The following information may be useful. The symbols have their usual meaning.

Maklumat berikut mungkin berfaedah. Simbol-simbol mempunyai makna yang biasa.

v−u
a=
1. t
2 2
2. v =u + 2 as
1
s=ut + at 2
3. 2
4. Momentum, p = mv
5. F=ma
mv−mu mv−mu
F= F=
6. Daya Impuls, t / Impulsive force , t
Gm 1 m 2 Gm 1 m 2
F= F=
7. Daya graviti, r2 / Gravitational force, r2

8. Pecutan graviti, / Gravitational acceleration,

2
mv mv2
F= F=
9. Daya memusat, r / Centripetal force, r
2 3 2 3
4π r 4π r
m= 2
m=
10. Jisim bumi, GT / Mass of Earth, GT 2

11. Laju linear satelit,

GM
v=
√
r / Linear speed of satellite,
v=
GM
r √
12. Halaju lepas,
v=
√ 2 GM
r / Escape velocity,
v=
2 GM
r √
13.
14. Haba, Q=mc Δθ / Heat, Q=mc Δθ
15. Haba, Q=mℓ / Heat, Q=mℓ
16. P1 V 1 =P 2 V 2
P1 P 2
=
17. T 1 T 2
V1 V 2
=
18. T 1 T 2
19. v =fλ
ax
λ=
20. D
21. n1 Sin θ1 =n2 Sin θ2
dalam nyata, H real depth, H
n= n=
22. dalam ketara, h / apparent depth, h
 1 1 1
= +
23. f u v
vhi h v
m= = m= i =
24. Pembesaran linear,
ho u / Linear magnification, ho u
1 1
Ek = mv 2 Ek = mv 2
25. Tenaga kinetik, 2 / Kinetic energy, 2
E =mgh / Gravitational potential energy, E p =mgh
26. Tenaga keupayaan graviti, p
1 1 1 1
E P= Fx= kx 2 E P= Fx= kx 2
27. Tenaga keupayaan kenyal, 2 2 / Elastic potential energy, 2 2
Tenaga , E Energy ,E
P= P=
28. Kuasa, masa , t / Power, time ,t
F F
P= P=
29. Tekanan, A / Pressure, A
30. Tekanan cecair, P=hρg / Liquid pressure, P=hρg

31. Cas, Q=It / Charge, Q=It

E E
V= V=
32. Beza keupayaan, Q / Potential difference, Q
33. Tenaga elektrik, , E=VIt / Electrical energy, E=VIt
V V
R= R=
34. Rintangan, I / Resistance, I
35. Kuasa, P=IV P=IV
/ Power,
36. Tenaga keupayaan elektrik, E=eV /Electric potential energy, E=eV
V S NS
=
37.
V P NP
ISV S ISV S
×100 % ×100 %
38. Kecekapan =
I P V P / Efficiency =
I P V P
2
39. E=mc
40. E=hf
h
λ=
41. p
nhc
P=nhf =
42. λ
1
hf =W + mv 2
43. 2
44.
W=hf o
45. g = 9.81 m s-1
46. Pemalar graviti, G = 6.67  10-11 N m2 kg-2/ Gravitational constant, G = 6.67  10-11 N m2 kg-2
−27
47. 1u=1 .66×10 kg
 −34
48. Pemalar Planck, h=6 .63×10 J s / Planck constant, h=6 .63×10−34 J s
−19
49. 1 eV =1 .60×10 J
8 -1
50. c=3 . 0×10 m s
51. Jisim matahari = / Mass of the sun =
52. Jisim bumi, / Mass of Earth,
53. Jejari bumi, / Radius of earth,