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FEDERALISM

What is Federalism?
Federalism is a System of Government in which the power is divided into two or more levels
of government ( Sasta, Sundar, Tikau Definition)

Features of Federalism
There are two or more levels Every Tier of Govt. has its
(or tiers) of Government specific list of Works

Constitution defines the Field of Works & Only one level of govt. can not change or edit
The Various Powers of Every Level of Govt. Fundamental provisions of the Constitution

In Case of Conflict b/w Central govt. & State All the levels of Govt. have their fixed
Govt. Judiciary solves the Problem and specified revenue sources.

Its main objective is to promote Unity and Integrity

Giving Equal Opportunities to every Social Group.

Coming Together and Holding together Federations

Coming Together Federation
In this, Independent states come together
on their own to form bigger unit
They can increase their Security by
Adding their Resources and Services
Example - USA and Australia
Holding Together Federation
In this, large country decide to divide
powers b/w States and the National Govt.
Union Govt. tends to be more powerful
then State govt.
Example - India and Belgium

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FEDERALISM

What makes India a Federal Country?

India have 3 Tiers of Govt. - Central, State and Local Govt.
Every level of Govt. have their Specific Field of Work

Union List State List Concurrnet List

Has subjects of National Importance Has subjects of Local and State Has subjects of Common
Importance Interest
Union Govt. alone can make laws
State. Govt. alone can make laws Both the Centre and State
Ex.- Defence, Banking, Foreign
Ex.- Police, trade, commerce, can frame laws
Affairs etc.
agriculture and irrigation Education, Forest, Trade
India is a Holding Together Federation

Only One level of Govt. cannot Change or Edit the Fundamental Provisions of the Constituion

In case of Conflict b/w Union and State Govt. Supreme Court Solves the Issue

Language Policy of India

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Their is No National Language in India
State Govt. can choose its own Official Language, Mostly Hindi is used as Official Language

22 Major Languages were Scheduled in The Constitution

National Level Exams are conducted in All 22 Languages

In Case of File Sharing b/w two govt. then "English" is used as the medium

Decentralisation of Power
In 1992, Constitution Amended to Give Powers to Local Govt.

Regular Elections made Mandotary (Village - Panchayat, City - Municipality)

Seats are reserved for the Backward Classes - SC, ST, OBSs

At least one-third of all positions are reserved for women.

Independent State Election Commission formed
Proper Funds were given to Local govt. by State and Union Govt.

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