Parts of Speech

(there are nine, if you have forgotten)

By- Afreen Afshan and Samrridhyi Rudola
 What is a noun?

A noun is a word that

represents a person,
NOUNS thing, concept, or place.
Most sentences contain
at least one noun or
pronoun.
for example: John
went out.
The dog ran very
fast.
How to teach Make students circle nouns in their
nouns? favorite stories
Noun sort
people place things

scavenger hunt
common vs proper noun sort
T-Chart
common proper
color blue ,green
 A pronoun takes the place of a
noun in a sentence. It substitutes
the noun in a paragraph or piece of
writing to avoid repetition of the
noun.
Personal
pronouns
PRONOUNS Demonstrative
pronouns
& Types of Interrogative
pronouns
Pronouns Relative
pronouns
Reciprocal
pronouns
Reflexive
pronouns
Possesive
pronouns
Types of pronouns
Demonstrative
Personal pronouns:
pronouns:
are pronouns that
are pronouns that are
are used to
used to point to
substitute proper
specific objects. Some
names. for eg.,I, you,
examples of
he, she, we, they,
demonstrative
him, her, he, she, us
pronouns are this, that,
and them. these and those.

Relative pronouns:
Interrogative
are pronouns that are
Pronouns: are used to relate one part
pronouns that are of the sentence to
used to ask another. Some examples
questions. some of relative pronouns are
examples are, who, that, which, where,
what, when, why when, why, what, whom
and where. and whose.
Some more types of pronouns

Reflexive Pronoun:
Reciprocal Pronoun: Possessive pronoun:
are pronouns that are
are pronouns that used to refer back to the are pronouns that are
are used to express a subject in the sentence. used to show
mutual relationship. Some examples of
possession. Some
Some examples of reflexive pronouns are
examples of possessive
reciprocal pronouns myself, yourself, herself,
himself, oneself, itself, pronouns are mine,
are each other and yours, his, hers, theirs
ourselves, themselves and
one another. yourselves. and its.
 What is a Verb?

A verb is a word that

describes what the
subject of a sentence is
doing. Verbs can indicate
(physical or mental)
VERBS actions, occurrences, and
states of being.
examples:
Jeffrey builds a
house.
Anita is thinking
about horses.
True love exists.
TYPES OF VERBS
AUXILIARY VERBS:
(also called helping verbs) include MODAL VERBS:
are auxiliary verbs that are used along
verbs such as “be,” “do,” and “have.” with another (main) verb to express
They’re used in combination with ability, permission, possibility,
another (main) verb to modify its necessity, or obligation. The main
modal verbs are can, could, may,
meaning. Auxiliary verbs can be used
might, must, ought, shall, should, will,
to indicate tense, mood, and voice. and would. Modal verbs do not
They’re also used to form negative change form
statements when used with words Examples:
I can read Arabic and Hebrew.
such as “not” and “never.”
Martin should speak a little louder.
Examples:
I am waiting.
Did you enjoy the meal?
The door was locked.
 SOME MORE TYPES OF VERBS
PHRASAL VERBS:
It is a phrase made up of two or more
words that acts as an individual verb.
Phrasal verbs typically combine a verb
with an adverb or preposition to
create a meaning independent of the
original words. For example, the verb
“kick” and the preposition “off”
combine to form the phrasal verb
“kick off,” which means “begin.”
Example:
I’m going to move out next month.
LINKING VERBS:
it is a type of verb that is used to link
the subjects in a sentence to the other
parts of the sentence so that it is
meaningful. It connects the subject to
the object, an adjective and even a
prepositional phrase. Common linking
verbs include the verbs “be,” “seem,”
“become,” and “feel.”.
examples:
Danny is my brother.
The children were in the park
Different categories of Verbs
REGULAR and IRREGULAR VERBS
examples of regular verbs: Past simple and past
participle of “finish” in a sentence Transitive Verbs and
Sarah finished her work. Intransitive Verbs:
Harry had finished his dinner when James
are used to denote how a
called.
verb acts when used with a
Jock has finished writing in his journal.
Tina will have finished her course by the direct object and an indirect
end of next month. object.
examples of irregular verbs: examples:
Andre swam in all five of the Great Lakes Vincent gave a box of
last summer. chocolates to his brother.
I had swum almost a mile when the island The little girl ran around
came into view.
the park for two hours.
Melissa has swum every Saturday for the
last three years.
Verb conjugation

Verbs can change form depending on subject, tense,

mood, and voice. This is called conjugation.
Subject
There are six subject forms in English:

Subject-verb agreement
She talks a lot.
She talk a lot. X
We talk a lot.
We talks a lot. X
 Tense
Verbs are also conjugated based on tense. There are three main
tenses in English:
Past (an action has taken place)
Present (an action is taking place)
Future (an action will take place)
Each tense has a simple, progressive, perfect, and perfect
progressive aspect with its own rules for conjugation.Each
tense has a simple, progressive, perfect, and perfect
progressive aspect with its own rules for conjugation.
Verb activity

Popsicle Verb Center

Students will match parts of the popsicle to the stick to complete
the verb puzzle. This activity focuses on sorting verbs by tense.
The popsicle stick features a picture of a verb and the past tense,
and the student must find the verb’s present and future tenses.

source:https://terrificteachingtactics.com/
ACTIVITY #2
Have students look for verbs “in the wild.”
In order for grammar to be meaningful,
students need to make connections between
grammar concepts and actual text.
As a class, we practice identifying verbs
in sentences (and acting out the
sentences, too!):
 What is an adjective?

An adjective is a part of
speech that can be used
ADJECTIVE to describe or provide
more information about a
noun or pronoun that acts
as the subject in a
sentence.
 Types of
Adjectives
Possessive Adjectives: are used to
show or represent possession of a
quality. For example: my, your, his,
her, their, its, whose, etc.
Demonstrative Adjectives:
Demonstrative adjectives are mainly used
to describe the position of a subject (a
noun or pronoun) in space or time. This,
that, these and those are the
demonstrative adjectives in English.
Interrogative Adjectives:
An adjective that is used to modify a
noun or a pronoun by asking a question
is called an interrogative adjective. There
are only a few adjectives that can be
termed as interrogative adjectives. They
are whose, what and which.
Compound Adjectives:
Compound adjectives consist of two or
more adjectives that are combined
together to form an adjective that can be
used to modify the subject. Some
examples of compound adjectives are
cotton-tailed, curly-haired, absent-minded,
happy-go-lucky, etc.
 ANCHOR CHART

source:
https://www.wearet
eachers.com/
WORKSHEET
 What are they??

These are words or phrases which

modify or describe verbs,
ADVERBS adjectives, adverbs and sentences.
They answer questions such as
how? How much? When? Where?
To what degree? In what manner?
etc.
Types of Adverbs
Adverbs of Manner
Answer the question
"how?" These usually come
after the main verb and
never come between the
verb and the direct object.
For example; "softly,"
"loudly," "well," "greedily."
Adverbs of Degree Adverbs of Place
Answer the question
Indicate the extent or "where?"
degree of something Specifies the location of an
like "extremely," action and typically comes
"greatly," slightly," after the main verb. For
"enough." example; "behind," "outisde,"
"downstairs," "nearby."

Adverbs of Time Adverbs of Frequency

Answer the question "when?"
"today," "tomorrow,"
"yesterday." To refer to the
duration or length of time
words such as "forever,"
"shortly," or "temporarily" are
used.
Answer the question "how
often does something
happen?" These can be
definite- "hourly,"
"weekly," "fortnightly" or
indefinite-""always,"
"sometimes," "never."
Some More Types of Adverbs

Adverbs of Purpose Linking Adverbs

Focusing Adverbs
These connect two independent
Answer the question clauses and are used to introduce These are used for
"why?" These include consequence, condition, emphasis. These
"therefore," "since," comparison or clarification. For include; "only," "just,"
"however." example; "however," "therefore," "especially."
"accordingly," "meanwhile,"
"nevertheless."

Interrogative Adverbs Relative Adverbs

Adverbs like "when,"
Adverbs like "where,"
"where," "why," "how" are
"when," "why" are used to
used to introduce a
introduce a dependent or
question.
relative clause.
Source: English Grammar Here
How Often Do You..? Board
Game

Source:
www.islcollecti
ve.com
 What are they?

These are noun markers

and they specify whether
ARTICLES they are specific or general.
(The specificity also
depends on the shared
knowledge of the speaker
and listener.)
 Types of Articles

"A/An" "The"
These are indefinite Zero or No Article Is a specific article and
articles and are used When plural countable used with countable and
with singular nouns or uncountable uncountable nouns, and
countable nouns when nouns are used in a singular and plural nouns
the referred noun is general and when the referred noun is
nonspecific and nonspecific way, zero specific.
general. article is used. It is often used with names
"A" is used with a of museums, art galleries,
consonant sound. "An" rivers, seas and ocean,
is used with a vowel deserts, bridges,
sound. superlative adjectives etc.
 More on Articles
Speaker and Listener
Whether "a/an" is used or "the" is used depends on the
shared knowledge between the speaker and the listener. If
the referred noun to is 'a certain one' or 'one which both
the parties know,' "the" is used. If the referred noun is 'not
known' or 'could be any one,' "a/an" is used.

Articles in Phrases and Idiomatic Expressions

Sometimes article usage do not follow specific rules. For
example; go to the store, go to the bank, but go to school, go
to church, go to bed, go home.

From "a/an" to "the"

When a noun has already been made
specific from a previous mention, in its next
mention "the" is used.
A An The Snap!

Source: www.tefltastic.wordpress.com
 What are they?

Conjunctions are words or

CONJUNCTIONS phrases which join or
connect words, phrases,
clauses or whole
sentences.
 Types of Conjunctions

Subordinating Conjunctions
These introduce a dependent
clause or connect two ideas Correlative
Coordinating Conjunctions which are of unequal
Conjunctions
importance. If these begin a
These connect two sentence then a comma is These are pairs of words or
independent clauses or two placed before the main phrases which establish
equally important ideas. If the clause. alternatives or join
two ideas connected could be WABBITS- When, Where, grammatically equal parts.
While, After, Although, For example; "as-as,"
standalone sentences they
Before, Because, If, Though, "neither-nor," "but-also,"
are separated by a comma.
Since. "both-and."
FANBOYS- For, And, Nor, But,
Or, Yet, So.
Source: www.esl.com
Conjunctions Bingo!

Whether/ Yet Because If/then

or

Since After Both/and Or

But While Since Such/that

Unless Either/or Nor Before

 What are they??

Prepositions are words or

phrases which establish a
PREPOSITIONS relationship with the adjacent
noun or pronoun.
These are relationships denoting
time, place, location, direction
and spatial relationships.
 Types of Prepositions
Prepositions of Place
Use "in" for general areas.
Prepositions of Time Use "at" for specific addresses.
Use "in" for non-specific Use "on" to refer to a surface
times- parts of the day, (including streets and roads).
Use "inside" to refer to
Prepositions of
months, years, and
seasons. something contained. Agency
Use "at" with the "noon," Use "over" and "above" for It connects the noun
"midnight," or "night" and objects which are higher than and the verb to
time of day. the referred point. indicate which person
Use "on" for specific days Use "below," "beneath," or thing has caused or
and dates. "under" or "underneath" for is causing something to
Use "for," "by," "during," objects below the referred occur. These
"from-to" etc for point. include"by" and "with."
continuous duration or Use "by," "near," "between,"
extended time. "among," "opposite" to
describe object in reference to
the point.
"To," "towards;" "on," "onto;"
"in," "into."
 Types of Prepositions
Prepositions of
Prepositions of Possession
Purpose/Reason These are used to indicate
possession of something
These generally by a person, animal, or
thing. These include "of,"
answer the question
"with," and "to."
'why?' and show the
cause of a happening
or the reason for an
action. These include
"for" and "to."
Prepositions of
Manner
These indicate how a
certain thing
happened or was
done. These include
"by," "with," "in,"
"on," "like."
 It is okay to end a sentence with a proposition.
Ensure that your sentence is short and crisp and
does not become wordy with too many
prepositional phrases.

Noun-preposition combinations like "reason

Points to for," "solution to," "relationship between" and
"on time," "in time," "in love with."
remember
There are many verb + preposition phrases
like "care about," "die of," "hear from" and
adjective + preposition phrases "nice of,"
"scared about," "good at."
These often do not vary.
Source: www.7esl.com
Elf and the Shelf

Source: www.totschooling.net
Grand Design
 What are they?

Interjections are words or

phrases which express feelings,
INTERJECTIONS requests, or commands.
Though they are a part of speech,
they are not grammatically
connected to other parts of
speech. They are often avoided in
formal and academic writing.
 Types of Interjections
Primary Interjections
These words are used only as
interjections and are usually
sounds with no clear etymology.
For example; "umm," "hmm,"
"yippee."
Volitive Interjections
These are used to give command
or make a request. For example;
"shush," "ahem."
Cognitive Interjections
These express thought or thought
process. for example; "hmm,"
"umm," "ureka," "wow."
Secondary Interjections
These functions as interjections as
well as either nouns, adjective or
adverbs. for example; "goodness"
(noun), "shoot" (verb), "pathetic"
(adverb).
Emotive Interjections
These express emotions or
reactions to something. For
example; "ew," "yay," "yum," "yuck."
Greetings and Parting Words
Interjections
Like "hey," "hello," "bye."
 The exclamation mark is used to convey
intensity.

The full stop or comma are used to convey

Rules for intensity of a lesser degree.

Interjections The question mark is used to convey

uncertainty or to introduce a question.

If the interjection is used as part of a

sentence it is separated with a comma.
Source: www.yourdictionary.com
Interjections Race!

Source: www.teachthis.com
 References-
scribbr.com
academicguides.waldenu.edu
Thank you!