Rufus Giwa Polytechnic Owo, Ondo State Civil

Engineering Technology Department Highway

Engineering(CEC 204) AssignmentSubmitted
byOlukayode Boluwaji Emmanuel.
SO2/CET/2019/2586Olaoye Taiwo Sunday.
SO2/CET/2019/2588Igbabo Johnson Segun.
SO2/CET/2019/2582Omorogbe Gospel
SO2/CET/2019/2585Adeleye Adedayo Tope.
SO2/CET/2019/2587Selewei Bryan.
SO2/CET/2019/2583

CHAPTER ONE
WHAT IS HIGHWAY/ROAD?
A highway is any public or private road or other public way on land.
It is used for major roads, but also includes other public roads and
public tracks.

According to Merriam Webster, the use of the term predates the

12th century. According to Etymonline, "high" is in the sense of
"main".

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In North American and Australian English, major roads such as
controlled-access highways or arterial roads are often state
highways (Canada: provincial highways). Other roads may be
designated "county highways" in the US and Ontario. These
classifications refer to the level of government (state, provincial,
county) that maintains the roadway.

In British English, "highway" is primarily a legal term. Everyday use

normally implies roads, while the legal use covers any route or
path with a public right of access, including footpaths etc.

Major highways are often named and numbered by the

governments that typically

develop and maintain them. Australia's Highway 1 is the longest

national highway in the world at over 14,500 kilometres (9,000 mi)
and runs almost the entire way around the continent. China has the
world's largest network of highways followed closely by the United
States of America.

Major modern highways that connect cities in populous developed

and developing countries usually incorporate features intended to
enhance the road's capacity, efficiency, and safety to various
degrees. Such features include a reduction in the number of
locations for user access, the use of dual carriageways with two or
more lanes on each carriageway, and grade-separated junctions

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with other roads and modes of transport. These features are
typically present on highways built as motorways (freeways).

IMAGES OF SOME HIGHWAYS IN NIGERIA

Third Mainland Bridge Highway In Lagos

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 Ojota - Victoria Island Exchange Highway

CHAPTER TWO

State The Existing Different Road Types In

Nigeria

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The Nigerian road system is classified into four broad
categories. These are:-

i. Trunk A Roads: - This form the major network around which

other categories

of roads are built. They run through the length and breadth of
the country.

They connect ports, capitals of various states and also provide

international

links with neighbouring countries.

ii. Trunk B Roads:- These are the highway within the states, as
they connect

important towns and cities of the states. They also connect the
cities of the

states to federal highways end serve as the main arteries of

traffic to and from

eh district roads.

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 iii. Trunk C Roads:- These are also called local government
roads. They are

constructed with nearly the same specifications as those of the

state highways.

They are intended to connect areas of production and market

with state

highways and railways.

iv. DFRRI Roads:- These are the least in Nigerian classifying

system and they

are connected to major district roads and railways. They are

intended to serve

the interior rural population of the district.

There are several types of roads in Nigeria. They include:

1. Private drive pathways

2. Two-lane highways
3. Dual carriageways
4. Expressway
5. Federal Highway
6. State Highway
7. District Highway

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1. Private drive pathways

As the name implies, this kind of road is privately owned. The

ownership is by individuals or organizations, and not the
government. Of their property, these individuals incur the cost of
constructing and maintaining such roads. The government has no
part to play in ensuring that private roads are up and running.
Owners of private roads have the right to restrict public
movements on such roads.

2. Two-lane highways

This kind of road is very popular in Nigeria. This is an expressway

that has a single lane on each direction. A median barrier is not
present to demarcate the road. Two-lane highways could be
constructed in their form as a result of constraints experienced at
the initial stage. Sometimes, there may be plans to expand them
later on if traffic on the road increases.

3. Dual carriageways

Dual carriageways are referred to as Divided highway in America. It

basically has carriageways in place for cars moving in opposite
directions. In terms of safety, dual carriageways are very good as
they largely reduce chances of road accidents much more than
roads with a single carriageway. This class of road is designed

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with higher standards, and offers motorists higher speed limits.
Cars are able to move freely due to the plenty of space at their
disposal.

4. Expressway/ Highway

An expressway may also be referred to as Controlled-access

highway. It is the highest highway grade obtainable. Expressways
are designed for uninterrupted movement. Cars are able to move
at very high speeds due to the limited number of people moving
around the road on foot.

5. Federal roads

Federal roads are constructed, owned and maintained by the

federal government of the nation. In Nigeria, the federal
government plays a major role in the construction of roads across
the country. As a result of this, there is a high number of federal
roads spread all over the country.

Federal roads are instrumental for movement between states.

Citizens and residents of the country are able to move from one
state to another via road by simply connecting the different federal
roads. A federal road brings about economic development in the
country as people in different states are able to transact

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businesses by going for work-related activities and transporting
their goods.

6. State roads

As the name implies, state roads are constructed, owned and

maintained by the state government. While the federal government
ensures that people in different states are able to connect with
each other via road, it cannot go to the nook and crannies of every
state to create connecting roads. This is where the state
government comes in.

The government of a state ensures that road networks are created

between various cities and towns. This creates opportunities for
economic development as people are able to carry out legitimate
businesses of different categories.

7. District roads/ Local Government Roads

District roads are the pathways to certain areas in the community

that would ordinarily be hidden or isolated from major activities.
District roads connect market areas and commercial centers to
each other as well as federal roads. Activities between districts are
kept running as a result of the accessibility created by such roads.

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 CHAPTER THREE

List The Activities Of A Community That

Necesitate Movement Of Person From One

Place To Another.

Exercises requiring development of individuals, The fundamental

justification for giving interstate is the need to development of
products and people across a few networks, different exercises
incorporate; Cultivating, Instructive advantages, Amusement and
Social contacts, Business openings, Clinical considerations,
Monetary success and general improvement of the local area
additionally safeguard for keeping better law and control.
Development administrations delivered by most organizations rely
upon road and expressway framework for advanced effectiveness.

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