PUCMM

– School of Languages – English

ILE-305 –
Prepared by Professor Marianella Belliard, Ph.D.

~ IF CLAUSES ~



FACTUAL


1. Situations about things that are “facts” (by law/rule/logic)


IF + VERB CONJUGATION VERB CONJUGATION




IF + SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT


If John STAYS home, …he GETS bored.

If you DROP glass, …it BREAKS.

If it RAINS, …we GET wet.

If I STUDY, …I PASS.


2. Promise – Anticipation -- Prediction



IF + VERB CONJUTATION VERB CONJUGATION




IF + SIMPLE PRESENT A FORM OF FUTURE

If I GO to the gym, …I WILL HAVE the perfect body.

If I STUDY hard, …I am going to be a doctor.

If Daniel EATS his carrots, …I’m buying him a toy.


COUNTERFACT (Hypothesis contrary to a fact)


1. FACT (SITUATION) IN THE PRESENT (NOW)


IF + VERB CONJUGATION VERB CONJUGATION




IF + SIMPLE PAST (SUBJUNCTIVE) PRESENT CONDITIONAL


IF I HAD money, …I WOULD BUY a big house.

If I WERE you, …I WOULD NOT DO that.


2) FACT IN THE PAST (For Situations that have already happened)



IF + VERB CONJUGATION VERB CONJUGATION




IF + PAST PERFECT (SUBJUNCTIVE)
PRESENT PERFECT CONDITIONAL


If I HAD KNOWN, …I WOULD NOT HAVE GONE out.


3) FACT (SITUATION) IN THE PAST THAT AFFECTS THE PRESENT



IF + VERB CONJUGATION VERB CONJUGATION




IF + PAST PERFECT PRESENT CONDITIONAL

I HAD STUDIED, …I WOULD NOT BE nervous right now.
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