7

SCIENTIFIC NOTATION AND

PROBLEM SOLVING INVOLVING
REAL NUMBERS
Learner's Module in Mathematics 7
Quarter 1 ● Module 8

EVANGELINE L. CHALUTAG
JULIET B. BORTIKEY
ROSEMARY JOYCE ABUAN
Developers
Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

NAME: GRADE AND SECTION:

TEACHER: SCORE:
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BAGUIO CITY
Military Cut-off, Baguio City

Published by:
DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2021

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is
created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of the K-12 Curriculum
through the DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City - Curriculum Implementation
Division (CID). It can be reproduced for educational purposes and the source must
be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, an
enhancement or a supplementary work are permitted provided all original work is
acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this
material for commercial purposes and profit.

ii
 What I Know

Instruction: Let us determine how much you already know about scientific
notation and problems involving real numbers. Read each
item carefully. Provide the correct answer by writing it on your
answer sheet.

1) Which among the following is the best reason why scientific notation is
important?
a) Because it makes real numbers mathematical
b) Because it helps in mathematical computations
c) Because it simplifies big and small numbers
d) Because it makes use of the powers of 10
2) In the scientific notation 3 𝑥 102 , which is the coefficient?
a) 2 b) 3 c) 10 d) x
3) In the scientific notation 1.23 𝑥 10−2 , which shows the number of times
the decimal place is moved?
a) – 2 b) 10 c) 0.23 d) 1.2
4) Which part of the scientific notation indicates the direction of the
movement of the decimal point?
a) Power of 10 c) Sign of exponent
b) Sign of coefficient d) Position of decimal point
5) Which is the scientific notation of 789,000,000,000?
a) 789 𝑥 109 c) 7.89 𝑥 1011
b) 78.9 𝑥 1010 d) 0.789 𝑥 1012
6) Which is the scientific notation of 0.000789?
a) 789 𝑥 10−4 c) 7.89 𝑥 10−4
b) 78.9 𝑥 10−4 d) 0.789 𝑥 10−4
7) Which is the standard form of the scientific notation 4.3 𝑥 105 ?
a) 430,000 b) 43,000 c) 0.00043 d) 0.0043
8) Which is the standard form of the scientific notation 4.3 𝑥 10−5 ?
a) 0.000043 b) 0.00043 c) 0.0043 d) 0.043

3
9) Which statement is not a step in writing a number to scientific
notation?
a) Move the decimal point to the left until you have a number greater
than or equal to 1 and less than 10.
b) Count the number of decimal places as you move the decimal
point to the left and use that number as the positive power of 10.
c) To change scientific notation with a positive integer exponent to
standard form, move the decimal point to the right, the number of
places indicated by the exponent.
d) Multiply the decimal (in step a) by the power of 10 (in step b).

10) When the exponent of 10 in the scientific notation of a number is

negative, it means that the number
a) is less than 1. c) is equal to 1.
b) is greater than 1. d) could not be determined.
1 4
11) Maria added of a bag of soil to her garden while Juana added bags
2 3
of soil to her garden. How much more soil did Juana add than Maria?
5 5 3 5
a) bags of soil b) bags of soil c) 8 bags of soil d) 1 6 bags of soil
6 5

12) Justin can type 40 words per minute, how many words can Justin
type in 10 minutes?
a) 10 words b) 100 words c) 400 words d) 500 words
13) A hair dryer uses 1.2 kilowatt (KW) per hour of power while a hair
iron uses 1.14 kilowatt (KW) per hour of power. How much power is
needed if you wish to use the two at the same time?
a) 2.33 KW/hour c) 2.35 KW/hour
b) 2.34 KW/hour d) 2.36 KW/hour

14) An elevator is on the first floor. It goes up 8 floors, then 5 down, and
then 4 up. On what floor is the elevator now?
a) 4th floor b) 5th floor c) 6th floor d) 8th floor

1
15) Wendy donated 4 of her monthly allowance to the typhoon victims. If
her monthly allowance is 4 000 pesos, how much did she donate?
a)1 400 pesos b) 1 200 pesos c) 1 000 pesos d) 1 600 pesos

4
 What’s In
In this part of the lesson, your previous knowledge about multiplying
numbers will be checked. Mastering this concept will enable you to perform
the following activity quickly.

Instruction: Match column A to its corresponding answers in column B.

Column A Column B

1. 10 x 10 a. 1
2. 10 x 100 b. 1000
3. 10 x 1000 c. 100
4. 10 x 0.1 d. 0.01
5. 10 x 0.001 e. 10000

Answer: 1. c 2. b 3. e 4. a 5. d

What’s New

Do you know that the mass of the earth is about

6,588,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 tons? Have you heard that the
human body contains about 70,000 miles of blood vessels? Do you
know that it takes roughly 0.000000003 seconds for light to travel one
. meter? These are some examples of big and small numbers facts. Do
you think it is possible to read and write these numbers in an easier
way? Read on to find out!

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 What Is It

LESSON A: SCIENTIFIC NOTATION

Scientific notation simplifies the way we write very large

and very small numbers in a compact form. The primary
components of a number written in a scientific notation are
as follows:

integer exponent
Coefficient 𝒏 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝒆
(number between 0 and 10)
base of 10

WRITING NUMBER (STANDARD FORM) TO SCIENTIFIC NOTATION

A. For large numbers (Numbers that are greater than 9)

Steps:
a) Move the decimal point to the left until you have a number
greater than or equal to 1 and less than 10.
b) Count the number of decimal places as you move the
decimal point to the left and use that number as the positive
power of 10.
c) Multiply the decimal (in step a) by the power of 10 (in step b).

Examples: 1. Write 782,000 in scientific notation

Solution:
Move the decimal point to the left and place it to the
right of the first nonzero digit.

Illustration:
7. 8 2, 0 0 0.
5 4 3 2 1

Since the decimal point was moved 5 places to the left,

multiply by 105 (number of times the decimal point was moved) .

Answer: 782,000 = 7.82 𝑥 105

(Sign of the exponent should be positive)

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 2. Write 7,000,000 in scientific notation.
Solution:
7. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .
6 5 4 3 2 1

Answer: 7,000,000 = 7 𝑥 106

3. Write 2,479.80 in scientific notation.

Solution:
2. 4 7 9 . 8 0
3 2 1

Answer: 2,479.80 = 2.4798 𝑥 103

4. Write 348,000.00 in scientific notation.

Solution:
3.4 8 0 0 0. 0 0
5 4 3 2 1

Answer: 348,000.00 = 3.48 𝑥 105

B. For small numbers (Decimal numbers less than 1)

Steps:
a) Move the decimal point to the right until you have a number
greater than or equal to 1 and less than 10.
b) Count the number of decimal places as you move the
decimal point to the right and use that number as the
negative power of 10.
c) Multiply the decimal (in step a) by the power of 10 (in step b).

Examples: 1. Write 0.005 to scientific notation.

Solution:
Move the decimal point to the right until it reaches
the first nonzero digit, which is 5.

Illustration:
0 . 0 0 5.
1 2 3

Answer: 0.005 = 5 𝑥 10−3

(Sign of the exponent should be negative)

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 2. Write 0.000451 in scientific notation.
Illustration:
0 . 0 0 0 4.51
1 2 3 4

Answer: 0.000451 = 4.51 𝑥 10−4

3. Write 0.4856 in scientific notation.

Illustration:
0 .4.8 5 6
1

Answer: 0.4856 = 4.856 𝑥 10−1

4. Write 0.0310076 in scientific notation.

Illustration:
0 . 0 3 . 1 0 0 7 6
1 2

Answer: 0.0310076 = 3.10076 𝑥 10−2

5. Write 0.005600 in scientific notation.

Illustration:

0 . 0 0 5 .6 0 0
1 2 3

Answer: 0.005600 = 5.600 𝑥 10−3

WRITING SCIENTIFIC NOTATION TO STANDARD NOTATION

Steps:

a. To change scientific notation with a positive integer exponent

to standard form, move the decimal point to the right, the
number of places indicated by the exponent.
b. To write a number expressed in scientific notation with
negative exponent in standard form, move the decimal point
to the left, the same number of places as the absolute value
of the exponent.

8
Examples: Write each number in standard form.
1. 7 𝑥 103
Solution:
Since the exponent is positive 3, then the decimal point
will be moved to the right 3 times.

Illustration: .
7 0 0 0 .
1 2 3

Answer: 7 𝑥 103 = 7,000

2. 8.4 𝑥 105

Solution: 8 .4 0 0 0 0 .
1 2 3 4 5

Answer: 8.4 𝑥 105 = 840,000

3. 8.13 𝑥 104
Solution:

.
8 1 3 0 0 .
1 2 3 4
Answer: 8.13 𝑥 104 = 81,300

4. 5 𝑥 10−4

Solution:
Since the exponent is negative 4, then the decimal point
will be moved to the left 4 times.

Illustration:

.0 0 0 5 .
4 3 2 1

Answer: 5 𝑥 10−4 = 0.0005

5. 6.49 𝑥 10−6
Solution:

.0 0 0 0 0 6 . 4 9
6 5 4 3 2 1

Answer: 6.49 𝑥 10−6 = 0.00000649

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LESSON B: SOLVING PROBLEMS INVOLVING REAL NUMBERS

These are the general steps in solving any mathematical

problems:
1. Understand the problem and identify the given.
2. Identify what you need to find or what is asked.
3. Create a number sentence (equation).
4. Solve the equation.
5. Write the complete answer.

3
Example 1: Pedro added of a bag of soil to his garden while Juan
4
6
added 5 bags of soil to his garden. How much more soil did
Juan add than Pedro?

Step 1: Given
3
bag of soil (Pedro)
4
6
bag of soil (Juan)
5

Step 2: What is asked?

The bag of soil Juan added more than Pedro.

Step 3: Equation
6 3
− =N
5 4

Step 4: Solve the equation.

6 3
− =N Since the fractions are
5 4
dissimilar, we can apply the
butterfly method to simplify
the given fractions.

6 3 6(4)−5(3)
− = Perform the operations.
5 4 5(4)

6(4) − 5(3) 24 − 15 9
= =
5(4) 20 20

Step 5: Complete answer

9
Juan added more bags of soil than Pedro.
20

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Example 2: An elevator started at the first floor and went up 18 floors. It
then came down 11 floors and went back up 16. At what floor
was it stopped?
Step 1: Given
an elevator from the first floor that went up 18
floors, down 11 floors, went back up 16 floors
Step 2: What is asked?
At what floor did the elevator stop?
Step 3: Equation
1 + 18 – 11 + 16 = N
Step 4: Solve the equation.
1 + 18 – 11 + 16 = N Recall the rules of adding
and subtracting integers.
(19 – 11) + 16 = N
8 + 16 = N
N = 24
Step 5: Complete answer
The elevator stopped at the 24th floor.

Example 3: A village has 256 residents. Knowing that each family has
4 members , how many evacuation centers are needed to be
built if each only has a capacity of 8 families?
Step 1: Given
256 residents
4 members per family
8 families per evacuation center
Step 2: What is asked?
Number of evacuation centers to be built
Step 3: Equations
256
Number of families =
4
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠
Number of evacuation centers =
8
Step 4: Solve the equation.
First, find the number of families out of the 256
residents. So, we have;
256
Number of families =
4
Number of families = 64
Second, solve for the number of evacuation centers
needed to be built. So, we have;
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠
Number of evacuation centers =
8

11
 64
Number of evacuation centers =
8
Number of evacuation centers = 8
Step 5: Complete answer.
There will be 8 evacuation centers to be built in a village.

Example 4: Yohan can type 50 words per minute, how many words can
Yohan type in 20 minutes?

Step 1: Given
50 words per minute
Step 2: What is asked?
Number of words Yohan can type in 20 minutes.
Step 3: Equation
Number of words = 50 𝑥 20
Step 4: Solve the equation.
Since Yohan can type 50 words in one minute, then by
multiplying 20 minutes, we have;
Number of words = 50 𝑥 20
Number of words = 1000
Step 5: Complete answer.
Yohan can type 1000 words in 20 minutes.

2
Example 5: Hanna donated of her monthly allowance to the typhoon
5
victims. If her monthly allowance is 3,500 pesos, how much
did she donate?

Step 1: Given
3,500 pesos (monthly allowance)
2
(donation from the monthly allowance)
5
Step 2: What is asked?
How much did Hanna donate?
Step 3: Equation
2
N = x 3500
5

Step 4: Solve the equation.

2
N = 5 x 3500 Multiply 2 x 3500
7000
N= Divide
5

N = 1 400
Step 5: Complete answer.
Hanna donated 1 400 pesos from her monthly
allowance.

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 What’s More

The following are guided activities. Try to answer

first before looking at the key answers.

Assessment 1
Do you know the Greek Mathematician who first developed the concept of
scientific notation? Find out by decoding the hidden message below.

Match Column A with its answer in Column B to know the name of that
Greek Mathematician. Put the letter of the correct answer in the space
provided below.
Column A Column B
A) 6.25 𝑥 102
1) 625
2) 4216 C) 4.9603 𝑥 104
3) 49,603 D) 9.12 𝑥 10−3
4) 250,000 E1) 1.8 𝑥 10−2
5) 800,000,000 E2) 1.3 𝑥 10−5
6) 0.025 H) 2.5 𝑥 105
7) 0.01800
I) 8 𝑥 108
8) 0. 00912
9) 0.000013 M) 2.5 𝑥 10−2
10) 0.00008 R) 4.216 𝑥 103
S) 8 𝑥 10−5
Decode:
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Answer: A R C H I M E D E S

Assessment 2: Solve the following problems.

5
1. On their previous exam, Rhea answered of the questions correctly
8
7
and Precious answered 11 of it correctly. If each problem is worth
the same amount, who got the higher score?
21
2. Jill had a piece of wood 4 feet long. She cut a piece that was 8 feet
long. How long was the piece of wood she had left?
3. At midnight, the temperature was 30C. By 6:00 am, it dropped by
5C and by noon, it had increased by 11C. What was the
temperature at noon?
8 8
3. 36C 𝑜𝑟 1 2. 1. Precious
3 11
Answer Key:

13
Assessment 3:

Fill in the table by writing the numbers in standard notation or in scientific

notation as indicated.

Scientific
Quantity Standard Notation
Notation

1. Distance from Pluto to Sun 5,797,000 km

2. Diameter of Earth 12,700,000,000 m
3. Diameter of the Sun 1.39 x 109 km
4. Approximate width of a
human red blood cell 0.0000007 m
5. Mass of Neutron 1.67 x 10 – 24 g
5) 0.00000000000000000000000167 g
4) 7 x 10-7 m
3) 1390000000 km
2) 1.27 x 1010 m
1) 5.797 x 106 km
Answers Key:

What I Have Learned

Write the steps in writing standard form to scientific notation and vice versa;
and the general steps of solving mathematical problems on the boxes below.

Scientific Notation Mathematical Problems

14
 What I Can Do

Instruction: Read the situations carefully and answer what is being asked.
Follow the rubrics in solving the problems.

1. At sunrise, the outside temperature was 1C below zero. By lunch

time, the temperature rose by 17C and then fell by 4C by night.
What was the temperature at the end of the day?

2. A village has 300 residents. Knowing that each family has 5 members,
how many evacuation centers are needed to be built if each only has a
capacity of 10 families?

1 7
3. Maria added 4 of a bag of soil to his garden while Magdalena added 5
bags of soil to his garden. How much more soil did Magdalena add
than Maria?

4. Three cartons have 3072 crayons altogether. Each carton has an

equal number of packets. Each packet contains 8 crayons. Find the
number of packets in each carton.

Problem Solving Rubrics

5 points 4 points 3 points 2 points 1 point

The problem The problem The problem The problem The problem
is properly is properly is properly is not is not
solved by solved by solved by properly properly
applying the applying the applying the solved, other solved by
general steps general steps general steps alternative the solution
in solving in solving in solving mathematical presented
mathematical mathematical mathematical concepts are and the final
problem and problem but problem with used in the answer is
with with minor appropriate solution and incorrect.
appropriate inappropriate mathematical a correct final
mathematical mathematical concepts answer is
concepts concepts partially used obtained.
used in the used in the in the
solution and solution but solution
a correct a correct and a correct
final answer final answer final answer
is obtained. is obtained. is obtained.

15
 Post-Assessment

Instruction: Let us determine how much you already know about scientific
notation and problems involving real numbers. Read each
item carefully. Provide the correct answer by writing it on your
answer sheet.

1) Which among the following is the best reason why scientific notation is
important?
a) Because it makes real numbers mathematical
b) Because it simplifies big and small numbers
c) Because it helps in mathematical computations
d) Because it makes use of the powers of 10
2) In the scientific notation 5 𝑥 103 , which is the coefficient?
a) 3 b) 5 c) 10 d) x
3) In the scientific notation 1.23 𝑥 10−3 , which shows the number of
times the decimal place is moved?
a) – 3 b) 10 c) 0.23 d) 1.2
4) Which part of the scientific notation indicates the direction of the
movement of the decimal point?
a) Sign of exponent c) Power of 10
b) Sign of coefficient d) Position of decimal point
5. Which is the scientific notation of 789,000,000,000?
a) 789 𝑥 1011 c) 0.789 𝑥 1011
b) 78.9 𝑥 1011 d) 7.89 𝑥 1011
6) Which is the scientific notation of 0.000789?
a) 789 𝑥 10−4 c) 0.789 𝑥 10−4
b) 78.9 𝑥 10−4 d) 7.89 𝑥 10−4

7. Which is the standard form of the scientific notation 4.3 𝑥 105 ?

a) 43,000 b) 430,000 c) 0.00043 d) 0.0043

8) Which is the standard form of the scientific notation 4.3 𝑥 10−5 ?

a) 0.000043 b) 0.00043 c) 0.0043 d) 0.043

16
 9) Which statement is not a step in writing a number to scientific
notation?
a. Move the decimal point to the left until you have a number greater
than or equal to 1 and less than 10.
b. Count the number of decimal places as you move the decimal point
to the left and use that number as the positive power of 10.
c. Multiply the decimal (in step a) by the power of 10 (in step b).
d. To change scientific notation with a positive integer exponent to
standard form, move the decimal point to the right, the number of
places indicated by the exponent.

10) When the exponent of 10 in the scientific notation of a number is

negative, it means that the number
a) is greater than 1. c) is equal to 1.
b) is less than 1. d) could not be determined.
1 4
11) Maria added 2 of a bag of soil to her garden while Juana added 3
bags of soil to her garden. How much more soil did Juana add than
Maria?
5 3
a. bags of soil c) bags of soil
6 8
5 5
b) 5
bags of soil d) 1 6 bags of soil

12) Justin can type 40 words per minute, how many words can Justin
type in 10 minutes?
a) 300 words b) 100 words c) 500 words d) 400 words
13) A hair dryer uses 1.2 kilowatt (KW) per hour of power while a hair
iron uses 1.14 kilowatt (KW) per hour of power. How much power is
needed if you wish to use the two at the same time?
a) 2.34 KW/hour c) 2.36 KW/hour
b) 2.35 KW/hour d) 2.37 KW/hour
14) An elevator is on the first floor. It goes up 8 floors, then 5 down, and
the 4 up. On what floor is the elevator now?
a) 6th floor b) 7th floor c) 8th floor d) 9th floor
1
15) Wendy donated 4 of her monthly allowance to the typhoon victims. If
her monthly allowance is 4 000 pesos, how much did she donate?
a)1 400 pesos b) 1 200 pesos c) 1 000 pesos d) 1 600 pesos

17
 18
WHAT I KNOW WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
A. Scientific Notation
1) c 6) c 11) a
1) Move the decimal point to the left until you have a
2) b 7) a 12) c number greater than or equal to 1 and less than 10.
3) a 8) a 13) b 2) Count the number of decimal places as you move
4) c 9) c 14) d the decimal point to the left and use that number as
the positive power of 10.
5) c 10) a 15) c
3) Multiply the decimal (in step a) by the power of 10
(in step b).
4) Move the decimal point to the right until you have
a number greater than or equal to 1 and less than 10.
WHAT I CAN DO
5) Count the number of decimal places as you move
1) 12 C the decimal point to the right and use that number as
the negative power of 10.
2) 6 evacuation centers
6) Multiply the decimal (in step a) by the power of 10
23 3 (in step b).
3) 20
𝑜𝑟 1 20 bags of soil
7) To change scientific notation with a positive integer
4) 128 packet per carton exponent to standard form, move the decimal point to
the right, the number of places indicated by the
exponent.
ASSESSMENT 4
8)To write a number expressed in scientific notation
1) 80 pcs of 1 peso coins with negative exponent in standard form, move the
decimal point to the left, the same number of places
2) Precious
POST ASSESSMENT as the absolute value of the exponent.
B. Steps in Solving Mathematical Problem
1) b 6) d 11) a
2) b 7) b 12) d 1) Understand the problem and identify the given.
3) a 8) a 13) a 2) Identify what you need to find or what is asked.
4)a 9) d 14) c 3) Create a number sentence (equation).
5) d 10) b 15) c 4) Solve the equation.
5) Write the complete answer.
ANSWER KEY
 REFERENCES

Aseron, R. E. et al. (2014). Mathematics – Grade 7 Learner’s Material

(1stEdition).Pasig City, Philippines: Publish by the Department of Education

Oronce, O. A. and Mendoza, M. O. (2019). Worktext in Mathematics E-Math

(7rd edition).Quezon City, Philippines: Rex Printing Company, Inc.

Tarepe, D. A. and Zara, E. (2012). Practical Mathematics. Lipa City,

Philippines: united Eferza Academic Publications, Co.

Villano, M. V. et al. (2012). 21st Century Mathematics: A Vision for a Better

Future. Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

http://www.chem.sc.edu/faculty/morgan/resources/sigfigs/index.html
Tutorial on the use of scientific notation

19
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education-Cordillera Administrative Region
Schools Division of Baguio City
82 Military Cut-Off, Baguio City
Telefax: 442-7819
Email Address: depedbaguiocity@gmail.com
Social Media: facebook.com/DepEdTayoBaguioCity

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