Reinforced Concrete Structures-

I
(CENG 3062)

Chapter 4: Edge Supported

Two Way Slabs

Seto M.

July 2022
 OUTLINE

 Introduction
 Behaviour of Two-way Edge
supported slabs
 Distribution of Moments in two way
slabs
 Analysis and design of two-way
slabs
 Introduction:
o In reinforced concrete construction, slabs are
used to provide flat useful surfaces.
o Reinforced concrete slab may be supported by
o reinforced concrete beams (and is usually
poured monolithically with such beams)
o masonry or reinforced concrete walls,
o structural steel members & directly by columns
or continuously by the ground.
o Slabs may be supported in two opposite sides
only, as in Fig.4.1a, & its structural action of the
slab is to be essentially one-way type with the
loads being carried by the slab in the direction
perpendicular to the supporting beams.
 Continue…
o There may be beams on all four sides, as in
Fig.4.1b, so that two-way slab action is obtained
bending takes place along both spans.
o In related to above point, If the ratio of length to
width of one slab panel is larger than about 2, most
of the load is carried in the shorter direction to the
supporting beams and one-way action is obtained in
effect, even though supports are provided on all
sides.
o The simplest type of two-way slab action (see Fig
7.1b), where the slab, or slab panel, is supported
along its four edges by relatively deep, stiff,
monolithic concrete beams or by walls or steel
girders.
Continue…
 Continue…

(a) One-way slab (b) Two-way slab (c) Two-way slab (3D)

Fig.4.1 Types of structural slabs

 Behavior of Two-Way Edge-
Supported Slabs

 When loaded the slabs bend

in a dished surface. This
means that at any point the
slab is curved in both
principal directions,
 And since bending moments
are proportional to
curvatures, moments also
exist in both directions. Fig. Bending of center strips of
 To resist these moments, the two-way on simple edge supports
slab must be reinforced in
both directions.
 Distribution of Moments in two way
slabs
• If the uniform load w per square meter of slab is
loaded to the slab panel, each of the two strips acts
approximately like a simple beam uniformly loaded
by its share of w (wa or wb).
From approximate analysis
Consider the simply supported panel under uniform
load w.
Let wx and wy be load in the x and y direction in
which,the imaginary strips actually are part of the
same slab, their deflections at the intersection point
must be the same.
Equating the center deflections of the strips in the
short (x) and long (y) directions.
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------1

------2

------3
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substitute r from above equation-2

𝑾𝒙 = 𝑾𝒚 ∗ 𝒓𝟒

therefore, from equation 3

𝑾𝒚 + 𝑾𝒚 ∗ 𝒓𝟒 = 𝑾

𝑾𝒚 ∗ (𝟏 + 𝒓𝟒 ) = 𝑾
 Continue…

Substitute equation 4 back to equation 3 & determine

for Wx

the maximum moment per linear meter for any of the

support condition provided to the slab strip subjected to
uniform load of Wx & Wy distributed in the x & y
directions, respectively.
 Continue…
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝒄 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠;
𝑐 = 8 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑠 &
𝑐 = 12 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑠
substitute the values from equation 4 & 5 to the
corresponding equation found from equation 6
Continue…
 Continue…
Coefficients for simply supported, uniformly
loaded rectangular slabs (with corners
torsionally unrestrained)
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• One sees that the larger share of the load is
carried in the short direction.
• Therefore, as the ‘aspect ratio’ ly/lx (i.e., long
span/short span) increases, the curvatures and
moments along the long span progressively
reduce, and more and more of the slab load is
transferred to the two long supporting edges by
bending in the short span direction.
• The reinforcements in a two-way slab should
ideally be oriented in the directions of the two
principal moments (i.e., principal curvatures) at
every point.
 Continue…
• However, this is not generally convenient in
practice, and the bars are usually placed along the
transverse and longitudinal directions throughout
the slab.
• Such slabs are said to be ‘orthotropically
reinforced’; they are said to be also ‘isotropically
reinforced’ in case the reinforcements are such
that the moment of resistance per unit width of
slab is the same in both directions at the point
considered.
• The distribution of short span & long span moment
along the center strip 1-1 (Fig.4.3) shows that the
largest moment in the slab occurs at the mid span.
Elsewhere the maximum moment value is less.
 Continue…

• These variations in
maximum moment
across the width and
length of a
rectangular slab are
accounted in an
approximate way in
most practical design
methods by designing
for a reduced moment
in the outer portion of
the slab span in each
direction.
 Continue…

Fig.4.3 Moments & max. moment variations in a uniformly loaded slab

with simple supports on four sides.
 Design of Edge-Supported Two-way Slabs
using coefficient method

It is quick hand-method of calculating the moments in

two- way slabs supported by edge beams.
(1) The type of slab dealt with here is one composed of
rectangular panels supported at all four edges by walls
or beams stiff enough to be treated as unyielding.
(2)These methods are intended for slabs with uniformly
distributed loads. If a slab is subjected to
concentrate or line loads, in addition to a uniform load,
these can generally be treated by considering them as
equivalent uniform loads using approximate rules,
provided that the sum of the non-uniform loads on a
panel does not exceed 20 % of the total load.
 Continue…

Fig. 4.5 Support Rigidity for Two-Way Slabs

 Individual Panel Moments
1) Moments for individual panels with edges either
simply supported or fully fixed are calculated as:

Where mi is the design moment per unit width at the

point of reference
αi is the coefficient given in Table 4.1 as function of
aspect ratio Ly/Lx, and support conditions
gd is the uniformly distributed design permanent load
qd is the uniformly distributed design live load
Lx is the shorter span of the panel
Ly is the longer span of the panel
 Continue…

Subscripts for moments and moment

coefficients (αi) have the following meanings:
s support
f field (span)
x direction of shorter span
y direction of longer span
 Notations for critical moments

2) Notations for different critical moments and edge

numbers are shown in Fig.

Fig. notations for critical moments

 Slab middle and edge strips

3) Division of
slabs into middle
and edge strips
is illustrated in
Fig. The middle
strip being three
quarters of the
width and each
edge strip one
eighth of the
width.

Fig. Division of slab in to middle and edge strips

 Continue…
4) The maximum design moments calculated as above
apply only to the middle strips and no redistribution
shall be made.
5) Reinforcement in an edge strip, parallel to the
edge, need not be less than minimum areas of tension
reinforcement.
Moments in Continuous Slabs
1) The first stage of design is to determine support
and span moments for all panels individually by
treating their edges as either simply supported or
fully fixed.
External edges are generally considered as simply
supported and continuous edges are considered as
fully fixed.
 Continue…

2) If the slab is connected with an external wall

or if any of its edges is partly fixed and partly
simply supported, the following procedure may be
adopted:

(a) The ratio of the actual support moment to the

bending moment of fully fixed slab, or the ratio
of the width of fixed part to the width of the
simply supported part of the edge is evaluated.

(b) The bending moments of the slab are then

computed by interpolating between different
support conditions.
 Continue…
3) For each support over which the slab is continuous
there will thus generally be two different support
moments. The difference may be distributed between
the panels on either side of the support to equalize
their moments, as in the moment distribution method
for frames.
4) Two methods of differing accuracy are given here
for treating the effects of this distribution on
moments away from the support.
Method I
1) Method I may be used;
(a) When differences between initial support
moments are less than 20 percent of the larger
moment, and
 Continue…
(b) only for internal structures where the live load
does not exceed 2.5 times the permanent load (qk ≤
2.5gk) or 0.8 times the dead load for external
structures (qk ≤ 0.8gk).
2) When Method I is used, dimensioning is normally
carried out either using:
(a) Initial moments directly, or
(b) based on the average initial moment at the support.
Method II
1) In this method consideration of the effects of
changes of support moments is limited to the adjacent
spans. Since no effects on neighboring support
sections need be considered, only a simple balancing
operation is required at each edge and no iterative
process is involved.
 Continue…
2) The procedure for applying this method is as follows:
(a) Support and span moments are first calculated for
individual panels by assuming each panel to be fully
loaded. This is done by using the coefficients given in
Table 4.1
(b) The unbalanced moment is distributed using the
moment distribution method. The relative stiffness of
each panel shall be taken proportional to its gross
moment of inertia divided by the smaller span.
(c) If the support moment is decreased, the span
moments mxf and myf are then increased to allow for
the changes of support moments. This increase is
calculated as being equal to the change of the support
moment multiplied by the factors given in Table 4.2.
 Loads on Supporting Beams
• The design loads on beams supporting solid
slabs spanning in two directions at right angles
support: uniformly distributed loads may be
assessed from the following equations:

• Table 4.3 gives values of load transfer

coefficients. The assumed distribution of the
load on a supporting beam is as shown below.
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• The loads on beams supporting solid slabs
spanning in two directions at right angles and
supporting uniformly distributed loads may be
assumed to be in accordance with the following
figure.

• The design load on a beam determined in

accordance with the above equations may be
taken as the maximum shear in the slab at
the center of support.
General Procedures for the design of
edge supported two way slab

Step 1. depth determination for deflection

from the code ES EN 1992-1-1:2015
the limiting value of span/depth ratio may be
estimated by the following expression.

l  o  o  
3/2

 K 11  1.5 f ck  3.2 f ck   1  if   o

d      

l  o 1 ' 
 K 11  1.5 f ck  f ck if    o
d     ' 12 o 
 Continue…
where:
l/d is the limit span/depth
K is the factor to take into account the different structural
systems
3 f
ρo is the reference reinforcement ratio = 10 ck

ρ is the required tension reinforcement ratio at mid-span to

resist the moment due to the design loads (at support for cantilevers)
ρ’ is the required compression reinforcement ratio at mid-span
to resist the moment due to design loads (at support for cantilevers)
fck is in MPa units
Expressions (7.16.a) and (7.16.b) have been derived on the
assumption that the steel stress, under the appropriate design
load at SLS at a cracked section at the mid-span of a beam or
slab or at the support of a cantilever, is 310 MPa,
(corresponding roughly to fyk = 500 MPa).
Where other stress levels are used, the values obtained using Expression
(7.16) should be multiplied by 310/σs. It will normally be conservative to
assume that:
310 / σs = 500 /(fykAs,req / As,prov) (7.17)

where:
σs is the tensile steel stress at mid-span (at support for cantilevers)
under the design load at SLS
As,prov is the area of steel provided at this section
As,req is the area of steel required at this section for ULS

For flanged sections where the ratio of the flange breadth to the rib
breadth exceeds 3, the values of L/d given by Expression (7.16) should
be multiplied by 0.8.
 Table 7.4N: Basic ratios of span/effective depth for
reinforced concrete members without axial compression

Structural System K Concrete highly Concrete lightly stressed

stressed  = 1.5%  = 0.5%
Simply supported beam, one – or
11 14 20
two-way spanning simply supported slab
End span of continuous beam or one-
11.3 18 26
way continuous slab or two-way spanning
slab continuous over one long side
Interior span of beam or one-way or
11.5 20 30
two-way spanning slab
Slab supported on columns without
11.2 17 24
beams (flat slab) (based on longer span)
Cantilever
0.4 6 8
Note 1: The values given have been chosen to be generally conservative and calculation may
frequently show that thinner members are possible.
Note 2: For 2-way spanning slabs, the check should be carried out on the basis of the shorter span.
For flat slabs the longer span should be taken.
Note 3: The limits given for flat slabs correspond to a less severe limitation than a mid-span
deflection of span/250 relative to the columns. Experience has shown this to be satisfactory
 Step 2. design load calculation

Since an individual panel might have different

purpose (function) and finishing material, we
might encounter different live load and dead
load in a single panel.
 Step 3 Moment Analysis

Moment Calculation for two way slab using

coefficient method
 The first stage of design is to determine
support and span moments for all panels.
 The support and span moments are calculated
as
Mi   i Pd Lx
2

 Moment at each continuous edge for each

support over which the slab is continuous,
there will be two adjacent support moments.
 Step 4. Moment adjustment

The difference may be distributed between the

panels at either side of supports to equalize their
moments.
1. if the difference between moments is less than
20% of the larger moment then take the average or
the maximum moment .

2. if the difference between moments is greater

than 20% of the longer moment then apply moment
distribution based on relative stiffness to distribute
the unbalanced moment
Continue…
Span Moment Adjustment
 Continue…

Step 5 check for deflection

Step 6. design for flexure
Step 7. reinforcement layout
Step 8. load transfer
 Loads on Supporting Beams and Maximum Shear-force of
Two-way slab
ly

line theory
of slab. l wd .
Triangular
x
lx 2
load

450
wd .
lx 2

Trapezoidal load
The design loads on supporting beam and the design shear-force of two-way slab
subjected to a uniformly distributed load may be determined using the following
equation.
Vx  vx . wd . lx
Vy  vy . wd . lx
where vi --are shear-force coefficient given by the code as a function of aspect ratio,
ly lx and supporting condition of slab panel (refer table 3)
wd --service or factored uniform design load depending on method of design
The design load on supporting beam is assumed to be distributed over a length of
0.75 times the span length of beam
Table 4.1:Bending moment coefficients for
rectangular panels supported on four sides with
provision for torsion at corners
Table 4.2: Factors for adjusting span moments,
mxf and myf
Table 4.3:Shear force coefficients for uniformly loaded
rectangular panels supported on four sides with
provision for torsion at corners
 Example 1 (two way slabs):
Design the slab with depth
of 180mm; A B C

1. Given:- 1
 LL =4kN/m2
5.0m S1
 DL(partition & Finish)
S2
=3kN/m2 2

 assuming the density of 6.0m S3 S4

concrete for normal
weight concrete is 3
7.0m 4.0m
25kN/m3
==>>> pd =1.35*(3+25kN/m3 Material strength
0.85∗𝑓𝑐𝑘
*0.18m)+1.5*4 Concrete: fcd = =11.33MPa or
𝛾𝑐

pd = 16.125kN/m2
0.68∗𝑓𝑐𝑢
fcd = =9.06MPa
𝛾𝑐
 C25 and S400
𝑓𝑦𝑘 400
Steel: fyd = = = 347.83𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝛾𝑠 1.15
 2. Calculate field moment (𝑀𝑓 )and support moment (𝑀𝑠 )
𝑴𝒙𝒇 =𝜶𝒙𝒇 𝑷𝒅 𝑳𝒙 𝟐
𝑴𝒚𝒇 =𝜶𝒚𝒇 𝑷𝒅 𝑳𝒙 𝟐
𝑴𝒙𝒔 =𝜶𝒙𝒔 𝑷𝒅 𝑳𝒙 𝟐
𝑴𝒚𝒔 =𝜶𝒚𝒔 𝑷𝒅 𝑳𝒙 𝟐

Panel-1 Panel-2 Panel-3 Panel-4

𝐿𝑥 =5 𝐿𝑦 = 7 𝐿𝑥 = 4 𝐿𝑦 = 5 𝐿𝑥 = 6 𝐿𝑦 = 7 𝐿𝑥 = 4 𝐿𝑦 = 6
1.4 1.25 1.17 1.5
𝛼𝑥𝑓 𝛼𝑦𝑓 𝛼𝑥𝑠 𝛼𝑦𝑠 𝛼𝑥𝑓 𝛼𝑦𝑓 𝛼𝑥𝑠 𝛼𝑦𝑠 𝛼𝑥𝑓 𝛼𝑦𝑓 𝛼𝑥𝑠 𝛼𝑦𝑠 𝛼𝑥𝑓 𝛼𝑦𝑓 𝛼𝑥𝑠 𝛼𝑦𝑠
0.055 0.036 0.074 0.047 0.049 0.036 0.066 0.047 0.046 0.036 0.061 0.047 0.059 0.036 0.078 0.047
Continue…
 Continue…
𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
35.41kNm
i. Now, check the depth for ductility
𝑚𝑠𝑑
𝑑≥ use 𝑚𝑠𝑑 = 𝑚𝑠𝑑 , 𝑚𝑎𝑥 where b=1000m
𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝜇 ∗ 𝑠𝑑

Assume 0% redistribution.
[d≥ 102.9] <[D=180]………….ok!!!
ii. Balancing and distribution of moment for
adjusting support moments.
a) b/n panel S1and S2

∆𝑚 = 18.95 − 17.03 = 1.92

 Continue…
∆𝒎 𝟏.𝟗𝟐
= =𝟎. 𝟏 < 𝟎. 𝟐
𝒎𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆 𝟏𝟖.𝟗𝟓

∆𝒎
NB. If ratio is grater than 20% apply moment
𝒎𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆

distribution; If not, no need to adjust. Thus

𝒎𝒔𝒅 =𝒎𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆 =18.95kNm

b) b/n panel S1and S3

∆𝒎 = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟒𝟏 − 𝟐𝟗. 𝟖𝟑 = 𝟓. 𝟓𝟖
∆𝒎 𝟓.𝟓𝟖
= =𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟖 < 𝟎. 𝟐
𝒎𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆 𝟑𝟓.𝟒𝟏
=⇒≫ 𝑚𝑠𝑑 =𝑚𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 =35.41kNm
 Continue…

c) b/n panel S2 and S4

𝒎𝒔𝒅 =𝒎𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆 =12.13kNm

Panel S3 Panel S4
K 𝐼ൗ 𝐼ൗ
𝐿𝑦 𝐿𝑥
d) b/n panel S3and S4 1ൗ
7
1ൗ
4

∆𝒎 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟐𝟖 − 𝟐𝟎. 𝟏𝟐 DF 0.36 0.64

= 𝟕. 𝟏𝟔 FEM -27.28 20.12
∆𝒎 𝟕.𝟏𝟔
= =𝟎. 𝟐𝟔 > 𝟎. 𝟐 2.58 4.58
𝒎𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆 𝟐𝟕.𝟐𝟖
⇒ 𝒊𝒕 𝒏𝒆𝒆𝒅𝒔 𝒂 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒕 𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒖𝒄𝒆𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒕 -24.7 24.7
 Continue…

During balancing at supports, the span

moment/Field moment of the beams will be
disturbed.

S3 24.7 S4
20.12

Hence adjusting for Mf will be conducted only for

S3 because the curve is increased at the span but
no need to adjust for panel S4.
 Continue…

Span moment adjustment

Mxf,a =Cx M 
Myf,a =Cy M 
Cx and Cy are read from table 4.2
𝐿𝑦
For ൗ𝐿𝑥=7Τ6=1.17
from table 4.2 , Cx =0.3434 & Cy = 0.1864
Mxf,a =0.3434*(27.28-24.7)=0.89kNm
Myf,a =0.1864*(27.28-24.7)=0.48kNm
Mxf,S3 =26.7+0.89=27.59kNm
Myf,S3 =20.9+0.48=21.38kNm
 Continue…
3. Providing reinforcement(using 𝚽12 reinforcement bar)
ds = 180-(15+12/2)=159mm
dl = 180-(15+12+12/2)=147mm dL ds
Panel 1:
for the y direction
𝑴𝒔𝒅,𝒔 𝟏𝟒.𝟓𝟏∗𝟏𝟎𝟔
µ𝒔𝒅,𝒔 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎59
𝒇𝒄𝒅 ∗𝒃∗𝒅𝟐 𝟏𝟏.𝟑𝟑∗𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎∗𝟏𝟒𝟕𝟐
µ𝒔𝒅,𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟗 <µus*=0.295 (for 0% moment redistribution)
design as singly reinforced section
Using µ𝑠𝑑,𝑠 = 0.059 read Kz from the general design chart
No. 1a. Kz = 0.96
𝒛 = 𝑲𝒛 ∗ 𝒅 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟒𝟕 = 𝟏𝟒𝟏. 𝟏𝟐𝒎𝒎
𝑴𝑬𝑫 𝟏𝟒.𝟓𝟏∗𝟏𝟎𝟔
Thus, 𝑨𝒔𝒕,𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄 = = = 𝟐𝟗𝟓. 𝟔𝒎𝒎𝟐 /𝒎
𝒇𝒚𝒅 ∗𝒛 𝟑𝟒𝟕.𝟖𝟐∗𝟏𝟒𝟏.𝟏𝟐
 Continue…
The minimum and maximum value of area of
reinforcement is computed in accordance with the
provision of the code.
𝑨𝒔𝒕,𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 ∗ 𝑏𝑡 𝑑
0.26
= 𝑀𝑎𝑥 ൞ 𝑓𝑦𝑘 … 𝐸𝑆 𝐸𝑁 1992: 2015 𝐴𝑟𝑡. 9.2.1.1 1
0.0013𝑏𝑡 𝑑
from the table 3.1 of 𝐸𝑆 𝐸𝑁 1992: 2015 𝐴𝑟𝑡. 3.1.3
for c25 concrete; fctm =2.2mpa
 𝑨𝒔𝒕,𝒎𝒊𝒏 =
𝟐.𝟐𝑴𝒑𝒂∗𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎∗𝟏𝟒𝟕𝒎𝒎
𝟎. 𝟐𝟔 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝒎𝒎𝟐 /𝒎
𝑴𝒂𝒙 ቐ 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝑴𝒑𝒂
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 ∗ 𝟏𝟒𝟕𝒎𝒎 = 𝟏𝟗𝟏. 𝟏𝒎𝒎𝟐 /𝒎
 Continue…
𝐴𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 210.21𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚
𝐴𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04𝐴𝑐 … … . 𝐸𝑆 𝐸𝑁 1992: 2015 𝐴𝑟𝑡. 9.2.1.1(3)
𝐴𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04𝐴𝑐 = 0.04 ∗ 1000𝑚𝑚 ∗ 180𝑚𝑚
= 7200𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚
𝐴𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 210.21𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚 ≤ 𝐴𝑠𝑡,𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐 = 295.60𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚
⇒ 𝐴𝑠𝑡,𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐 ≤ 𝐴𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 7200𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚
---------ok!
Now determine the spacing of Φ12mm reinforcement bars
by taking;
𝐴𝑠𝑡,𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐 = 295.60𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚
𝜋∗𝛷2 𝜋∗122
And 𝑎𝑠 = = = 113.09𝑚𝑚2
4 4
 Continue…
Within 1m strip width  As,cal. =295.6
𝑺𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄 …?  area due to one bar =113.09
𝒃∗𝒂𝒔 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎∗𝟏𝟏𝟑.𝟎𝟗
 𝑺𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄 = = = 𝟑𝟖𝟐. 𝟓𝟕𝟖𝒎𝒎
𝑨𝒔𝒕,𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄 𝟐𝟗𝟓.𝟔𝟎
 Forslab maximum spacing defined in Section
9.3.1.1(3) of ES EN 1992-2015:1-1
𝟑 ∗ 𝒉 = 𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟖𝟎 = 𝟓𝟒𝟎𝒎𝒎
 𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒙,𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒃𝒔 = 𝑴𝒊𝒏 ቊ
𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎
 𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒙,𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒃𝒔 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎

 Since 𝑺𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄 = 𝟑𝟖𝟐. 𝟎𝟑 < 𝑺𝑴𝒂𝒙,𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒃𝒔 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎

 Provide principal reinforcement of

Φ12mm c/c 380mm.

for the x direction
𝑀𝑠𝑑,𝑠 22.17 ∗ 106
µ𝑠𝑑,𝑠 = 2
= 2
= 0.0774
𝑓𝑐𝑑 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑑 11.33 ∗ 1000 ∗ 159
µ𝒔𝒅,𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟕𝟒 <µus*=0.295 (for 0% moment
redistribution) design as singly reinforced section
Using µ𝑠𝑑,𝑠 = 0.0774 read Kz from the general
design chart No. 1a. Kz = 0.95
𝒛 = 𝑲𝒛 ∗ 𝒅 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟓𝟗 = 𝟏𝟓𝟏. 𝟎𝟓𝒎𝒎

𝑴𝑬𝑫 𝟐𝟐.𝟏𝟕∗𝟏𝟎𝟔
Thus, 𝑨𝒔𝒕,𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄 = = = 𝟒𝟐𝟏. 𝟗𝟖𝒎𝒎𝟐 /𝒎
𝒇𝒚𝒅 ∗𝒛 𝟑𝟒𝟕.𝟖𝟐∗𝟏𝟓𝟏.𝟎𝟓
 𝟐. 𝟐𝑴𝒑𝒂 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 ∗ 𝟏𝟓𝟗𝒎𝒎
𝟎. 𝟐𝟔 = 𝟐𝟐𝟕. 𝟑𝟕𝒎𝒎𝟐 /𝒎
𝑨𝒔𝒕,𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝑴𝒂𝒙 ൞ 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝑴𝒑𝒂
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 ∗ 𝟏𝟓𝟗𝒎𝒎 = 𝟐𝟎𝟔. 𝟕𝒎𝒎𝟐 /𝒎

using 12mm bar diameter;

with Iin1m strip width  As,cal. = 𝟒𝟐𝟏. 𝟗𝟖
𝑺𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄 …?  area due to one bar =113.09
𝒃 ∗ 𝒂𝒔 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟗
𝑺𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄 = = = 𝟐𝟔𝟕. 𝟗𝟗𝒎𝒎
𝑨𝒔𝒕,𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄 𝟒𝟐𝟏. 𝟗𝟖

Since 𝑺𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄 = 𝟐𝟔𝟕. 𝟗𝟗 < 𝑺𝑴𝒂𝒙,𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒃𝒔 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎

Provide principal reinforcement of
Φ12mm c/c 260mm.
for the –ve moment between panel 1 & panel 2
𝑴𝒔𝒅,𝒔 𝟏𝟖. 𝟗𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟔
µ𝒔𝒅,𝒔 = 𝟐
= 𝟐
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟔
𝒇𝒄𝒅 ∗ 𝒃 ∗ 𝒅 𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟓𝟗
µ𝒔𝒅,𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟔 <µus*=0.295 (for 0% moment
redistribution) design as singly reinforced section
Using µ𝑠𝑑,𝑠 = 0.066 read Kz from the general design
chart No. 1a. Kz = 0.967
𝒛 = 𝑲𝒛 ∗ 𝒅 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔𝟕 ∗ 𝟏𝟓𝟗 = 𝟏𝟓𝟑. 𝟕𝟓𝒎𝒎

𝑴𝑬𝑫 𝟏𝟖.𝟗𝟓∗𝟏𝟎𝟔
Thus, 𝑨𝒔𝒕,𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄 = = = 𝟑𝟓𝟒. 𝟑𝟓𝒎𝒎𝟐 /𝒎
𝒇𝒚𝒅 ∗𝒛 𝟑𝟒𝟕.𝟖𝟐∗𝟏𝟓𝟑.𝟕𝟓
 𝟐. 𝟐𝑴𝒑𝒂 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 ∗ 𝟏𝟓𝟗𝒎𝒎
𝟎. 𝟐𝟔 = 𝟐𝟐𝟕. 𝟑𝟕𝒎𝒎𝟐 /𝒎
𝑨𝒔𝒕,𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝑴𝒂𝒙 ൞ 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝑴𝒑𝒂
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 ∗ 𝟏𝟓𝟗𝒎𝒎 = 𝟐𝟎𝟔. 𝟕𝒎𝒎𝟐 /𝒎

using 12mm bar diameter;

with Iin1m strip width  As,cal. = 𝟑𝟓𝟒. 𝟑𝟓
𝑺𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄 …?  area due to one bar =113.09
𝒃 ∗ 𝒂𝒔 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟗
𝑺𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄 = = = 𝟑𝟏𝟗. 𝟏𝟓𝒎𝒎
𝑨𝒔𝒕,𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄 𝟑𝟓𝟒. 𝟑𝟓

Since 𝑺𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄 = 𝟑𝟏𝟗. 𝟏𝟓 < 𝑺𝑴𝒂𝒙,𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒃𝒔 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎

Provide principal reinforcement of
Φ12mm c/c 300mm.
 check the deflection requirement:
check first ρ >, < 𝑜𝑟 = 𝜌𝑜
where 𝜌𝑜 = 20^0.5/1000 = 0.0045
𝐴𝑠 506.6
ρ= = = 0.0028
𝑏𝑑 1000 ∗ 180
ρ = 0.0028 < 0.0045,use the following formula;

Structural system Correction factor, k

Two way spanning slab 1.13
continuous over one long side
for two way spanning slabs, the check should be
carried out on the basis of the shorter span
therefore span length for checking is 4000mm
𝑙 4000
ρ= = = 1.13 ∗ 11 + 10.78 + 6.77 = 32.2615
𝑑 𝑑
= =>>required depth d =123.98mm < 180mm-----ok!
For shear design:
It is not usual for a slab to contain shear
reinforcement, therefore it is only necessary to
ensure that the concrete shear stress capacity
without shear reinforcement VRd,c is more than
applied stress (VEd = VEd /(bd ))
 Load transferring …

Panel-1 Panel-2 Panel-3 Panel-4

𝐿𝑥 =5 𝐿𝑦 = 7 𝐿𝑥 = 4 𝐿𝑦 = 5 𝐿𝑥 = 6 𝐿𝑦 = 7 𝐿𝑥 = 4 𝐿𝑦 = 6
1.4 1.25 1.17 1.5
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛. 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜. 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛. 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜. 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛. 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜. 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛. 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜.
0.52 0.4 0.34 0.26 0.49 0.4 0.32 0.26 0.46 0.4 0.31 0.26 0.54 0.4 0.35 0.26

Vx Vy Vx Vy Vx Vy Vx Vy Vx Vy Vx Vy Vx Vy Vx Vy
41.9 32.3 27.4 21 31.6 25.8 20.6 16.7 44.5 38.7 30 25 34.8 25.8 22.6 16.8
Panel Msd d As,cal Scal Sprov
The spacing Along X-Direction
S1 14.53 147 295.6 382.578 Φ12mm c/c 380mm

S2 9.29 147 185.78<210.21 537.99>400 Φ12mm c/c 400mm

S3 20.9 147 430.28 258.76 Φ12mm c/c 260mm

S4 9.29 147 185.78<210.21 537.99>400 Φ12mm c/c 400mm

S1 & S2 18.95 159 357.49 319.15 Φ12mm c/c 300mm

S3 & S4 24.7 159 475.14 238 Φ12mm c/c 230mm

The spacing Along Y-Direction

S1 22.21 159 418.32 267.99 Φ12mm c/c 260mm

S2 12.64 159 232.96 485.45>400 Φ12mm c/c 400mm

S3 26.7 159 506.6 223.23 Φ12mm c/c 220mm

S4 15.22 159 286.08 395.3 Φ12mm c/c 390mm

S1 & S3 35.46 159 688.48 164.26 Φ12mm c/c 160mm

S2 & S4 12.13 159 224.04<227.37 497.38>400 Φ12mm c/c 400mm

 Continue…

150mm 150mm
5m/3 F12 c/c 300 5m/3
7m/3

F12 c/c 400

F12 c/c 260
F12 c/c 380 4m/3

F12 c/c 400

150mm F12 c/c 400 150mm

F12 c/c 160

F12 c/c 400

F12 c/c 220

F12 c/c 230

7m/3
F12 c/c 260 4m/3
150mm
F12 c/c 390 150mm
6m/3 6m/3
150mm 150mm