Hydrodynamic calculation Butterfly valve (double disc)

Qair
α
Qmax
D

+MH +F x
Φ
+F y
+F

L
0.2D 0.5D
Ds

+F by +F bx

0.4D

Fig. 1 - Double-disc


Ds

LD

Fig. 2 - Double-disc

Values for calculation:

Valve diameter D
2000 mm

Length from the axis of rotation to the outer edge LD

240 mm

of the disc

c = 0.1575D c
315 mm

Max diameter of the disc seal Ds

1950 mm

Flow Qmax
10 m /s
3

Rated net head (max 6500m) h0

50 m

Gravitational acceleration g
9.81 m/s
2

The water temperature t

20 C°

Density ρ
998.4 kg/m
3
 Increasing pressure on water hammer ΔP
10 m

Aeration n
yes

Under-pressure behind the valve Patm

0 m

Air density ρair

1.3 kg/m
3

Closing time t
40 s

Pipe length behind valve L

20 m

Valve speed:
6 6
4 ⋅ 10 ⋅ Qmax 4 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 10
v0 = = = 3.2m/s
2 2
π ⋅ D π ⋅ 2000

Theoretical pressure in the valve at full opening:

2 2
v 3.2
0
Δh = ⋅ (ξ + 1) = ⋅ (0.216 + 1) = 0.6m
2g 2 ⋅ 9.81

Pressure parameter:

Δh 0.6
p = = = 0.013
h0 50

0 < p ≤ 1 → 0 < 0.013 ≤ 1

Does suit.

Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient

of of of of
Angle hydraulic hydraulic hydraulic hydraulic
from force on a force on a force on force on Hydraulic
open Flow disc in the disc in the body in the body in the torque
position coefficient axis x axis y axis x axis y coefficient

α KQ Kx Ky Kbx Kby Km

0 0.907 0.095 -0.001 0.131 0.001 0

 Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient
of of of of
Angle hydraulic hydraulic hydraulic hydraulic
from force on a force on a force on force on Hydraulic
open Flow disc in the disc in the body in the body in the torque
position coefficient axis x axis y axis x axis y coefficient

α KQ Kx Ky Kbx Kby Km

5 0.872 0.131 0.333 0.168 0.251 0.042

10 0.782 0.221 0.631 0.248 0.426 0.071

15 0.627 0.342 0.886 0.363 0.562 0.1

20 0.546 0.441 0.979 0.449 0.552 0.104

25 0.458 0.552 0.99 0.55 0.53 0.085

30 0.4 0.622 0.923 0.612 0.487 0.073

35 0.362 0.706 0.878 0.687 0.443 0.065

40 0.315 0.782 0.857 0.753 0.398 0.054

45 0.251 0.832 0.821 0.802 0.321 0.046

50 0.207 0.878 0.754 0.842 0.262 0.042

55 0.178 0.913 0.656 0.872 0.198 0.032

60 0.153 0.938 0.51 0.896 0.146 0.03

65 0.125 0.962 0.435 0.924 0.111 0.027

70 0.11 0.987 0.362 0.953 0.071 0.024

75 0.085 1.002 0.28 0.967 0.032 0.018

80 0.058 1.01 0.172 0.982 0.008 0.012

85 0.03 1.01 0.068 0.993 0 0.005

90 0 1 0 1 0 0
 -●-K x [−]

-●-K y [−]

-●-K bx [−]

-●-K by [−]

α[°]

Fig. 3 - Coefficient of force

 -●-K Q [−]

α[°]

Fig. 4 - Flow coefficient

 -●-K m [−]

α[°]

Fig. 5 - Coefficient of hydraulic torque

Angle
Angle between Reduced free Flow of Water
from pipe axis and flow area in the water velocity
open Loss hydraulic throttle control Relative in the in
position coefficient force system flow pipeline pipeline

α ξ ϕ fr Qp Q v

3
° m /s m/s

0 0.216 -0.603 1 1 10 3.183

5 0.315 68.526 0.961 0.999 9.995 3.181

10 0.635 70.698 0.862 0.998 9.978 3.176

15 1.544 68.893 0.691 0.993 9.932 3.161

 Angle
Angle between Reduced free Flow of Water
from pipe axis and flow area in the water velocity
open Loss hydraulic throttle control Relative in the in
position coefficient force system flow pipeline pipeline

α ξ ϕ fr Qp Q v

3
° m /s m/s

20 2.354 65.75 0.602 0.989 9.891 3.149

25 3.767 60.857 0.505 0.982 9.821 3.126

30 5.25 56.024 0.441 0.975 9.75 3.103

35 6.631 51.197 0.399 0.968 9.684 3.083

40 9.078 47.62 0.347 0.957 9.572 3.047

45 14.873 44.619 0.277 0.932 9.319 2.966

50 22.338 40.655 0.228 0.902 9.022 2.872

55 30.562 35.698 0.196 0.873 8.726 2.777

60 41.719 28.533 0.169 0.837 8.366 2.663

65 63 24.332 0.138 0.779 7.789 2.479

70 81.645 20.141 0.121 0.737 7.37 2.346

75 137.408 15.613 0.094 0.643 6.432 2.047

80 296.265 9.665 0.064 0.496 4.964 1.58

85 1110.111 3.852 0.033 0.283 2.833 0.902

90 999999999999 0 0 0 0 0
 -●-ξ[−]

α[°]

Fig. 6 - Loss coefficient

2
1 − K
Q
ξ =
2
K
Q
 -●-ϕ[−]

α[°]

Fig. 7 - Angle between pipe axis and hydraulic force

Ky 180
−1
ϕ = tan ⋅
Kx π
 -●-f r [−]

-●-Q p [−]

α[°]

Fig. 8 - Coefficients

KQ
fr =
KQmax

fr
Qp =
2
√p + f (1 − p)
r
 -●-Q[m 3
/s]

-●-v[m/s]

α[°]

Fig. 9 - Flow and speed of water in the pipeline

Q = Qp ⋅ Qmax

6
4Q ⋅ 10
v =
2
π ⋅ D

Angle from open Loss of pressure on the Pressure on the Cavitation

position valve valve number

α HL Hv σ

° m m

0 0.111 0.628 95.243

5 0.163 0.684 87.387

10 0.327 0.862 69.076

Angle from open Loss of pressure on the Pressure on the Cavitation
position valve valve number

α HL Hv σ

° m m

15 0.786 1.364 43.347

20 1.19 1.803 32.554

25 1.877 2.553 22.725

30 2.577 3.318 17.275

35 3.212 4.012 14.131

40 4.295 5.197 10.7

45 6.671 7.8 6.824

50 9.39 10.788 4.682

55 12.016 13.684 3.499

60 15.08 17.075 2.625

65 19.736 22.261 1.804

70 22.902 25.812 1.433

75 29.359 33.14 0.922

80 37.705 42.868 0.518

85 45.997 53.206 0.261

90 50 60 0.165
 -●-H L [m]

-●-H v [m]

α[°]

Fig. 10 - Loss of height on valve and pressure height on Butterfly valve

2
v
HL = ξ
2g

2
v
Hv = HL + + (1 − Qp ) ⋅ (ΔP + Patm )
2g
 -●-σ[−]

α[°]

Fig. 11 - Cavitation number

10 − 0.1 + h0 − HL
σ =
Hv

The force at The force at

Angle from Forces on Forces on Forces the valve axis the valve axis
open position disc in axis x disc in axis y on disc x y

α Fx Fy F Fbx Fby

° kN kN kN kN kN

0 1.744 -0.018 1.744 2.53 0.019

5 2.619 6.658 7.155 3.534 5.28

10 5.575 15.918 16.866 6.581 11.305

15 13.642 35.342 37.884 15.232 23.582

 The force at The force at
Angle from Forces on Forces on Forces the valve axis the valve axis
open position disc in axis x disc in axis y on disc x y

α Fx Fy F Fbx Fby

° kN kN kN kN kN

20 23.264 51.645 56.643 24.916 30.632

25 41.226 73.938 84.655 43.21 41.639

30 60.373 89.589 108.033 62.488 49.725

35 82.843 103.026 132.201 84.8 54.682

40 118.865 130.265 176.346 120.402 63.639

45 189.819 187.309 266.676 192.478 77.039

50 277.062 237.933 365.206 279.503 86.971

55 365.438 262.571 449.987 367.155 83.368

60 468.49 254.723 533.261 470.757 76.708

65 626.397 283.246 687.46 632.903 76.031

70 745.204 273.317 793.745 756.905 56.391

75 971.312 271.425 1008.523 986.071 32.631

80 1266.452 215.673 1284.685 1295.298 10.552

85 1571.864 105.828 1575.423 1625.675 0.196

90 1755.025 0 1755.025 1846.18 0

 -●-F x [kN]

-●-F y [kN]

-●-F [kN]

α[°]

Fig. 12 - Forces on the disc

2
πDs
Fx = ⋅ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ Hv ⋅ K x
9
4 ⋅ 10

2
πDs
Fy = ⋅ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ Hv ⋅ K y
9
4 ⋅ 10

2 2
F = √Fx + Fy
 -●-F bx [kN]

α[°]

Fig. 13 - Forces on the body x

2
πD
Fbx = ⋅ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ Hv ⋅ Kbx
9
4 ⋅ 10
 -●-F by [kN]

α[°]

Fig. 14 - Forces on the body y

2
πD
Fby = ⋅ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ Hv ⋅ Kby
9
4 ⋅ 10

Angle Hydraulic Force Force Moment from the

from torque parallel to perpendicular axis of the trunnion
open without the axis of to the axis of to the axis of the Hydraulic
position eccentricity the disc the disc disc torque

α M Fe1 Fe2 MLD MH

° kNm kN kN kNm kNm

0 0.003 1.744 -0.018 0 0.003

5 2.085 2.029 6.861 0 2.085

10 4.447 2.726 16.644 0 4.447

 Angle Hydraulic Force Force Moment from the
from torque parallel to perpendicular axis of the trunnion
open without the axis of to the axis of to the axis of the Hydraulic
position eccentricity the disc the disc disc torque

α M Fe1 Fe2 MLD MH

° kNm kN kN kNm kNm

15 9.904 4.03 37.669 0 9.904

20 13.621 4.197 56.487 0 13.621

25 15.762 6.116 84.434 0 15.762

30 17.592 7.49 107.773 0 17.592

35 18.937 8.768 131.91 0 18.937

40 20.379 7.323 176.194 0 20.379

45 26.057 1.775 266.67 0 26.057

50 32.906 -4.175 365.182 0 32.906

55 31.801 -5.479 449.954 0 31.801

60 37.202 13.649 533.086 0 37.202

65 43.65 8.019 687.413 0 43.65

70 44.99 -1.959 793.742 0 44.99

75 43.322 -10.782 1008.465 0 43.322

80 37.359 7.521 1284.663 0 37.359

85 19.32 31.571 1575.106 0 19.32

90 0 0 1755.025 0 0
 -●-M [kNm]

-●-M LD [kNm]

α[°]

Fig. 15 - Torque of the disc

3
D s ⋅ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ H v ⋅ Km
M =
12
10

−Fe1 ⋅ 0.12D + Fe1 ⋅ LD

MLD =
3
10
 -●-F e1 [kN]

α[°]

Fig. 16 - Force on the disc F e1

π
Fe1 = F sin ((90 − α − ϕ) )
180
 -●-F e2 [kN]

α[°]

Fig. 17 - Force on the disc F e2

π
Fe2 = F cos ((90 − α − ϕ) )
180
 -●-M H [kNm]

α[°]

Fig. 18 - Hydraulic torque

MH = M + MLD

Effective closing time factor:

1
cef = min [ lim ] = 0.224
α→80 9 [Qpα − Qpα+10 ]

Pressure behind the valve:

L ⋅ v0 ⋅ ρ 20 ⋅ 3.2 ⋅ 998.4
5 5
P2 = min { ; 1 ⋅ 10 } = min { ; 1 ⋅ 10 } = 7093.8Pa
t ⋅ cef 40 ⋅ 0.224

Angle from open Coefficient of under-pressure Relative Flow of water in Air

position of aerated hole flow the pipeline flow

α f2 Qp Q Qair

3 3
° m /s m /s
Angle from open Coefficient of under-pressure Relative Flow of water in Air
position of aerated hole flow the pipeline flow

α f2 Qp Q Qair

3 3
° m /s m /s

15 4.704 0.993 9.932 1.986

25 9.149 0.982 9.821 1.964

40 31.716 0.957 9.572 1.914

60 81.337 0.837 8.366 1.673

90 0 0 0 0
 -●-Q air [m
3
/s]

α[°]

Fig. 19 - Air flow

P2 < 50000 → Qair = 0.2Q

P2 ≥ 50000 → Qair = max[Qmax − Q; 0.2Q]

The flow area of

Angle from Under-pressure in Air The flow area of the aerated
open position the aerated pipeline velocity the aerated hole pipeline

α P2air vair fair fair−pipe

2 2
° Pa m/s m m

15 2440.682 42.894 0.046 0.046

25 4676.868 59.377 0.033 0.039

40 15285.145 107.344 0.018 0.038

60 30512.766 151.664 0.011 0.033

 The flow area of
Angle from Under-pressure in Air The flow area of the aerated
open position the aerated pipeline velocity the aerated hole pipeline

α P2air vair fair fair−pipe

2 2
° Pa m/s m m

90 7093.693 73.127 0 0
 -●-P 2air [Pa]

α[°]

Fig. 20 - Under-pressure in the aerated pipeline

2
v L ⋅ v0 ⋅ ρ
5 5
P2air = min {1 ⋅ 10 ; f2 ⋅ ⋅ ρ + (1 − Qp ) ⋅ min { ; 1 ⋅ 10 }}
2 ⋅ g t ⋅ cef
 -●-v air [m/s]

α[°]

Fig. 21 - Air velocity

2 ⋅ P2air
vair = min {0.7 ⋅ √ ; 250}
ρair
 -●-f air [m
2
]

α[°]

Fig. 22 - The flow area of the aerated hole

Qair
fair =
vair
 -●-f air−pipe [m
2
]

α[°]

Fig. 23 - The flow area of the aerated pipeline

Qair
vair > 50 → fair−pipe =
50

vair ≤ 50 → fair−pipe = fair