PEDIATRICS BULLETS

 A child with HIV-positive blood should receive inactivated poliovirus

vaccine (IPV) rather than oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) immunization.
 To achieve postural drainage in an infant, place a pillow on the
nurse’s lap and lay the infant across it.
 A child with cystic fibrosis should eat more calories, protein,
vitamins, and minerals than a child without the disease.
 Infants subsisting on cow’s milk only don’t receive a sufficient
amount of iron (ferrous sulfate), which will eventually result in iron
deficiency anemia.
 A child with an undiagnosed infection should be placed in isolation.
 An infant usually triples his birth weight by the end of his first year.
 Clinical signs of a dehydrated infant include lethargy, irritability, dry
skin decreased tearing, decreased urinary output, and increased pulse.
 Appropriate care of a child with meningitis includes frequent
assessment of neurologic signs (such as decreasing levels of
consciousness, difficulty to arouse) and measuring the circumference of
the head because subdural effusions and obstructive hydrocephalus can
develop.
 Expected clinical findings in a newborn with cerebral palsy include
reflexive hypertonicity and criss-crossing or scissoring leg movements.
 Papules, vesicles, and crust are all present at the same time in the
early phase of chickenpox.
 Topical corticosteroids shouldn’t be used on chickenpox lesions.
 A serving size of a food is usually 1 tablespoon for each year of age.
 The characteristic of fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) is erythema
on the face, primarily the cheeks, giving a “slapped face” appearance.
 Adolescents may brave pain, especially in front of peers. Therefore,
offer analgesics if pain is suspected or administer the medication if the
client asks for it.
 Signs that a child with cystic fibrosis is responding to pancreatic
enzymes are the absence of steatorrhea, improved appetite, and absence
of abdominal pain.
 Roseola appears as discrete rose-pink macules that first appear on the
trunk and that fade when pressure is applied.
 A ninety degree-ninety degree traction is used for fracture of a child’s
femur or tibia.
 One sign of developmental dysplasia is limping during ambulation.
 Circumcision wouldn’t be performed on a male child with
hypospadias because the foreskin may be needed during surgical
reconstruction.
 Neonatal abstinence syndrome is manifested in central nervous system
hyperirritability (for example, hyperactive Moro reflex) and
gastrointestinal symptoms (watery stools).
 Classic signs of shaken baby syndrome are seizures, slow apical pulse
difficulty breathing, and retinal hemorrhage.
 An infant born to an HIV-positive mother will usually receive AZT
(zidovudine) for the first 6 weeks of life.
 Infants born to an HIV-positive mother should receive all
immunizations of schedule.
 Blood pressure in the arms and legs is essentially the same in infants.
 When bottle-feeding a newborn with a cleft palate, hold the infant’s
head in an upright position.
 Because of circulating maternal antibodies that will decrease the
immune response, the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine
shouldn’t be given until the infant has reached 1 year of age.
 Before feeding an infant any fluid that has been warmed, test a drop of
the liquid on your own skin to prevent burning the infant.
 A newborn typically wets 6 to 10 diapers per day.
 Although microwaving food and fluids isn’t recommend for infants,
it’s commonplace in the United States. Therefore the family should be
toughs to test the temperature of the food or fluid against their own skin
before allowing it to be consumed by the infant.
 The most adequate diet for an infant in the first 6 months of life is
breast milk.
 An infant can usually chew food by 7 months, hold spoon by 9 month,
and drink fluid from a cup by 1 year of age.
 Choking from mechanical obstruction is the leading cause of death
(by suffocation) for infants younger than 1 year of age.
 Failure to thrive is a term used to describe an infant who falls below
the fifth percentile for weight and height on a standard measurement
chart.
 Developmental theories include Havighurst’s age periods and
developmental tasks; Freud’s five stages of development;
 Kohlberg’s stages of moral development; Erikson’s eight stages of
development; and Piaget’s phases of cognitive development.
 The primary concern with infusing large volumes of fluid is
circulatory overload. This is especially true in children and infants, and
in clients with renal disease.
 Certain hazards present increased risk of harm to children and occur
more often at different ages. For infants, more falls, burns, and
suffocation occur; for toddlers, there are more burns, poisoning, and
drowning for preschoolers, more playground equipment accidents,
choking, poisoning, and drowning; and for adolescents, more automobile
accidents, drowning, fires, and firearm accidents.
 A child in Bryant’s traction who’s younger than age 3 or weighs less
than 30 lb (13.6 kg) should have the buttocks slightly elevated and clear
or the bed. The knees should be slightly flexed, and the legs should be
extended at a right angle to the body.
 The body provides the traction mechanism.
 In an infant, a bulging fontanel is the most significant sign of
increasing intracranial pressure