ROAD TO

QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
Research is……
Research is a careful, systematic and
objective investigation conducted to obtain
valid facts, draw conclusions and
established principles regarding an
identifiable problem in some field of
knowledge
-CLARKE AND
CLARKE
According to John W. Best, “Research is
considered to be the more formal, systematic,
intensive process of carrying on the scientific
methods of analysis. It involves a more
systematic structure of investigation, usually
resulting in some sort of formal record of
procedures and a report of results or conclusions.”
According to James Harvey
Robinson who defines “Research is
but diligent search which enjoys the
high flavor or primitive hunting.”
According to James Harvey
Robinson who defines “Research is
but diligent search which enjoys the
high flavor or primitive hunting.”
According to John W. Creswell,
who said that "research is a process
of steps used to collect and analyze
information to increase our
understanding of a topic or issue".
 Chapter 1
Introduction
Background of the study

Statement of the Problem

Significance of the Study

 Chapter 2
Related Studies and
Literature
 Chapter 3
Methodology
Research Design
Sources of Data
Locale of the Study
Respondents/Participants
Sampling Method
 Chapter 4
Presentation and
Interpretation of Data
 Chapter 5
Summary, Conclusion, and
Recommendation
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendation
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
It will ENCOURAGE OR DISCOURAGE
the readers to read your research
STATE THE REASONFOR YOU TO
CONDUCT THE STUDY
It will ENCOURAGE OR DISCOURAGE
the readers to read your research

STATE THE REASONFOR YOU TO

CONDUCT THE STUDY
TECHNIQUES IN WRITING RESEARCH
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1. DEFICIENCIES MODEL (J.W. CRESWELL 2012)

PARTS:
A. STATE THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
B. STUDIES THAT HAVE ADDRESSED THE PROBLEM
C. DEFICIENCIES IN THE STUDY (GAP/NOT COVERED)
D. IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY FOR AN AUDIENCE
E. THE PURPOSE STATEMENT
TECHNIQUES IN WRITING RESEARCH
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
2. T.I.O.C Approach (A. Nugui, 2019)

PARTS:
T- Trends (Current situation of your study, updated reference)
I- Issues (gaps/blind spot)
O- Objectives (reason)
C- Contributions (importance of your study
TECHNIQUES IN WRITING RESEARCH
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
3. Inverted Pyramid Approach

General Topic (Global literature

Facts (present)
Previous researchers about your topic
Facts, statistics and Legal Bases
Global, National, Local, School-Based
Importance of your study
Frequently asked questions in formulating
your BACKGROUND
1. .How many pages?
 No required pages usually it is 2-3 pages

2. How many citations in the research background

 2-3 citations

3. How to start writing your BACKGROUND?

- Check your topic and start READING.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study aims to determine the…..
(General Problem)

Specifically, it aims to answer the

following questions
(Specific Questions)
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Identifies the
beneficiaries and
benefits will give when
the problem is solved.
Format of Writing the
Significance of the Study

1. Paragraph form

2. Enumerated form
1. Paragraph form
STYLE of Writing the
Significance of the Study
1. Hierarchical Style
Position/authority

2. According to importance
Most benefited
Don’ts of writing a significance
statement
Don’t make it too long. BE SPECIFIC
Don’t repeat any information that has
been presented in other sections.
Don’t overstate or exaggerate the
importance; it should match your
actual findings.
Consideration in Writing the Significance of the
Study
 Always refer to the statement of the problem
 This way you can clearly define the contribution of
your study.
 What are the benefits or advantages of the
study based on the statement of the problem?
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
• It illustrates what the
researcher expects to find in the
research
• It guides the researcher by
giving clear directions to the
research
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
• In research, the simplest way,
easiest way to explain complex
relationships among your
variables is through a particular
diagram – the conceptual
framework
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Types of Definition of TERMS

A. CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION
-universal meaning of the term, understood by many people,
or theoretical definition

B. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
-how the terms is applied or used in the research
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Reminders in Writing Definition of Terms
1. Only words or phrases that have special meaning of the
study are defined.
2. What to define, words in the title (variable), technical terms,
words for treatments- data analysis terms
3. Define the term conceptually or operationally or both.

4. If the definition are from sources (dictionary, encyclopedia) do not forget

to CITE

5. If there are uncommon acronyms include them, spell them out and give their meaning
 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
LIMITATION VS DELIMITATION
DELIMITATION- narrow of the scope
of the study, set by the researcher
LIMITATION- aim to identify the potential
weaknesses of the study
 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The extent to which the research
area will be explored
Explain the parameters within which the
study will be operating
 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The extent to which the research
area will be explored
Explain the parameters within which the
study will be operating