Autosynchroniser

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— What is synchronization?
— Parameters required for synchronization.
— Methods of synchronization.
— Need of autosynchroniser.
— Drawing documents/tools required for
commissioning
— Commissioning checks.
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The process of connecting a generator to the grid is called
Synchronization.
The generator can be connected to grid only when
following parameters are fulfilled
— Synchronization was done manually
with the help of Voltmeters and
Synchroscope .
— First, the generator speed was taken
near to synchronous speed (3000 rpm)
— Voltage Matching: Then, with the
help of Voltmeters the Voltage of the
Generator was matched with the Grid’s
by adjusting the Field Excitation.
— Then the Synchroscope is switched
“ON”.
— Synchroscope :In AC electrical power s ystems, a
synchroscope is a device that indicates the degree
to which two systems (generators or power
networks) are synchronised with each other
— Frequency Matching : this condition is indicated by

synchroscope. When synchroscope show 12 O’
clock position it means both frequencies are
matched.
— Phase Matching: The position (as opposed to movement) of the needle on
a synchroscope indicates the current phase angle between the two systems. The
angle between the systems is zero when the synchroscope needle is pointing at
12O Clock position.
— If the needle read "fast," then the plant's generator had to be slowed down by a
very small amount and the needle would turn counter-clockwise (toward the
zero mark). Alternatively, if the needle read "slow," then the plant operator
would speed the generator up slightly, and the needle would turn clockwise.
— Slightly before the needle reached the zero mark, the plant operator used to
return the generator to the grid frequency in order to stop the needle when it
reached the zero mark. When the needle reached zero and was not moving, the
two systems were synchronized
Ø The Manual Synchronizat ion is a time consuming process
ØManual adjustment of Speed & Excitation requires a high

level of skill
ØThe exact “zero” position is very hard to achieve manually.
ØThere is always a chance of a possible Human Error
— Auto synchronization (ASR) is used for fast & error
free synchronization of generators with the grid.
ASR matches the voltage & frequency of the Generator with the Grid. For this
it takes one of the phase voltages of both Grid & generator via PT (which steps
down the voltages to the order of 110V) as inputs. It then compares the two
voltages for magnitude. Depending upon the deviation in voltage magnitude it
gives raise/lower command to Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) for varying
the generator excitation accordingly.
Similarly, ASR also compares the frequencies of the two input voltages and
accordingly gives raise/lower commands to speeder gear to
increase/decrease the speed of the generator to match the generator
frequency with the grid frequency.
— EDN/SIEMENS Make :- This is used in Electronic Automation of
Steam Turbines (EAST)package for synchronisation of steam turbines and in
auto sequencer hydro sets
— ALSTOM Make FYP 154 model:- This is used for

synchronisation of Generators from generator control panel.
— Mark V auto Synchroniser: - Used for gas turbines .

— ABB Synchrotact and ABB Load management
system.
— Instruction manual for Auto Synchronizer (ASR)
& Load Shedding relay containing the details of
modules
— Cable termination details of the ASR panel
— Generator control & relay panel drawings (either

in BHEL scope or customer scope). This is used
for extending PT supply to ASR panel and
breaker closing contact
— Excitation system drawing for connection details
of cables from ASR panel to AVR
— Generator control desk (GCD) drawing for
interconnection of auto switch contact (GCD in
Auto)
— A good quality multimeter for measurement
of voltage and frequency.
— A good quality continuity tester.
— Pliers, tester and connector.
— Omicron relay testing kit having facility of
at least two sets of single phase voltage with
variable magnitude of voltage and
frequency.
— Check if all cards are as per schematic.
— Check for inter connection cabling between

external panels and auto synchroniser
inputs/outputs .
— The cabling should be checked 100% preferably
using a buzzer or continuity tester.
— Check inter panel cabling.
— Check IR value for PT circuit inside the panel

using 500 Volt Insulation Tester .
— Arrange an OMICRON KIT for testing the
Auto Synchronizer UNIT.
— Any of the phases of the first voltage set can
be connected as Grid Voltage and should be
kept fixed at 110 V, 50 Hz, Zero deg Phase
angle. Any phase voltage (with varying
amplitude, phase and frequency) of the other
set may be used as incoming voltage
(Generator input) and may be varied as
desired while testing the Auto synchronizer
Unit.
— The voltage feeding should be done from
Generator Control Panel, where actual inputs
from Generator and Bus PTs are available.
— Prior to any voltage injection, PT wires
coming from the field must be isolated
— Remove closing command for generator breaker closing
— Monitor the breaker closing output using a analogue multimeter or a lamp type
continuity tester
— Do not use digital meters as the command is of few millisecond duration .
— Simulate the speed contact, if required.
— Switch on Auto synchroniser and check that voltages are extended as per scheme. For
EAST,24 V will get extended through this switch
— Initially keep voltage difference between grid and generator voltage more than ∆V and
observe raise/lower commands going to AVR. When both voltages are matched DELTA V
<” ON and “STAT” LED ON .
— Initially keep frequency difference between grid and generator more than ∆f. but keep
generator frequency more than 47.5 Hz (it corresponds to speed more than 2850 rpm).
observe raise/lower command going to speeder gear .
— Check output for higher voltage & lower voltages that respective command goes
respectively.
— Check started & blocked indication also
— If ASR gets on command when both voltages and frequencies are matched ASR will not
give any correction/closing command.
— ΔF = 0.1 Hz — tp(module 7TW 2400-0) = 0.2 sec
— tE = 200 msec — Impulse/rot =2
— ΔU = 2V — tk =500 msec
— tw = 2 sec — Plugs A & B to be inserted
— tp (module 7TW 2300-0)= 1 sec
S.NO Description LED status Adjustment Breaker command
commands
Power supply ON.
Grid and Generator All BLOCK LEDs OFF.LED No adjustment
1 signals are fed. “Ready” ON command issues in NO
(frequencies to be LEDs “A” & “B” ON & OFF this stage
different)
Both Voltage and
Frequency
Adjustment
Starting pulse given “Ready” OFF
2 command given to NO
and apparatus runs “Runs” ON
AVR and Speeder
gear respectively in
form of Pulses
“DELTA V <” ON Voltage adjustment
3 Voltage matched NO
“STAT” ON stops
Frequency
4 Frequency matched NO
adjustment stops
Phase difference
5 monitored and “DYN” ON NO YES
switching point found
“Runs” and “STAT”
OFF
“DYN” flashes dimly
6 After closing command NO NO
periodically
LEDs “A”& “B” ON and OFF.
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Autosynchroniser

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POWER SECTOR TECHNICA L SERVICES

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— Frequency Matching : this condition is indicated by

POWER SECTOR TECHNICA L SERVICES

POWER SECTOR TECHNICA L SERVICES

ØManual adjustment of Speed & Excitation requires a high

ØThe exact “zero” position is very hard to achieve manually.

ØThere is always a chance of a possible Human Error

POWER SECTOR TECHNICA L SERVICES

POWER SECTOR TECHNICA L SERVICES

— ALSTOM Make FYP 154 model:- This is used for

— Mark V auto Synchroniser: - Used for gas turbines .

POWER SECTOR TECHNICA L SERVICES

— Generator control & relay panel drawings (either

POWER SECTOR TECHNICA L SERVICES

POWER SECTOR TECHNICA L SERVICES

— Check for inter connection cabling between

— Check IR value for PT circuit inside the panel

POWER SECTOR TECHNICA L SERVICES

POWER SECTOR TECHNICA L SERVICES

POWER SECTOR TECHNICA L SERVICES

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