4.1 DEFINITION COMPLEX TONE Nee mess tees Cara ACOUSTICS + Noise- unwanted sound; amount of annoyance ees eee eee (l EIR enone eran cls Lk ir uoen Seo eect euoy rum Ueaase Meas Sales DCU CHAE LULU ra Rere nL UA Co) Sol Se Renee Men Concur cae) Pench urate gece ACOUSTICS 1.1 DEFINITION COMPLEX.TONE * Noise Ambient, Noise- the noise associated with an.environment at a given time},no dominant sound in particular. Background Noise-is.the total noise fromall-Sources other than a particular sound. White Noise- undistinguishable background noise.ACOUSTICS 4.2 BEHAVIOR OF SOUND + High frequency sound tends to pass through thin materials and curve more easily around barriers, low frequency sounds are easily reflected by thin materials and do not bend around barriers. + Sound level decreases as the distance from sound source increases, ifthe distance is doubled (increased by factor of 2) the sound energy is decreased by a factor of 4 ACOUSTICS 4.2 BEHAVIOR OF SOUND + Sound moves in a straight-line path unless it is interrupted, When sound waves strikes an object, it can be reflected absorbed or transmitted + Reflection and absorption of sound is dependent on the wavelength of the sound. *+ Sound transmission is dependent on how much sound is reflected and how much is absorbed. shore ave length Teng wavelength Teoh feavency iow equenty loorampitude A Pee short wove length ong wave lengthACOUSTICS 13 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES OF ‘SOUND FREQUENCY (f) + Itis the measure of the tone or pitch of sound. ‘The number of cycles that the air particles move back and forth in one second in a sound wave is called the frequency of the wave. Its unit is cycles per second (cls) which is also termed Hertz (Hz) after the Austrian physicist Heinrich Hertz. ACOUSTICS 1.3 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES OF SOUND FREQUENCY (f) + Anormal young adult is capable of hearing sounds ranging from 20Hz to 20 kHz audible to the human ear meaning waves occur between 20 and 20,000 times per second 2 ee \qUONESS meairin dene (4) = $= <_APITCH (or requeney - measured in eyles a x0 so gn omUltrasonics Range Diagram ws} aus] esac) i ee ee 4.3 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES OF SOUND meen FREQUENCY (f) + Frequencies below 20H2 are called ° infrasonic frequencies. They are not heard & 7 but are perceived by humans as vibrations. P aa + Frequencies above 20kHz are referredto as 5 eo F FG? ultrasonic frequencies. These are also not 3 2 2 3s £38 & heard by the humans, although some a a 3 a 5 F @ animals can hear them. + Eight frequency bands or octaves are considered in room acoustics with the 10 20 50 100 200 500 tk 2k Sk 10k 20k following center frequencies: 63Hz, 125Hz, Frequency 7] 250Hz, 500Hz, 1kHz, 2kHz, 4kHz and 8kH2. ‘Audio Spectrum ACOUSTICS Gui ISiC a Quan TITIES OF SPEED (c) + The speed of sound in air has been measured as 344 misec. ‘+ This corresponds to 1,240 km/hr (770mithr) which is exiremely small ‘as compared to the speed of light (300,000km/sec) + The speed of sound in air does not vary with the frequency of sound or ts (udness. ‘Speed of sound (a) depends on the type of medium and the temperatre of the medium + Sounds at all audible frequencies, regardless of their loudness, travel at the same speed. + In solids, the speed of sound (that is, the speed of travel of vibrational energy) is considerably greater than in gases orn liquids. as sat(7 RD Y erat of specific heats (14 for ar at STP) R= gas constant (206 ms ?/K for air) T= absolute temperature (273.5 + °C)rane Sound Propagation ACOUSTICS 4.3 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES OF SOUND WAVELENGTH (2) Se Ct nto era ia Reuter eR Pea ae osm Ren au Ria a eT) SSE Reker Peter os ch Moc) eae SMES soe a Ly Pc Table Of Select Frequency Wavelengths Frequency | Waveath | Pich fo dosest Yore (150 cones) | (inteetr | whale ton 25 He 8 ‘60 275i [4059 [A (onest pana ole) done 283 Et owest noe of sting Bass) eoHe 179 8 sone 2 £2 (oweet noe of gta P AL QUA OF SOUND Sooke [413 ‘G2 seo [74 & A 200k 1585 {G3 lowest te vain) 250Re as 33 EMU eure une! d corresponding doors [2a ee Hee : Sook 225 Be cooks [142 coe ‘ike 1413 85 25m [04s ore azn [036 er saute [018 ‘case ete oe be some [01 Dow 20k [0055 [Drow +The pando sound vie a function of tempat; therefore wavelengths so ar. This chat bared on 20 degrees ‘tase notes are ounded tothe nearest whole ene and are not1.3 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES OF SOUND INTENSITY + Is defined as the amount of sound power falling on (or passing through, or crossing) a unit area. Since the unit of power is watt, the unit of sound intensity is watt per square meter (Wim?). The sound intensity which is just audible, called ACO U STI cs the threshold of audibility, has been determined to be 100-12 Wim?. The intensity that corresponds to the sensation of pain or threshold of pain in the human ear is approximately 10 Wim?, Decibel — is a measure of the intensity of sound; 10dB = 1B ACOUSTICS 4 CHARACTERICTICS OF SOUND ele ST aaa + Sound pressure level (loudness) — is eMusic oR Sunl anes Ri STR ee RUC eet) and is expressed in decibels. Itis a quantity called the sound intensity level cpACOUSTICS 4.4 CHARACTERICTICS OF SOUND a) ire) Meum R I! ogee eek a Ue Tel Pore RemiemecunuE sce aie mite MLC Nea 1g Geen Mr areas