Week 5 Reinforced Concrete Floor Systems

9/22/21, 10:06 PM code 101 - ARCH 1223 - BUILDING TECH. 3 - https://us|-tuguegarao.neolms.com/student_lesson/show/2741624?from=%2F stu...
code 101 - ARCH 1223 - BUILDING TECH. 3
WEEK 05
REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOOR SYSTEMS
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3.4 REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOOR SYSTEMS
3.4.1 SUSPENDED SLABS
In general, there are six types of reinforced-concrete floors systems:
1. One way solid slab and beam

2. One way joist slab or Ribbed slab
3. Two way solid slab and beam
4. Two way waffle slab
5. Two way flat plate
6. Two way flat slab
Each particular system has its distinct advantages, depending upon the
spacing, of columns, the magnitude of the loads to be supported, lengths
of spans, and the cost of construction. Although the arrangement of the
plan of a building frequently determines the column spacing,
approximately square bays are desirable. Column spacing of 20 ft., more
or less, has proved to be most economical, but this, of course, depends
on the type of floor construction to be used.
1. ONE-WAY SLABS
Probably the most commonly used type or reinforced concrete

construction consists of a solid slab supported by two parallel beams,
the beams framing into girders, and the girders in turn framing into
columns. The reinforcement slabs runs in one direction only, from
beam to beam, hence the slab is known as one-way slab. The number
of beams in a panel depends upon the column spacing and the live
load to be supported. The beams are spaced uniformly and generally
frame into the girders at the center, third or quarter points.
This type of framing is called the beam-and-girder floor. It is readily

constructed and the formwork is simple. The one-way slab is
economical for medium and heavy live loads for comparatively short
spans, 6 to 12 ft. For light live loads, 40 to 60 psf, the spans may be
increased, but long spans for one-way slabs results in comparatively
large dead loads.
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The main tensile reinforcement (running along the short direction) in fully
continuous slabs are alternately bent up, usually at an angle of 30 to
45 degrees, atthe fifth points of the span and extend over the supports
to the quarter points of the adjoining span. The remaining bars are
straight, placed in the bottom of the slab. For single span slabs the
bars are bent up at the quarter points.
Another method of placing the reinforcement is to place straight bars at the

bottom of the slab and the other straight bars at the top of the slab
over the supports. If the bent bars are used, bent bars from the
adjoining bars are extended over the supports, thus providing the
same amount of reinforcement over the supports as at mid-span.
In addition to the tensile reinforcement, temperature bars are also provided

running along the long direction. These serve to provide against the
effect of shrinkage and changes in temperature and also to distribute
possible load concentrations over larger areas. The size and spacing
of temperature bars depends upon the slab thickness.
Minimum protective covering for slab reinforcement is 20mm (3’).
| Tensile
Reinforcement
an -—ft— _
we xy
| {T_
— F || | ii
18 Zobren'de oP Bus
commeRS
a) Te. Ri@ m. yt
§ \ TYP. SLAB REINF, LAYOUT
s-6 5-5) NOT 10
Slab is supported on two sides by beams

or load-bearing walls; beams, in turn, may
be supported by girders or columns
GRID GRID GRID GRID

tt | wo 43 aa,
2 owe-mar sua] Lia gta, |. bers, 2, | bs , ive,
a2 TwO-rer SUB ye / ua | | | ee | uy | of | uy
Reinforced Concrete [feos = =
arate | “ca LF \dovtnunie 96 | LLM oo |
juvs | Leus | 7 ears pues | |uses fuses |"
‘2 TYP. SLAB SECTION

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or aes
(6 \ TYP. SLAB SPACER DETAIL

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2. ONE WAY JOIST OR RIBBED SLABS
For medium span lengths with light or

medium live loads, ribbed slabs have
proved to have an economical type of
floor construction. They are not so
well suited to heavy concentrated
loads as the solid one or two-way
DT ee he ee slabs. A one-way joist slab consists of
lc relatively small adjacent T-beams.
When the open spaces between the
webs or rings are filled with clay tile,
gypsum tile, concrete filler block or Distribution rib is formed
steel forms, the floor system is called ei abc ap da in order
a ribbed slab. oe ee
concentration over a
ee
larger area
Tensile
reinforcement
Pans are reusable metal or
occurs in the ribs
fiberglass molds, tapered
sides allow for easier
Tapered endforms are used
removal to thicken joist ends for
greater shear resistance
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Clay tile fillers are generally 12” x 12” in plan with depths of 4, 6, 8, 10, 12,
and 15 in. The usual practice is to place the tiles 16” o.c., thus
making the web 4” wide. The layer of concrete placed on top of the
tile is generally 2 or 2-1/2 in. thick. Reinforcement for this type of
construction may consist of two bars placed in the lower part of the
web, one bent and one straight, or of straight bars placed in the top
and bottom parts of the web.
50 mm THK. CONCRETE TOPPING WITHA

oa———— MINIMUM STRENGTH OF 3000 psi
6mm Welded WIREMESH AT
———— 150mm O.C. EACH WAY
am FILLER BLOCK
oO]
™N ~¥)
So vv
. s
qT |
|, _____0.63 _
Metal tile fillers are frequently used for ribbed floors. This is commonly
known as tin-pan construction. The metal forms are usually 36” long,
with 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 in. depths. They are placed on centers in
such a manner as to make the web 4 to 7 in. wide at the lowest point.
Form widths are generally 20 or 30 in.; a common condition is a form
20 in. wide, placed 25 in. on centers, to make a web 5” wide at the
bottom.
The metal forms may be removed or left in place after supporting

formwork has been taken down. To provide a greater web area near
the supports, where the shearing stresses may exceed the allowable,
special metal cores with the sides tapered in plan are used. The
degree of tapering generally is such that the web is increased 4” in
width. As in the case of clay-tile fillers, a 2, 2-1/2, or 3 in. slab is
placed over the metal tile forms, the slab and web forming a T-
section.
Gypsum-tile fillers have the advantage of providing a relatively lightweight

ribbed with a flush ceiling. Although they are made in various sizes, a
common width is 19”, placed 24” o.c., with webs 5” wide. When block
12° wide are used, they are placed 16” o.c., thus forming 4” — wide
webs.
With REMOVABLE STEEL FORMS

1) CJOIST’ WITH 3/8" @ 7-WIRE STRAND GRADE 270 ksi
6mm @ WIREMESH AT 150mm ©.C. EACH WAY
REMOVABLE STEEL FORM
50 mm THK. CONCRETE SLAB
* . 2 * * 2 S
= 7ed
Pe eT od WOOD STIFFENER
eee et |
620. mm,
TOTAL DEAD-LOAD - 1900 po (41 pst)
VOLUME OF CONCRETE SLAB -0.085 M'/ SQ.M
WEIGHT OF STEEL REINF. -4.5 kgs. / SQ.M
cost 7 mi -1,62 Im.

NO, OF RSF/M" - 1.50 pes
NO, OF WS./M’ 4,50 pes
eo ,@ fF
C-Joist on Top of Beam
—) 50mm. Thk. Concrete Slab with a minimum Strength of 3000 psi
‘6mm @ Wiremesh at 150mm O.C. Each Way =
i | pt Cjoist with 3/8" @ 7 - Wirestrand Grade 27Oksig
f pe
re oo a oe a 2
g
|
= |
ee
10 mm @ Dowel Bars at 600mm O.C.

Pete
pe Buec : Rebar {t—..
ems ious ; R.C. Beam
C-Joist’ on Corbel Type Beam

50mm, Thk, Conerete Slab with o minimum Strength of 3000 psi
| 4. & mm @ Wiremesh at 150mm ©.C. Each Way et
| | Cjoist with 3/8° @ 7 - Wirestrand Grade 270ksi
_=+—4
— a i. a. 3
: |
a
+
Rebor |
9/22/21, 10:06 PM code 101 - ARCH 1223 - BUILDING TECH. 3 - https://us|-tuguegarao.neolms.com/student_lesson/show/2741624?from=%2F stu.
C-Joist on Steel | - Beam

50mm. Thk. Concrete Slob with o minimum Strength of 3000 psi »
~ = 6 mm @ Wiremesh at 150mm O.C. Each Way:
| 4 CJoist with 3/8" @ 7 - Wirestrand Grade 270ksi! i
r a t a a a a a + a a a s a a
§ |
223 YT p__
i | - |
i T ]
[7s] 75
10mm. @ Dowel Bars
— Steel |] - Beam
3. TWO-WAY SLABS
When a floor panel is square or nearly so, having beams or walls on four
sides, itis generally economical to use two sets of reinforcing bars
placed at right angles to each other. These bars in two directions
transfer the loads to the four supporting beams or walls. Slabs thus
reinforced are known as two way slabs or slabs supported on four
sides.
For square panels, with supports of equal rigidity, the live and dead loads
are distributed equally in both directions and the reinforcements are
the same each way. When the panel is oblong or rectangular, the
greater part of the load is transmitted by the transverse or short
reinforcement. If the length of the slab exceeds 1.5 times its width,
the entire load is usually assumed to be carried by the short
reinforcement, and the long reinforcement used for shrinkage and
temperature reinforcement only; hence the slab would become a
one-way slab.
In determining the reinforcement of two-way slabs two strips of floor are

considered. One is middle strip, one half of the panel in width,
symmetrical about the panel center line, and extending through the
length of the panel. The other is the column _ strip, one half of the
panel in width and occupying the two quarter-panel areas outside the
middle strip. In placing the reinforcement it is advantageous to place
the bars in the short direction, carrying the greater load, under the
longer bars. Bars are bent up at fifth points and extend over the
supports of the quarter points of the adjoining slabs as is done for
one-way slabs.
Two-way slabs are most efficient when spanning

square or nearly square bays, and suitable for
carrying intermediate to heavy loads
4" (100) min slab depth; rule of thum for

slab depth: slab perimeter/180
Heayy Reinfotced
Lee) tage ead Co
Bg elem ee tec tat
meen eat 4, TWO WAY WAEELE SLAB
A waffle slab is a two way concrete slab reinforced by ribs in two

directions. Waffle slabs are able to carry heavier loads and span longer
distances than flat slabs.
Mach Rents 4
ree) Lu
For greater shear strength and

moment-resisting capacity, solid
heads at column supports are
formed by omitting
5. TWO WAY ELAT PLATE.
A flat plate is a concrete slab of uniform thickness reinforced in two or

more directions and supported directly by columns without beams or
girders. Simplicity of forming, lower floor-to-floor heights, and some
flexibility in column placement make flat plates practical for apartment and
hotel construction.
fr
eWhile a regular column grid is most appropriate, some
flexibility in column placement is possible
«Shear at column locations governs the thickness of a flat
plate
«Punching shear is the potentially high shearing stress
developed by the reactive force of a column ona
reinforced concrete slab
6. TWO WAY ELAT SLABS.
A flat-slab is a flat plate thickened at its column supports to increase its

shear strength and moment-resisting capacity. The slab is commonly
reinforced with bars running in two directions. This area of increased
thickness is called a drop panel or drop. The columns are generally square
in cross section, but rectangular or circular cross sections are also used.
Column capital may be

used in place of or in
conjunction with a drop
panel for increased
shear resistance
snip
or. sin sty
pee
fei mete
eer. Le Sitecast concrete fat stab consfruction

1 ‘ ! i 1 ‘with thickened slab portions at the
{ 1 columns. Column lines and ufferung of
mt ‘om 4 the thickened peniels define two-way “ithips'”
toy { i which are Gesigned as linear beam slemants,
1 ' i
A ee ae System reverts to a slab and beam structure
T Sa oe e al edges
and openings.
Detait |
on Fig. i
108? | 1
\ AL
i ‘
peo ers
«one
jae x = en | ss ‘
\.
os 4 . \,
a
tt + weer laos
f
—— =: af me, “w=,‘ Thickenod panels cast with-
Tithe
:
thor stats
PARTIAL FRAMING PLAN FOR THE FLOOR /
GENERAL VIEW
OF THE COLUMN STRIP
Flat-slab floors are economical in use of material and provide a rigid type of
construction. These floors are particularly suitable for industrial buildings
having large live loads and for buildings in which the columns capitals are
not objectionable. Among the advantages claimed for flat-slab floor are
the simplified formwork, better lighting due to the absence of beams and
girders, a saving in height for given clear story heights, a uniform surface
for suspending sprinkler systems, piping and shafting, and, because of
the absence of sharp corners, better resistance to fire.
The ratio of length to width of flat-slab panels should not exceed 1.33.
Thickness of slab without drop panels or through drop panel, if any, shall
not be less than L/36; thickness of slab with drop panels at points beyond
the drop panel should not be less than L/40. The side of diameter of the
drop panel shall be at least 0.33 times the span in the parallel direction.
The diameter of the column capital measured at the bottom of the slab or
drop panel (in feet) is generally taken between 0.20 and 0.25 L.
There are several methods of reinforcing flat-slabs and flat plates:

1. Two-way system. This system is the most commonly used and consists of two sets
of bars extending directly from column to column in both directions. Slabs are
square or rectangular.
2. Three-way system. The reinforcement extends from column to column, the
columns being placed at the corners of equilateral triangles; hence slabs are
triangular in shape.
3. Four-way system. The reinforcement extends both directly and diagonally between
columns in both directions. The slabs are square or rectangular.
41624 ?from=%2F student_lesson%2Fshow%2F2741624%3Flesson_id%3D13198353%... 10/11
|
I
1
cobain
[sap
Micale strip
Edge panel
pa (alumna and drop pane!
|
Column strip
Ny
Reinforced Concrete
|
T
eee et |
ol ¢
a]
=| 3&
= a
=| 3
&
=
= Sottom bars —
a= Top bars -s
E Cue alil rs
Strh> 1 Miaale sirig | Column strip | Abodie stip | Column sire
| _Bibeepae lp
PLAN ViEW
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Week 5 Reinforced Concrete Floor Systems

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9/22/21, 10:06 PM code 101 - ARCH 1223 - BUILDING TECH. 3 - https://us|-tuguegarao.neolms.com/student_lesson/show/2741624?from=%2F stu...

code 101 - ARCH 1223 - BUILDING TECH. 3

REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOOR SYSTEMS

3.4 REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOOR SYSTEMS

3.4.1 SUSPENDED SLABS

In general, there are six types of reinforced-concrete floors systems:

1. One way solid slab and beam

Probably the most commonly used type or reinforced concrete

This type of framing is called the beam-and-girder floor. It is readily

Another method of placing the reinforcement is to place straight bars at the

In addition to the tensile reinforcement, temperature bars are also provided

Minimum protective covering for slab reinforcement is 20mm (3’).

Slab is supported on two sides by beams

GRID GRID GRID GRID

‘2 TYP. SLAB SECTION

(6 \ TYP. SLAB SPACER DETAIL

2. ONE WAY JOIST OR RIBBED SLABS

For medium span lengths with light or

50 mm THK. CONCRETE TOPPING WITHA

The metal forms may be removed or left in place after supporting

Gypsum-tile fillers have the advantage of providing a relatively lightweight

With REMOVABLE STEEL FORMS

TOTAL DEAD-LOAD - 1900 po (41 pst)

VOLUME OF CONCRETE SLAB -0.085 M'/ SQ.M

WEIGHT OF STEEL REINF. -4.5 kgs. / SQ.M

cost 7 mi -1,62 Im.

10 mm @ Dowel Bars at 600mm O.C.

C-Joist’ on Corbel Type Beam

C-Joist on Steel | - Beam

In determining the reinforcement of two-way slabs two strips of floor are

Two-way slabs are most efficient when spanning

4" (100) min slab depth; rule of thum for

A waffle slab is a two way concrete slab reinforced by ribs in two

For greater shear strength and

5. TWO WAY ELAT PLATE.

A flat plate is a concrete slab of uniform thickness reinforced in two or

6. TWO WAY ELAT SLABS.

A flat-slab is a flat plate thickened at its column supports to increase its

Column capital may be

eer. Le Sitecast concrete fat stab consfruction

There are several methods of reinforcing flat-slabs and flat plates:

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