Vidyamandir Classes

Solutions to Module – 1 / Chemistry

Chapter – 1 / Chemical Reactions and Equations
IN-CHAPTER EXERCISE – (A)
1. H 2SO 4  Zn 
 ZnSO 4  H 2 
dilute
It is a chemical reaction.
2. Since ice and water can be interconverted into each other by changing the condition therefore it a physical change.
3. CuO(s) + H2(g)   Cu(s) + H2O(g)
(i) CuO (s) and H2(g) (ii) Cu(s) and H2O (g) (iii) Cu(s) (iv) H2(g), and H2O(g)
4.  MgCl2 (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O()
MgCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) 
5. In question (a) the no. of oxygen atoms is not balanced.
6. (a) 2Al(s) + Fe2O3(s) 
 2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s) (b) P4 + 5O2 
 2P2O5
7. (i) 2KClO3 
 2KCl + 3O2 (ii) 2Al + 3H2SO4 
 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2

IN-CHAPTER EXERCISE – (B)

1.(B) is insoluble in water.
2.(B) Na 2SO 4  BaCl2   BaSO 4  2NaCl
is an example of double displacement.
3.(A) AgCl quickly darkens on exposure to light by disintegrating into chlorine gas & metallic silver.
4.(C)  PbI 2  2KNO3 (aq) . It is a double displacement reaction.
Pb(NO3 )2 (aq)  2KI(aq) 
5.(A) Chemical changes are ripening of food, digestion of food & electrolysis of water.
6.(B) Physical changes are reversible where as chemical changes are irreversible.
7.(D) A change is said to be a chemical change when energy change occurs and new compound are formed.
The chemical change cannot be reversed.
8.(B) 1 Mg3N2 + 6 H2O 3 Mg(OH)2 + 2 NH3
IN-CHAPTER EXERCISE – (C)
A. (i) NaH 2 PO 4 Let the oxidation no. of ‘P’ be ‘x’ and we know, oxidation no. of Na = +1, H = +1, O = 2
  1  2 1  x  4  2   0
x 5  0
x5
 Oxidation no. of ‘P’ in NaH 2 PO 4 is ‘5’.
(ii) NaHSO4 : Let the oxidation no. of ‘S’ is ‘x’
 1  1  x  4(2)  0
x 6  0
x6
 Oxidation no. of ‘S’ in NaHSO4 is 6.
(iii) H 2 P2 O72  : Let the oxidation no. of ‘P’ is x.
 2(1)  2x  7(2)  2
2  2x  14  2
2x = 10
x=6

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 Vidyamandir Classes
 Oxidation no of each atom of ‘P’ is ‘6’.
(iv) K 2 MnO 4 : Let the oxidation no. of Mn is x.
 2(1)  x  4(2)  0
x  8 2  6
 Oxidation no. of ‘Mn’ is ‘6’.
(v) CaO2
Let oxidation no. of ‘O’ be x.
We know, Ca has ‘+2’ oxidation no.
 +2 + 2x = 0
x  1
 Oxidation no. of each atom of ‘O’ in CaO is 1 .
(vi) NaBH 4 : Let the oxidation no. of ‘B’ is x.
 1  x  4  1  0 {Note: Here, ‘H’ has ' 1' oxidation no. as it is the hydride of Boron}.

x3
 Oxidation no. of ‘B’ is ‘+3’
(vii) H 2 S2O7 : Let oxidation no. of ‘S’ is x.
 2(1)  2x  7(2)  0
2x  12
x6
 Oxidation no. of each atom ‘S’ in H 2S2O7 is ‘+6’
(viii) KAl(SO 4 )2 12H 2O : Let the oxidation no. of ‘S’ is x.

For KA SO4 2 

 1  3  2(x  4(2))  0
4  2x  16  0
2x  12
x6
 Oxidation no. of each atom of ‘S’ is KA(SO 4 )2 is ‘6’.
(ix) KI 3 : Let oxidation no. of ‘I’ be x.
 (1)  3(x)  0
3x  1
x1
3

 Oxidation no. of each atom of I in KI3 is ' 1 ' .

3
(x) H 2 S4O6 : Let oxidation no. of ‘S’ be x
 2(1)  4(x)  6(2)  0

4x  10  x  5
2
 Oxidation no. of each atom of ‘S’ in H 2S4O6 is  5 2 .
(xi) Fe3 O4 : Let oxidation no. of ‘Fe’ be x.
 3x  4  2   0

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 Vidyamandir Classes
3x  8
x 8 3  Oxidation no. of each atom of ‘Fe’ is ‘8/3’.
(xii) C2 H5OH : Let oxidation no. of ‘C’ be x
 2x  5(1)  (2)  (1)  0
2x  4  0
x  2
 Oxidation no. of each atom of ‘C’ is ‘ 2 ’.
(xiii) C2 H 4 O2 : Let oxidation no. of ‘C’ be x
 2x  4(1)  2(2)  0
2x  4  4  0
x0
Oxidation no. of each atom of ‘C’ is ‘0’.
(xiv) N  N : This is N 2 molecule. The oxidation no. of each atom of the element in Homo nuclear diatomic molecules
is always ‘zero’.
i.e. 2x = 0  x  0
(xv) N 2 O5 : Let oxidation no. of ‘N’ be x.
 2x  5(2)  0
x5  Oxidation no. of each ‘N’ is ‘+5’.
(xvi) NH 2  NH 2 : Let oxidation no. of ‘N’ be x.
 x  (2)  x  2  0
2x  4  0
x  2 .
[Or N 2 H 4  2x  4  0  x  2 ].
Oxidation no. of each atom of ‘N’ in NH 2  NH 2  or N 2 H 4  is ‘ 2 ’.
*******
B. (i) MnO4 (aq)  C 2 H 2 O 4 (aq) 
 Mn 2 (aq)  CO 2 (g)  H 2 O()
I. By oxidation number method:
1. Write oxidation no. of each atom in the skeleton equation.
Skeleton equation:

 (7) ( 2)  ( 3) ( 1) ( 2) ( 4)( 2) ( 1)( 2)
 Mn O4   C 2 H 2 O4   Mn 2  CO 2  H 2 O
 
2. Identify the atoms which undergo change in O.N.

3. Equate the increase and decrease in O.N. in reactant side.

2MnO4  5C 2 H 2 O 4 
 Mn 2  CO2  H 2O
4. Balance no. of atoms of Mn & C in the equation.
2MnO 4  5C 2 H 2 O 4 
 2Mn 2  10CO2  H 2O

5. As the reaction is carried in the acidic medium, balance the charges on both sides by adding H  ions on the
reactant side.

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 Vidyamandir Classes

6H   2MnO4  5C2 H 2O4 

 2Mn 2  10CO 2  H 2O
6. To balance the no. of H and O atoms, add H 2O molecule on the product side.

6H   2MnO4  5C2 H 2O4 

 2Mn 2  10CO 2  8H 2O .
II. By Ion-Electron method:
Step-1: Seperation of the equation in two half reactions:
Write the O.N. of all the atoms involved in the skeleton equation, identify the atoms which undergo change in O.N. and find
out the species involved in oxidation and reduction half-reactions.
 Taking help from last method, we have

Thus, the two half reactions are

Reduction half reaction : MnO4 
 Mn 2

Oxidation half reaction: C 2 H 2 O 4 

 CO2
Step-2: Balancing of reduction half reaction:
Reaction:- MnO4 
 Mn 2

(i) Add no. of e  required to balance change in O.N.

( 7)
5e  Mn O4 
 Mn 2
(ii) In order to balance O-atoms, add H 2O molecules on the product side and then to balance H atoms add 8 H+ on the
reactant side.
8H   MnO4  5e  
 Mn 2  4H 2 O ….. (i)
Step-3: Balancing of oxidation half reaction:
Reaction:- C 2 H 2 O 4 
 CO2

(i) Add no. of e  required to balance change in O.N.

( 3) 4
 2CO 2  2e
C2 H 2 O4 
{Balance ‘C’ atoms on both sides simultaneously}
(ii) ‘O’ atoms are already balanced. Balance H-atoms by adding H+ ions.
 2CO2  2e   2H 
C 2 H 2 O4  …… (ii)

Step-4: Adding the two half reaction : (Cancelling e  s on both sides)

 8H   MnO  5e  
 Mn 2  4H 2O   2
 4
 
 C H O   2CO 2  2e   2H    5
 2 2 4
 

6H   2MnO4  5C2 H 2 O4 
 2Mn 2  8H 2 O  10CO2

III. Reductant – Species which undergoes oxidation i.e. C 2 H 2 O 4 . It reduces MnO4 .

Oxidant – Species which undergoes reduction i.e. MnO4 . It oxidizes C2 H 2 O4

*******

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 Vidyamandir Classes
On following the same steps as (i), we get
(ii) Cr2 O72   3C 2 H 4 O  8H  
 2Cr 3  3C 2 H 4 O2  4H 2 O

(iii) MnO4 (aq.)  Br  (aq.) 

 Mn 2 (aq.)  Br2 (aq.)
I. By oxidation no. method:
1. Write oxidation no of each atom in the skeleton equation.
( 7) ( 2) ( 1) ( 2) (o)
MnO 4  Br   Mn 2  Br2

2. Identify the atoms which undergoes change in O.N.

3. Equate the increase and decrease in O.N. in reactant side.

MnO4  5Br 
 Mn 2  Br2
4. Balance no. of atoms of Mn and Br in the equation
5
MnO4  5Br    Mn 2  Br2
2
Or 2MnO 4  10Br  
 2Mn 2  5Br2

5. As the reaction is carried in acidic medium, balance the charges on both sides by adding H+ ions on the reactant
side or product side as required.
2MnO4  10Br   16H   2Mn 2
  5Br2 .

6. To balance no. of H & O atoms, add H 2O molecules on the product side.

2MnO 4  10Br   16H  

 2Mn 2  5Br2  8H 2O

II. By Ion-Electron Method.

Step-1: Seperation of the equation in the half reactions:
1. Write O.N. of all atoms involved in the skeletal equation.
2. Identify the atoms which undergo change in O.N.
3. Find out the species involved in oxidation and reduction half reactions.

Thus, the two half reactions are:

Reduction half reaction: MnO4 
 Mn 2

Oxidation half reaction: Br  

 Br2

Step-2: Balancing of reduction half reaction:

Reaction: MnO4 
 Mn 2

(1) Add no. of e  s required to balance change in O.N. while balancing Mn atoms on both sides.
( 7)
Mn O 4  5e  
 Mn 2

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 Vidyamandir Classes

(2) In order to balance O-atoms, add H 2O molecule on the product side and then, to balance H atoms, add H  as the
reactant side.
8H   MnO4  5e  
 Mn 2  4H 2O …… (i)

Step-3: Balancing of oxidation half reaction:

Reaction: Br  
 Br2

(i) Add no. of e  s required to balance change in O.N. while balancing Br-atoms on both sides.
1
Br    Br2  e ….. (2)
2
(ii) There are no H & O-atoms  no need of further balancing required.
Step-4: Adding the two half-reactions: (cancelling e  s on both sides)
 MnO  8H   5e  Mn 2  4H 2O 
 4
 
  1 
 Br   Br2  e    5
 2 
5
MnO4  5Br   8H  
 Mn 2  4H 2O  Br2
2
Or,
2MnO4  10Br   16H  
 2Mn 2  8H 2O  5Br2

III. Reductant - Br 
Oxidant - MnO4 ]
*******
On following the same steps and solving we get :
(iv) 3Cu  2NO3  8H  
 3Cu 2  2NO  4H 2 O

(v) Cr2 O72   3Fe 2  14H  

 2Cr 3  3Fe3  7H 2 O

(vi) MnO4  8H   5Fe2 

 Mn 2  5Fe 3  4H 2O
*******
C. (i) P4  NaOH  H 2 O 
 PH3  NaH 2 PO 2

I. By oxidation no. method- (Basic medium)

(1) Write the O.N. of each atom in the skeletal equation
(O) (1)( 2)( 1) ( 1)(2) ( 3)( 1) (1) (1) ( 1)(2)
P4  NaOH  H 2 O 
 PH3  Na H 2 PO2

(2) Identify atoms which undergo change in O.N.

(0) (3) ( 1)
P4  NaOH  H 2 O 
 PH3  NaH 2 PO 2

(3) Calculate increase and decrease in O.N. w.r.t. reactant atom

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 Vidyamandir Classes
(4) Equate the increase and decrease in O.N. in the reactant side, balance ‘P’ atoms in the equation.
P4  3NaOH  H 2 O 
 PH3  3NaH 2 PO2

(Balance Na atoms and others except O & H-atoms)

(5) In basic medium, add OH-ions on the side deficient in negative changes.
Not required as there is no charge.
(6). Add water molecules to balance O & H atoms
 P4  3NaOH  3H 2 O 
 PH3  3NaH 2 PO2

II. By Ion-Electron Method.

Step-1: Seperation of equation in two half reaction.
Using first three steps of oxidation no. method, we have

Thus, two half reaction are:

Reduction half reaction: P4 
 PH3

Oxidation half reaction: P4 

 NaH 2 PO2
Step-2: Balancing half-reactions:
Reaction: P4 
 NaH 2 PO2

(1) Add no. of e  s required to balance change in O.N. and balance P-atoms.
(0)
 4NaH 2 PO 2  4e 
P4 
(2) Balance atoms other than H & O-atoms
P4  4Na  
 4NaH 2 PO 2  4e
(3) Balance O-atoms by adding H 2O to the side deficient in O-atoms.
4Na   P4  8H 2 O 
 4NaH 2 PO 2  4e 

(4) Balance H-atoms by adding H  ions to the side deficient in H-atoms.

4Na   P4  8H 2 O 
 4NaH 2 PO2  4e   8H 

(5) In basic medium, we add OH  ions on both sides equal to the number of H+ ions.
4Na   P4  8H 2 O  8OH 
 4NaH 2 PO 2  4e  8H   8OH

 H  & OH combines to form H 2O , and it gets cancelled by those present on the opposite side.

4Na   P4  8OH 
 4NaH 2 PO 2  4e  …. (i)

Step-3: Balancing reduction half reaction:

Reaction: P4 
 PH3

(1) Add no of e  s required to balance change in O.N. and balance P-atom.

(0) (3)
12e   P4 
 4 PH 3

(2) Balance H-atoms by adding H  ions to the deficient side.

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 Vidyamandir Classes

12e  12H   P4 
 4PH3

(3) In basic medium, add OH ions on both sides to equal in number to H  ions.
12e   12H   12OH  P4 
 4PH3  12OH

  4PH3  12OH
P4  12H 2 O  12e   …. (ii)

Step:4 Add two half-reactions: (cancelling e  s on both sides)

 4Na   P  8OH   4NaH 2 PO2  4e   3
 4
 
 4PH3  12OH
P4  12H 2 O  12e  

12H 2 O  12NaOH  4P4 

12Na H 2 PO2  4PH3
Dividing the whole equation by 4, we get

P4  3NaOH  3H 2 O 
 PH3  3NaH 2 PO2

III. Oxidant - P4 .
Reductant- P4
Reaction in which the same species gets oxidised as well as reduced are called Disproportionation Reactions
*******
(ii) N 2 H 4  g   CO3 (aq.) 
 NO  g   C  (aq.)

I. By oxidation no. method: (Basic medium).

(1) Write O.N. of each atom in the skeletal equation.
( 2) ( 5)( 2) ( 2)( 2) ( 1)
N2 H4  CO3 
 NO  C 
and identify atoms which undergo change in O.N. from reactants to product (N, Cl).
(2) Calculate increase and decrease in O.N. w.r.t. reactant atoms. Balance N, Cl atoms on both sides.

(3) Equate the increases and decrease in O.N. in the reactant side. And balance all atoms except H & O
3N 2 H 4  4CO3 
 6NO  4C 

(4) In basic medium, add OH ions on the side deficient in ve charges.(it is already balanced).
(5) Add water molecules to balance O & H atoms.
3N 2 H 4  4C 3 
 6NO  4C   6H 2 O

II. By Ion-Electron Method:

Step:1- Seperation of equation in two half reactions
using 1st two steps of oxidation no. method, we have

Thus, two half reaction are:

Module - 1 28 Solutions
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Reduction half reaction: CO3 

 C 

Oxidation half reaction: N 2 H 4 

 NO
Step-2: Balancing of reduction half-reactions:
Reaction: CO3 
 C 

(1) Add no. of e  s required to balance change in O.N. and balance C -atoms.
CO3  6e  
 C 

(2) Balance O-atoms by adding H 2O and O  deficient side CO3  6e  

 C  3H 2 O

(3) Balance H-atoms by adding H  ions to side deficient in H-atoms.

CO3  6e   6H  
 C   3H 2 O

(4) In basic medium, we neutralize H  ions by adding OH  ions as both sides.

CO3  6e   6H   6OH  
 C  3H 2O  6OH 

 H  and OH combines to form H 2O and gets cancelled from the opposite side.

CO3  6e   3H 2 O 
 C  6OH 
Step-3: Balancing oxidation half reaction.
Reaction: N 2 H 4 
 NO .

(1) Add no. of e  s required to balance change in O.N. and balance N atoms.
( 2) ( 2)
N 2 H 4 
 2NO  8e 

(2) Balance O-atoms by adding H 2O molecules to side deficient in O-atoms and then H-atoms by H  ions .
 2NO  8e   8H 
N 2 H 4  2H 2 O 

(3) In basic medium add OH  ions on both sides to neutralise H  ions.

N 2 H 4  2H 2 O  8OH  
 2NO  8e  8H   8OH 

N 2 H 4  8OH  

  2NO  6H 2 O  8e 

Step-4: Add two half reactions (Cancelling e  s on both sides).

 CO  6e  3H O   C   6OH   4
 3 2
 
 N H  8OH   2NO  6H 2O  8e   3
 2 4
 

4CO3  3N 2 H 4 
 4C   6H 2 O  6NO

III. Oxidant - CO3

Reductant - N 2 H 4
*******
(iii) C 2 O7  4H 2 O2  2OH  
 2CO 2  4O2  5H 2 O

(iv) 4Zn  NO3  7H 2 O 

 4Zn 2  NH 4  10OH 
*******

Module - 1 29 Solutions
 Vidyamandir Classes

IN-CHAPTER EXERCISE – (D)

1. Zn(s)  CuSO 4 (aq)  ZnSO4 (aq)  Cu(s)
When Zn removes copper from copper sulphate solution, the blue color of the solution disappears.
2. Refer module (Pg 8)
3. MnO2  4HCl 
 MnCl 2  2H 2O  Cl 2 
MnO 2 is oxidising agent & HCl is reducing agent
4. Refer Module (Pg. 17)
5. Corrosion of iron leads to weakening of an iron structure. This process is called rusting. A film of reddish iron oxide forms
on the surface of the corroded iron. Exposure to moisture present in the atmosphere is sufficient to rust iron. Corrosion is
represented by the following chemical reaction:
4 Fe + 3 O2 + x H2O  2Fe2O3.xH2O ; Painting iron prevents it from rusting.

BASED ON CBSE [SUBJECTIVE]

EXERCISE SHORT ANSWER TYPE :
1. Magnesium ribbon + oxygen 
 Magnesium oxide (White powder)
(a) It burns with a dazzling white light.
(b) The white powder that has been collected on the watch glass is magnesium oxide.

2. There is no gain or loss of atoms during a chemical reacion. The balancing of chemical equation means to equalise the number
of atoms of each element as well as the net charge on both sides of the equation.
3. (i) Oxidation number method (ii) Ion electron method.
4. During this process, chemical substances with inherent properties interact with each other and form completely new
chemical substances with different properties. The important characteristics of chemical reactions are given on Pg 1.
5. An equation tells us about the reactants, reagents & the product and their physical states.
6. (i) H 2  Cl 2 
 2HCl (ii) 3BaCl 2  Al 2 (SO4 )3 
 2AlCl3  3BaSO4
(iii) 2Na  2H 2 O 
 2NaOH  H 2
7. (i) ‘x’ is CaO used for white washing. (ii) CaO  H 2 O 
 Ca(OH)2

8. Fe(s)  CuSO4 (aq) 

 FeSO4 (aq)  Cu(s)
Blue Green

9. 2NaCl  ZnSO 4 
 Na 2 SO4  ZnCl2
0 0 1 2 2 2 0 0 1 2
10. (i) 4 Na(s)  O2 (g) 
 2 Na 2 O(s) (ii)  Cu  H 2 O( l)
Cu O (s)  H 2 (g) 
oxidised 
 Na Oxidised 
 H2
Reduced 
 O2 Reduced 
 CuO

EXERCISE LONG ANSWER TYPE :

11. Exothermic Reaction : A chemical reaction which produces (releases) energy in the form of heat and light is called exothermic
reaction.
Examples : 2Al (s) + Fe2O3(s) 
 Al2O3 (s) + 2Fe (l) + Energy (heat)

Module - 1 30 Solutions
 Vidyamandir Classes

Endothermic Reactions : A chemical reaction which absorbs energy in the form of heat and light is called endothermic
reaction.
Example : Ba(OH)2 . 8 H2O(s) + 2NH4SCN(s)   Ba(SCN)2 (aq) + 2NH3 (aq) + 10 H2O (l)
12. Respiration is a metabolic process by which an organism obtains energy (in form of ATP) by oxidizing nutrients and releasing
waste products.
 sunlight electricity
13.  CaO(s)  CO 2 (g) ; AgCl 
CaCO3 (s)   2Ag  Cl 2 ; 2H 2 O   2H 2  O 2
14.  2NaCl(aq)  Zn(s) . It is an example of displacement reaction
2Na(s)  ZnCl2 (aq) 
2AgNO3  ZnCl2 
 2AgCl  Zn(NO3 )2
It is an example of double displacement reaction.
15. (a) To prevent them from rusting. (b) To prevent rancidity
16. Refer Module Pg 17

17. A chemical equation does not provide information about the spontaneity & the rate of reaction or how fast the reaction is
occuring.
 CuSO 4  Zn is not a spontaneous reaction whereas
Cu  ZnSO4 
 ZnSO 4  Cu is a spontaneous reaction.
Zn  CuSO4 
18. Refer Module (Pg. 7)
0 2 2 0
19. Yes. Zn  Cu SO 4 
 Zn SO4  Cu
It is a displacement as well as a redox reaction.
20. (a) Zn  CuSO4 
 ZnSO 4  Cu (b) 2Al  6HCl(dil.) 
 2AlCl3  3H 2 (g)
(c) Ag(s)  CuSO4 (aq) 
 No reaction

BASED ON CBSE [OBJECTIVE]

1.(A) Dissolving sugar in water is a physical change.
2.(C) AgNO3  NaCl 
 AgCl   NaNO3
It is a double displacement reaction.
3.(C) Fe  CuSO4 
 FeSO 4  Cu
It is displacement reaction.
4.(B) It is a combination reaction. 5.(A) For white washing of walls calcium oxide is mixed with water.
6.(A) A reaction in which under equilibrium condition, both the reactants and products are present is called Reversible Reaction..
7.(C) Burning of petrol is a combustion reaction since petrol is a hydrocarbon which acts as a fuel.
heat
8.(B) 2Pb(NO3 ) 2 (s) 
 2PbO(s)  4NO 2 (g)  O 2 (g)
2 2 0 4
9.(D) ZnO CO   Zn  CO 2
ZnO is reduced & CO is oxidised.
10.(D) C  O 2 
 CO 2  Heat
It is a combination reaction, in which oxidation of carbon occurs. It is an exothermic reaction since heat is being evolved.

Module - 1 31 Solutions
 Vidyamandir Classes

11.(A)  CaO  CO 2 . It is a decomposition reaction.

CaCO3  12.(A) Heat is not evolved during endothermic reaction.
4 2 0
13.(B) SO 2  H 2S 
 2H 2 O  3S
the reducing agent is H 2S since it is being oxidised.
14.(A) A reaction in which the cations and anions exchange partners is called metathesis reaction.

FeCl3  3NaOH 
 Fe(OH)3  3NaCl

15.(A) 6 HCl(dil.)  2Fe 

 2FeCl3  3H 2 

16.(D) Fe  CuSO4 
 FeSO 4  Cu
Fe nails are not dissolved, they undergo displacement reaction & the blue colour of the relation disappear.
17.(B) CaCO3 
 CaO  CO 2  decomposition reaction
H 2  Cl 2 
 2HCl  redox reaction
CaO  2HCl 
 CaCl 2  H 2 O  neutralization reaction
NaOH  HCl 
 NaCl  H 2 O  Neutralization reaction

18.(D)  2HCl it is a redox reaction

H 2  Cl 2  19.(C) Oxidising agent is reduced.

20.(D) Fe2 O3  2Al 

 Al 2 O3  2Fe
It is a displacement reaction.

EXERCISE BASED ON NTSE

1.(A) the mass of 1 g atom of C = the mass of 1 mole of C = 12 g
1
the mass of mole of CH 4  8g
2
the mass of 10 ml of H 2O  10g (assuming the density of water is 1 g/ml)
1
the mass of 3.011 10 23 atoms of oxygen = the mass of mole of O 2 = 8 g
2
 1 1 0  2 1
2.(A) 2 CuI 
 Cu  CuI 2
In this reaction the Cu is undergoing disproportionation reaction, so it is a redox reaction.

3.(A) Cu  2AgNO3 
 2Ag  Cu(NO3 ) 2
Blue colour

Cu displaces Ag from its salt as it is above Ag in reactivity series.

4.(C) Only the reaction 2FeCl3  H 2S 
 2FeCl 2  2HCl  S
is redox reaction in which H 2S is acting as reducing agent. All other reactions are not redox reactions.

5.(C) Cu  4HNO3 
 Cu(NO3 ) 2  2NO2  2H 2 O

6.(A) Fe2 (SO 4 )3 
 Fe 2 O3  3SO3
7.(A) In reversible exothermic reaction, the rate of reaction decreases with increase in temperature.
8.(D) 3Cu  8HNO3 (dil.) 
 3Cu(NO3 ) 2  2NO  4H 2 O
9.(C) From law of conservation of mass

Module - 1 32 Solutions
 Vidyamandir Classes

1 mole of CaCO3 on heating gives 1 mole of CaO(s) & 1 mole of CO 2 (g) .

So,  CaO(s)  CO 2 (g)

CaCO 3 
100g 56g 44g
10.(B) In combination reaction, two or more chemical substances combine to form a single product.
This has been observed in option (B) only.
11.(D) Fe2 O3  2Al   Al 2 O3  2Fe
It is a displacement reaction as Al displaces Fe from its salt.
4 2 0
12.(A) SO 2  2H 2 S 
 2H 2 O  3S
In this reaction SO 2 is acting as oxidising agent & H 2S is acting as a reducing agent.

13.(C) 2Na  2H 2 O 
 2NaOH  H 2
is a displacement reaction as H 2 gas is being displaced by Na from H 2 O .
14.(C) Fe2 O3  3H 2 
 2Fe  3H 2 O
4 0 0 3
15.(A) 3MnO2  4 Al 
 3Mn  2Al2 O3
MnO 2 is acting as an oxidising agent as its oxidation number is being decreased during the reaction.

16.(A)  ZnO  CO2 . It is a decomposition reaction as a chemical species is splitting into small species.
ZnCO3 
17.(A) Decomposition reaction is the reaction in which compound decomposes to give simple products.
18.(C)  2MgO  Heat , so reaction is exothermic in nature.
2Mg  O2 
White residue

19.(A) Zn  H 2SO 4 
 ZnSO4  H 2
It is a displacement reaction because Zn displaces H 2 gas from H 2SO 4 .
2 0 0 4
20.(A) 2PbO(s)  C(s) 
 2Pb(s)  CO 2 (g)
PbO is getting reduced and carbon is getting oxidised.
21.(B) Na 2SO 4  BaCl2 
 2NaCl  BaSO4 
White ppt.
It is a double displacement reaction.
22.(A) CaCO3 
 CaO  CO 2
It is a decomposition reaction & all other are redox reactions
23.(A) H 2SO 4  2NaOH 
 Na 2SO 4  2H 2 O
 2 moles NaOH is required to neutralize 1 mole of H 2SO 4
 5 moles NaOH will neutralize 2.5 moles of H 2SO 4 . 24.(D) Refer Module
25.(A) A balanced equation is that in which number of atoms on the either side of reaction of each species become equal and same
is true for charge i.e. the net charge on either side should be same.

 2FeCl3 is not a balanced equation as number of Cl-atoms are not same on either side.
2Fe  Cl 2 

26.(C) Al  2H  
 Al 3  H 2
The net charge on either side should be same. In option (C) Charge is not same so it is not a balanced equation.

Module - 1 33 Solutions
 Vidyamandir Classes

27.(D) Oxidation is loss of electron, increase in oxidation state, gain in oxygen or loss of hydrogen.
28.(D) KMnO4
1  x  4(2)  0
x  7
29.(C) Galvanisation of iron means coating of iron with zinc.

EXERCISE BASED ON JEE FOUNDATION

MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE
1.(AB) Na  H 2 O 
 NaOH  H 2 
2.(BC) Reduction is addition of hydrogen, removal of oxygen, gain of e & decrease in oxidation number..
2 0 4 2 2
3.(AC) C2 H5OH  O2 
 CO2  H 2O
In this reaction oxidation of carbon & reduction of oxygen is taking place.
0 0 4  2
4.(BC) H 2  Cl 2 
 2 HCl
It is a redox as well as combination reaction.
5.(AB) In Sodium amalgam Na(Hg), the oxidation number of Na is zero. In brass the oxidation number of copper is zero.
0 1 0
6.(ABD) 3 Fe (s)  4H 2 O   Fe3O4  4H 2 (g)
Fe is getting oxidised and H 2 O is getting reduced.  water is acting acting as a oxidising agent.
7.(AB) CaO  H 2 O 
 Ca(OH) 2  Heat
C  O 2 
 CO 2  Heat
8.(BC)  Mg(OH) 2 
MgO  H 2 O 
 are combination reactions
4Al  3O2  2Al 2 O3 

KClO3   2KCl  3O 2 is decomposition reaction.
 ZnSO 4  Fe is displacement reaction.
Zn  FeSO4 
9.(BD) Sublimation of dry ice & evaporation of H 2 O are endothermic processes.
10.(ABD)The oxidation number of oxygen is +2 in OF2 , –1 in peroxides & –2 in oxides.
Oxidation number of fluorine is either zero or –1.
Oxidation number of Na in Sodium amalgam is zero.
SINGLE CHOICE TYPE
11.(C) H can have –1 as well as +1 oxidation state.

12.(C) Cr(CO)6
x+ 6×0=0
x= 0

13.(D) F can have –1 or zero oxidation state

Oxidation state of F in all its compounds is –1

14.(C) Charge & mass are conserved in all oxidation reduction reactions.

Module - 1 34 Solutions
 Vidyamandir Classes

15.(B) BiO3  6H  xe 1  Bc 3  3H 2 O

by using charge conservation
–1+6–x= +3
x=5–3
x= 2

16.(C)

17.(D)
this reaction is not redox Reaction
1
18.(B) M x   MnO4   MO3  Mn 2   O2
2
after using given data, Reactant side of this Redox reaction will look like.

Increase in oxidation number = decrease in oxidation number

2.5 ( 5 – x) = 1 × (7 – 2)
1/5 (5 – x) = 5
x= 3

LINK-COMPREHENSION TYPE
PARAGRAPH FOR 19- 21

19.(C)  Cr 3  CO 2  H 2 O
Cr2 O 72   C 2 O 42   H  
Oxidation half cell reaction:

C 2 O42  
 2CO2  2e
reduction half cell reaction

Cr2 O72   14H   6e  

 2Cr 3  7H 2O
20.(A) Total electrons involved in the reaction is 6.
so 6 electrons are gained in reduction.
21.(A) The complete balanced equation is

Cr2 O72   3C 2 O 42  14H  

 2Cr 3  6CO2  7H 2 O

Module - 1 35 Solutions
 Vidyamandir Classes

PARAGRAPH FOR 22- 24

22.(A) Let the weight of CaCO3 be x g
weight of MgCO3 will the (1.84  x ) g

CaCO3 (s) 
 CaO(s)  CO 2 (g) 

MgCO3 (s)   MgO(s)  CO 2 (g) 
Let the mass of CaO formed be ‘a’ g
Let the mass of MgO formed be ‘b’ g
then a  b  0.96 g
1 mole of CaCO3 gives 1 mole of CaO(s) on heating
Similarly, 1 mole of MgCO3 gives 1 mole of MgO(s) on heating.
x x
moles of CaCO3 present  
M CaCO3 100
(1.84  x) (1.84  x)
Moles of MgCO3 present  
M MgCO3 84
a a b b
Moles of CaO formed   , Moles of MgO formed  
MMCaO 56 MM MgO 40
As moles of MgCO3 = moles of MgO and mole of CaCO3 = moles of CaO.
(1.84  x ) b x (1.84  x )
 ; a   56 g , b   40 g
84 40 10 0 84
x (1.84  x)
Dry weight of residue  a  b  0.96 g   56   40  0.96
100 84
Solving
x=1 g = Mass of CaCO3
1.84  x  0.84 gm  Mass of MgCO3
1 0.84
Mass % of CaCO3 in mixture   100  54.34% ; Mass % of MgCO3 in mixture =  100  45.66%
1.84 1.84

CaCO3 
 CaO CO 2
23(A) 56 g
100 g 44 g

If 100 g of CaCO3 is heated, then weight obtained of CaO = 56 g (assuming 100% pure)

56 g
If 200 kg of CaCO3 is heated, then weight obtained of CaO   200 kg  112 kg
100 g
Since the purity is 95%
112  95
therefore mass obtained will be   106.4 kg
100
24.(A) 2Fe 2S3  6H 2 O  3O2   4Fe(OH)3  6S
Given 1 mole 2 mole 3 mole
In this reaction, H 2 O will act as limiting reagent
So, 6 mole of H 2 O gives = 4 mol of Fe(OH)3

Module - 1 36 Solutions
 Vidyamandir Classes

4 8
2 mole of H 2 O gives =   2   1.34
6 6
INTEGER TYPE
25.(4) HNO3  5
P2 O5  5
HClO3  5
P 4O10  5
HClO 4  7
CrO3  6
26.(3) Option (A) (C) (E) are combination reaction
27.(2) Sublimation of dry ice & evaporation of H 2 O are endothermic processes.

28.(7) 6Fe 2  (aq)  1Cr2 O72  (aq)  14H  

 6Fe3 (aq)  2Cr 3 (aq)  7H 2O(l )
the sum of a  b  7

29.(2) 2FeSO4 (s) 
 Fe 2 O3 (s)  SO 2 (g)  SO3 (g) 

CaCO3 (s) 
 CaO(s)  CO 2 (g) 

2Pb(NO3 ) 2 (s) 
 2PbO  4NO2 (g)  O2 (g)

AgCl(s) 
 X no reaction
30.(1) Na 2SO 4  BaCl 2  BaSO4  2NaCl
is an example of double displacement.

MATCH MATRIX TYPE

31. (A)  Q, (B)  P, (C)  S, (D)  R
Refer Module
32. (A)  R, (B)  Q, (C)  S, (D)  P
H 2SO 4  2(1)  x  4(2)  0  x  6
KClO3  1  x  3(2)  0  x  5
KMnO4  1  x  4(2)  0  x  7
Fe 2 O3  2(x)  3(2)  0  x  3

Module - 1 37 Solutions