CONDITIONALS

I. Read the conditional sentences and answer the questions that follow:

1. If the lessons were more interesting, Mary would not attend another school.
a) Are the lessons boring? YES / NO
b) Does Mary attend another school? YES / NO

2. The manager would have fired him if he had had someone else to replace him.
a) Did the manager fire him? YES / NO
b) Was there anyone else to replace him? YES / NO

3. Carl will not sit next to me unless I agree to turn down my music.
a) Is Carl likely to sit next to me? YES / NO

II. Read each situation below and make up conditional sentences without changing the
meaning of the sentence provided (First, Second or Third conditional).
Example,
Jennifer says she can’t learn English because it’s too hard. In fact, it’s because she never
studies hard. (2nd conditional)
If Jennifer studied hard, she would be able to learn English.

1) Alice married Bob. Then she found he snored. She can’t bear people who snore.
___________________________________________________________________________
2) Tom wants to get a good job. So do a hundred others with good qualifications, but Tom
hasn’t even applied yet.
___________________________________________________________________________
3) My friend might spend her summer holiday in California with us. It depends on whether
her parents will allow her to join us.
___________________________________________________________________________
 Inverted Conditionals

III. Change the following if clauses into conditional without “if”.

1. If I had taken my parents’ advice, I wouldn’t have made the biggest mistake of my life.
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. If I were a world leader, I would try to stop the destruction of the earth and make the world a
better place for all people.
___________________________________________________________________________________

3. If wars continue, children will be left without parents and grow up in a world of misery and fear.
____________________________________________________________________________

Relative Clauses
IV. Make one sentence from the sentences given beginning as shown. Make other
necessary changes. Omit any unnecessary relative pronouns.
1) I undertook the journey alone for most of the way. It was all in the name of charity – Help
the Aged.
The journey ________________________________________________________________

2) Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American author and journalist. His novels are still very
popular. He led a painful life.

Ernest Miller Hemingway, _____________________________________________________

3) We visited a lake last summer. It is called Loch Ness. People know it for its friendly monster.
Lake Loch Ness___________________________________________________________

V. Study each situation below and select the correct relative clause (defining or non-defining)

1) Jane’s mother is the most interesting person I have ever met.

a) Jane’s mother, who is interested in detective novels, is the most interesting person I have ever met.
b) Jane’s mother who is interested in detective novels is the most interesting person I have ever met.

2) I am a sociable person, and I have many friends.

a) The boy, who is standing next to the window, has been one of my best friends for years.
b) The boy who is standing next to the window has been one of my best friends for years.
 VI. Correct the fused sentences and comma splices in the following paragraph. Insert a
COMMA before coordinating conjunctions if they combine two sentences (there are 10
mistakes including the missing commas).

I went to the Grand Canyon this summer with my grandmother it was a very exciting trip.
We drove the entire distance and we talked, laughed, and sang with the radio the entire time. I
never knew my grandmother was so cool, she knew all of the popular songs. I had no idea
that she listened to the same music that I do. We stayed in a hotel we ate breakfast in bed
every morning. Every day we went hiking and we were fascinated by the beauty of nature,
we packed our lunch and ate when we got hungry. Each night, we went out to dinner at a
fancy restaurant however, the food wasn’t always very good to me. The trip home was also
great. My grandmother and I really got to know each other on this trip I wouldn’t trade my
time with her for anything. We plan to take a road trip together every summer, my friends
think I’m crazy to want to spend my summer traveling with my grandmother I know there is
no better way to spend it. I am lucky to have such a great traveling partner.

VI. Two of the sentences below contain punctuation mistakes. Identify and correct the
sentences which have been punctuated incorrectly. Write “C” next to the sentence that is
correct.

1) We won the game, but my uniform was muddy, because it rained the entire time.
________________
2) As Kristina watched the train pull out of the station, she realized she would be late for work
yet again. ____________________
3) Today, I’m going to write a post, in addition, I’m recording some video lessons.
_______________

VII. Identify the dependent clause in the following sentence.

The dog needed a new leash, and he couldn't go for a walk until he had one.
a) The dog needed a new leash
b) He couldn’t go for a walk
c) Until he had one
 VIII. One of the examples below is a sentence fragment. Identify the SENTENCE
FRAGMENT among the sentences and correct it in the space provided.

1) No birth records exist, but an old church record indicates that a William Shakespeare was baptized
at Holy Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-Avon on April 26, 1564.
2) Located about 100 miles northwest of London and being a bustling market town along the River
Avon during Shakespeare's time.
3) There are seven years of Shakespeare's life where no records exist after the birth of his twins in
1585.

________________________________________________________________________