WEEK 2 Foundation Systems

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code 101 - ARCH 1223 - BUILDING TECH. 3
WEEK 02
Foundation Systems
Building Foundations
Foundations provide support for structures, transferring their load to layers of soil or rock that have
sufficient bearing capacity and suitable settlement characteristics to support them.
There are a very wide range of foundation types suitable for different applications, depending
on considerations such as:
The nature of the load requiring support.

9
Ground conditions.
OO
The presence of water.

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Space availability.
Accessibility.
Sensitivity to noise and vibration.
Very broadly, foundations can be categorized as shallow foundations or deep foundations.
¢ Shallow foundations are typically used where the loads imposed by a structure are low relative to
the bearing capacity of the surface soils.
e Deep foundations are necessary where the bearing capacity of the surface soils is not adequate to support
the loads imposed by a structure and so those loads need to be transferred to deeper layers with
higher bearing capacity.
(Source: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Types_of structural load)
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FOUNDATION
SYSTEMS
FOUNDATIONS
¢ the lowest load-bearing part of a

building, typically below ground
KEW {=}
¢ Foundation systems are classified

into two broad categories -
shallow foundations and deep
foundations.
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
¢ Shallow or spread foundations are employed
when stable soil of adequate bearing capacity
occurs relatively near the ground surface.
* They are placed directly below the lowest
part of a superstructure and transfer building
loads directly to the supporting soil by
vertical pressure.
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¢ Individual or Isolated footings
PN UE coat ccs
¢ Strip footings
GROUND =A)
hoe
¢ Combined footings
NN
\\ ng
oy
AN\ oe
2h)
%
a
ae
¢« Mat or Raft Foundations
When to Choose Raft Foundation

* For foundation design, one of the most important aspects
is choosing the right type of foundation. Raft foundation is
preferred when-
The soil has a low bearing capacity.
Load of the structure has to be distributed over a large
area.
Individual or any other foundation area would
approximately cover 50% of the total ground area beneath
daly aU el tU Lge
The columns or walls are placed so closely that the
individual footings would overlap.
When to Choose Raft Foundation

* Stress on soil needs to be reduced.
* There is a possibility of differential settlement in case
individual footing is used.
When soil strata are unpredictable and contain pockets of
compressible soil.
Basement is to be constructed.
Any other type of footing cannot be used advantageously.
¢ Mat or Raft Foundations
¢« Mat or Raft Foundations
STEEL GRILLAGE FOUNDATION
iron plate —=—— column
steel
beams
(grillage)
concrete pad
STEEL GRILLAGE FOUNDATION
FOUNDATIONS OF THE &T. PAUL BUILDING,
DEEP FOUNDATIONS
* Deep foundations are employed when the
soil underlying a shallow foundation is
unstable or of inadequate soil bearing
Capacity.
¢ They extend down through unsuitable soil to
transfer building loads to a more appropriate
bearing stratum of rock or dense sand and
gravel well below the superstructure.
¢ PILE FOUNDATIONS
End Bearing Pile Friction Pile
Strong Soil
ss
fa)a Solel4
¢ PILE FOUNDATIONS
Pile foundations
low bearing ALTE: low bearing

capacity soil fe capacity soil
; “bedrock 3 SS ee
{or sound soil) AZ YT,
piles bearing on bedrock piles providing support

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Concrete P EK
STAGE 2
“og
<0
© 5
wv
2
Insert reinforcement Finished pile
Oo
£
Q-Se
in
oO gob GeO Sod ge ° o
PBee,
a noe NG-Se agg tho So
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Concrete P iles
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27 41624%3Flesson_id%3D12712743%... 11/13
Pre-cast Piles
Precast Pile Driving
PLACEMENT OF PILE INSTALLATION OF PILE REPETITION OF PROCESS
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Hiles/5780005/FOUNDATION SYSTEMS (2).pdf
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9/8/2021 code 101 - ARCH 1223 - BUILDING TECH. 3 - https://us|-tuguegarao.neolms.

code 101 - ARCH 1223 - BUILDING TECH. 3

The nature of the load requiring support.

The presence of water.

Very broadly, foundations can be categorized as shallow foundations or deep foundations.

(Source: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Types_of structural load)

¢ the lowest load-bearing part of a

¢ Foundation systems are classified

¢ Individual or Isolated footings

¢« Mat or Raft Foundations

When to Choose Raft Foundation

When to Choose Raft Foundation

¢ Mat or Raft Foundations

¢« Mat or Raft Foundations

STEEL GRILLAGE FOUNDATION

iron plate —=—— column

STEEL GRILLAGE FOUNDATION

FOUNDATIONS OF THE &T. PAUL BUILDING,

End Bearing Pile Friction Pile

low bearing ALTE: low bearing

piles bearing on bedrock piles providing support

https://usl-tuguegarao.neolms.com/student_lesson/show/27 41624 ?from %2Fstudent_lesson%2Fshow%2F

Precast Pile Driving

PLACEMENT OF PILE INSTALLATION OF PILE REPETITION OF PROCESS

Hiles/5780005/FOUNDATION SYSTEMS (2).pdf

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