IMMERSION

Labo NHS | 2024

“Research is to see what everybody
else has seen, and to think what
nobody else has thought.”

-Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
 OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

• summarize the findings of the study

• draw conclusions from the findings of each
problem
• formulate recommendations based on the problem
PROBLEM SCENARIO

Like all other researchers, coming up with a

sound conclusion and an insightful
recommendations is challenging.
The need to correctly read the analysis and
interpretation aid the composition of a good
Summary of Findings. When everything is clear
and simple, it can be easier to draw a conclusion
and formulate good recommendations.
This is what the researcher did that lead her to
the writing of the chapter for Summary of
Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations of
the research.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

• create a good introduction

• be brief and direct
• to ascertain a point, you may want
to relate the actual findings to
existing literature especially those
you reviewed.
FINDINGS DEAL WITH THE RESULTS
OF THE STUDY. THE RESULTS ARE
TRANSLATED INTO EASILY
UNDERSTANDABLE LANGUAGE.
YOU DISCUSS THE MAIN FINDINGS
FROM THE RESEARCH AND WHERE
APPLICABLE, RELATE THE
LITERATURE TO THE RESEARCH
PROBLEMS.(TRINIDAD 2018, 156)
IN THE RESULTS OF THE REPORT, YOU
MAKE SENSE OF WHAT YOU HAVE
UNCOVERED BY PRESENTING THE
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSING POSSIBLE
REASONS FOR THOSE FINDINGS.
IN THIS SECTION, HYPOTHESIS IS
ACCEPTED OR REJECTED BASED ON
FINDINGS (KOTHARI 2004, 344-345).
QUESTIONS YOU NEED TO ANSWER IN THE
DISCUSSION OF THE FINDINGS:
1. Do your findings answer your research question? What is
your interpretation of the findings?
2. Do your results agree with what others have written before or
do your findings link up with those of other findings?
3. If it does, what does your research contribute?
4. If it does not, what alternative explanations could be given?
5. What can be generalized from the study? What are the main
points?
GUIDELINES IN MAKING SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
According to Calderon and Gonzales (2011, 241-242) the guidelines are:

1. There should be brief statement about the objective of the study, the type
of research used, the size of the sample respondents or population, the
period of the study, the locale of the study, the research instrument, and the
sampling design used. There should be no explanations made.
GUIDELINES IN MAKING SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
According to Calderon and Gonzales (2011, 241-242) the guidelines are:

2. The findings may be joined together. Due to the demand of clarity,

summary of findings must answer each specific question under the
statement of the problem and must be written first to be followed by the
findings that would answer it.
GUIDELINES IN MAKING SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

3. The findings should be textual generalizations, that is, summary of the

important data consisting of text and numbers.
GUIDELINES IN MAKING SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

4. ONLY THE SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS, THE HIGHLIGHTS OF THE

DATA, SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN THE SUMMARY, ESPECIALLY
THOSE UPON WHICH THE CONCLUSIONS SHOULD BE BASED. NO
DEDUCTIONS, INFERENCES, OR INTERPRETATION BE MADE
OTHERWISE IT WILL ONLY BE DUPLICATED IN THE
CONCLUSION.
GUIDELINES IN MAKING SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

5. FINDINGS SHOULD NOT BE ELABORATED. THEY SHOULD BE

BRIEF BUT COMPREHENSIVE.

6. NO NEW DATA SHOULD BE INTRODUCED IN THE SUMMARY.

Example of Summary of Findings

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a supplementary Theme-based learning

package in English 8 based on the Curriculum of Grade 8 English of the 21 selected
secondary schools, District II of San Mateo, Rizal for the school year 2016-2017. The
descriptive method of research was used in this study with the questionnaire as the
data-gathering instrument. The criteria used to evaluate the developed supplementary
theme-based learning package are the following: appropriateness, clarity, relevance,
content, manner of presentation, and technical quality. The respondents are 30 English
teachers and 20 English experts. The data were treated statistically using ranking,
weighted mean, and t-test (Coles 2017, 70-73).
The salient findings of the study are the following:

1. The top 10 identified difficult learning competencies in G8 English as perceived by

the English teachers are the following: Identifying the Mood and Tone of the Poem,
Getting the Main Idea and its Supporting Details, Organizing Important Details to Fill
an Outline, Abstracting Information from the Text by Noting Explicit and Implicit
Signals, Identifying Propaganda Strategies Used in Advertisements, and Decoding the
Meaning of Unfamiliar Words Using Structural Analysis.
2. The supplementary theme-based learning package was perceived by both English
teachers and expert respondents as Very Highly Acceptable in terms of all six criteria
such as appropriateness, clarity, relevance, content, manner of presentation and
technical quality as shown by the grand weighted means of 4.74 and 4.68 respectively.
3. There was no significant difference in the perceptions of the two groups of
respondents in terms of appropriateness, clarity, content and manner of presentation,
but there was a significant difference between the perceptions of the two groups of
respondents on the relevance and technical quality.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

Bear in mind that in writing this

subsection, you should be clear and on
point of the details and of their
connection to the mentioned
literature.
QUIZ (1/4 SHEET OF PAPER)

• It is the principal outcomes of the

results of the study.

A. Conclusion C. Findings
B. Recommendation D. Report
2. It is not just a summary of the main
points but a synthesis of the key
points.

A. Conclusion C. Findings
B. Recommendation D. Report
3. Which of the following is not a guideline in
writing findings?
A. Brief statement of the objectives of the study
must be written
B. New data should be introduced in the
summary.
C. Findings should not be elaborated.
D. The findings should be textual generalizations.
4. Which is an example of a finding?
A. There is a need to conduct a more comprehensive analysis
of qualitative studies to reveal areas that require additional
investigation.
B. Teaching professionals working with teenagers may
develop a wide range of practical and interpersonal skills.
C. The study shows that pregnant students experienced
physical, emotional, and mental distress, anxiety of the
unknown, shame and humiliation, love and support of
significant others.
D. Programs that promote abstinence should be developed.
5. Give at least 3 guidelines in writing the Summary of
Findings.
6. Write at least one possible finding of your current research
study.
DRAWING CONCLUSIONS

The conclusion discusses the facts found by

researcher and how they contributed to a
logical opinion.
A good conclusion should:
a. present the issues you raised in your
paper
b. summarize the thoughts and convey the
larger significance of your study
c. identify how a gap in the literature has
been addressed.
d. demonstrate the importance of your
ideas
e. introduce possible new or expanded
ways of thinking about the research
problem.
MAKING RECOMMENDATION

• should be based on your drawn

conclusion
• must be written concisely and
clearly
GUIDELINES TO MAKE YOUR
RECOMMENDATIONS:
• They must be logical
by making sure that
they flow sensibly
from the conclusions.
 GUIDELINES TO MAKE YOUR
RECOMMENDATIONS:
2. They must be relevant,
which is achieved when they
meet the purpose and scope
stated in the introduction
 GUIDELINES TO MAKE YOUR
RECOMMENDATIONS:
3. They must be concise by
using words that are
precise.
 GUIDELINES TO MAKE YOUR
RECOMMENDATIONS:
4. They must be clear by
avoiding ambiguity,
particularly on how a
recommendation is to be
implemented.
After completing Chapter 5 of your research, the references
should follow and be listed in separate page.

REFERENCES

AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL
ASSOCIATION
INDIVIDUAL WORK

In your own words, briefly discuss the content expected of the research sections
stated below. Include ways on how to write them effectively.

1 Summary of Findings
2. Conclusions
3. Recommendations
 COLLABORATIVE TASK
• Meet with your research group. Thoroughly
discuss the analysis and interpretation of the
data that you previously worked on. Then,
individually list down important information
from the data as well as specific findings
therein. Finally submit your output to your
research leaders.
 COLLABORATIVE TASK
2. As the research leaders, facilitate the
brainstorming for the submitted output to list the
important information and findings. Scrutinize
with your group what are needed to be included
to prepare the Summary of Findings. Then draft
for this section.
 COLLABORATIVE TASK
3. Out of the findings, devote some time to
analyze them critically. Let each of the members
draw a conclusion from it. Then, consolidate the
inputs and write the draft of the Conclusions
section.
 COLLABORATIVE TASK
4. Revise the drafts (Summary of Findings and
Conclusions) collaboratively. You can work off-line
or online. Consult with your research facilitator to
improve your output.
 EXIT TASK
Now you will be simulating the role of an
analyst/consultant. Act as one and offer
recommendations for a problem
encountered by organization. Here the
documents to be reviewed for analysis
and consultation will be the two drafts
you previously prepared.
 EXIT TASK
As a team of consultants, each of you is
expected to give one or two feasible
recommendations. Then you will
collaboratively finalize the
recommendations and write the
Recommendations paper. This will serve
as the recommendation section of your
research.
 COLLABORATIVE PROJECT
• Consolidate all the drafts (Summary of Findings,
Conclusions, and Recommendations) previously
written by your group.
• Prepare the final draft of the chapter on Summary of
Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations.
• Submit it to your teacher.
Your output will be graded using this rubric.
Labo NHS | 2024