Nishant Detwal – 03

Sumeet Isamaliya –07

Nandini Patel- 24
Paras Sharma – 19
Chelsi Ramoliya -33
Aditya Rathod-36
Harsh Sheladiya-38
Mayank Rangani-35
Rushit Vekariya-44
Index :
▪ About Renaissance
▪ Movement/Practice before it
▪ Philosophy/characteristics
▪ Emergence
▪ Field of influences
▪ Vicinity of influence/Spread
▪ Important people
▪ Architectural renaissance
▪ Features/Elements
▪ Evolution
▪ Materials
▪ Comparison with other periods
▪ Building examples
- St Pietro( Peter’s basilica)
- Florence cathedral
-Piazza san Marco, Venice
About renaissance architecture:
▪ Renaissance architecture is the European architecture of
the period between the early 14th and early 16th centuries
in different regions, demonstrating a conscious revival and
development of certain elements of ancient Greek and
Roman thought and material culture.
▪ Renaissance architecture followed Gothic architecture and was
succeeded by Baroque architecture.

Spread of renaissance architecture:

▪ Romanesque -6th to late 10th Century
▪ Gothic -12th to 16th century
▪ Renaissance -14th to 17th century
▪ Developed first in Florence, with Filippo Brunelleschi as one
of its innovators, the Renaissance style quickly spread to other
Italian cities.
▪ The style was carried to Spain, France, Germany, England,
Russia and other parts of Europe at different dates and with
varying degrees of impact.
Ref- https://www.ancient.eu/Renaissance_Architecture/
▪ http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/architecture/renaissance.htm
Important people in
Renaissance
▪ Leonardo da Vinci
▪ Galileo Galilei
▪ Christopher Columbus
▪ Michelangelo
▪ Nicolaus Copernicus
▪ William Shakespeare
Leonardo da Vinci
• He was born in 1452, in the village of Vinci, outside the city of Florence. His
father was a wealthy lawyer, and his mother was a peasant woman.

• He decisively influenced artistic trends in his own time and the later
Renaissance. His interest in science and experiment inspired many
humanists to study the world and nature.
Galileo Galilei
• He often regarded as the founder of the science of physics. The values and
attitudes Galileo held were ones he shared with Italian humanists,
including philosophers, artisans, and even musicians.

• The concepts of velocity and acceleration lay at the heart of his reforms.
use the telescope seriously for astronomy and in doing so he discovered
the moons of Jupiter.
Christopher Columbus
• He was a famous explorer and navigator born in Italy.

• He had set out to sea to discover the route to Asia to trade, yet the three ships
that he led went off track and ended up in America known as the New World.
He marked the start of colonization. After him many other explorers sailed to
the Americas to find wealth and unknown land.
William Shakespeare
• He was an English playwright, poet, and actor, regarded as the greatest
writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist.

• Shakespeare updated the simplistic, two-dimensional writing style of pre-

Renaissance drama. He focused on creating human characters with
psychological complexity.
Michelangelo
• He was the best painter and sculptor of the Italian Renaissance. He brought
realism into art and challenged the old way of thinking by showing people
that painting the human body was not a sin.

• He was an incredible painter, sculptor, architect, and poet, who gave us some
of the best masterpieces. He helped form the way that art is today and will be
in the future.
Nicolaus Copernicus
• He was a Renaissance polymath responsible for “Copernican Revolution.” His
contributions astronomy are remarkable. He placed the sun at the centre of the
universe. He said that Earth’s motions include rotation, revolution, and annual
tilting of the axis and distance between Earth & Sun is negligible compared to
that of Earth & stars.
Movement before renaissance:
• The most significant changes that emerged as a result of the Renaissance can be seen in European
architecture, art, literature, mathematics, music, philosophy, politics, religion and science.
• This created an environment of discovery and curiosity in which new ideas were constantly being
introduced and tested. With that said, the term ‘renaissance’ in French means ‘rebirth’.
• This is in relation to the idea that the intellectual culture of the Renaissance was sparked by the
rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman philosophy which had largely been ignored in Europe
throughout the Middle Ages.
• The period of time that came before the Renaissance in Europe is called the Middle Ages or
Medieval Period.
• It lasted for approximately 1000 years from the 5th century to the 15th century. [The Early, High
and Late Middle Ages.]

• The Early Middle Ages began in the 5th century during the decline of the Roman Empire.

• Europe at the time was ruled by many different kingdoms and did not have large unified countries
such as those in modern times.
• The Byzantine Empire (or Eastern Roman Empire) remained in the
eastern sections of Europe and parts of the Middle East and was
formed at the end of the 4th century, when the Western Roman
Empire collapsed.
• The High Middle Ages began at the start of the 11th century and
included some of the most prominent events and elements of the
whole Middle Ages. Investiture of a knight
(miniature from the statutes of
• For example, life in the High Middles Ages was characterized by the Order of the Knot, founded
religious faith in the Catholic Church and the social structure in 1352 by Louis I of Naples).
of feudalism.

Medieval French manuscript

illustration of the
three classes of medieval • Feudalism was a form of government common during
society: those who prayed medieval Europe that involved society being structured
(the clergy) those who fought
(the knights), and those who
in a very rigid and hierarchical way.
worked (the peasantry). The • The final period the Middle Ages is called the Late Middle
relationship between these Ages and is considered to have occurred from the start of
classes was governed the 14th century to the end of the 15th century.
by feudalism and manorialis
m. (13th century)
• The Late Middle Ages was a difficult time for most people
in Europe and the surrounding areas. This is due to the
spread of the bubonic plague that led to the events of On 25 December
the Black Death. 800,
Charlemagne was
• While the Black Death was a horrific event that caused crowned emperor
widespread death there were also several major by Pope Leo
developments during the time period of the Late Middle III. Coronation of
Ages. First, the Age of Exploration (or Age of Discovery) Charlemagne,
Grandes
began at the end of the Late Middle Ages. Chroniques de
• The time before the Renaissance in Europe is referred to as France
the Middle Ages. Life during this time was dominated by
religious faith, the Catholic Church, feudalism, the
crusades, and the Black Death.
• The Renaissance was important because it was
fundamentally concerned with challenging the worldview
of Europeans at the time and led to many drastic changes
in architecture, art, literature, mathematics, music,
philosophy, politics, religion and science.

The plague of Florence in 1348.

Renaissance’s fields of influence
• In the traditional view, the Renaissance affected every area of human activity and knowledge, from art to
zoology. It transformed Europe and, eventually, the rest of the world.

Education and History.

• Renaissance humanists created a school curriculum based on classical languages and literature. This system
dominated European education for centuries.
• Students seeking to enter universities had to know Greek and Latin, and the classics were a key part of their
studies.
• Before the Renaissance, some people had thought of history as shaped by divine forces. By contrast, the
humanists viewed history as a fully human activity.
• They also began to distinguish different ways of writing about history: as an art, like literature; as a way of
teaching a moral or political lesson; or as a scientific quest for truth. The notion of history writing as a
technical discipline based on facts began with the Renaissance historians.

Art and Science.

• The art and architecture of the Renaissance had a lasting influence on later centuries. Masterpieces by
Michelangelo, Leonardo, Raphael, and other Renaissance masters became standards of greatness. In addition,
later artists continued trends begun during the Renaissance. The Renaissance also revived the classical idea
of portraits as realistic images of individuals, a move toward modern portraiture.
• Renaissance architects drew on classical models and, in turn,
were imitated by later designers.
• Andrea Palladio's writings and villas* have influenced many
structures built over the years. Examples in the United
States include the White House and Monticello, the home
of Thomas Jefferson.
• Science advanced when Renaissance humanists discovered and
spread ancient works on mathematics, medicine, and other
topics. Lorsch Gospels.
• Certain important scientific ideas took root during the Ivory book cover.
Late Antiquity
Renaissance, including the value of precise measurement, the Imperial scenes
notion that the universe is mathematically harmonious, and adapted to a
the belief that technological progress is possible. Christian theme.
• These ideas laid the foundation for modern science. In Carolingian art
addition, medicine was revolutionized in the Renaissance by
two new practices: an emphasis on the study of anatomy and
teaching medical students through direct observation of
patients. Both of these elements remain important to medical
training today.

The Romanesque Church

of Maria Laach, Germany
Popular Imagination and Culture.
• The general public draws ideas and images of the Renaissance from school, museums, books, television,
and movies.
• Major Renaissance figures, such as Michelangelo
and William Shakespeare, are familiar to people all
over the world, and the term "Renaissance" has entered
the common vocabulary.
• Because the Renaissance produced individuals with a
wide range interests who excelled in a number of
different areas, someone who is accomplished and
successful in several fields is often called a
"Renaissance man" or "Renaissance woman."
Shakespeare has had more influence in the popular
imagination than any other Renaissance figure.
• Schools and universities teach his plays, which are
performed more often than any other English plays.
Phrases from his works, such as "To be or not to be,"
have become part of everyday language. Many of Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; the work
took approximately four years to complete (1508–1512)
Shakespeare's plays have been filmed and or made into
operas.
 Characteristics
▪ Renaissance architecture established the ideal proportions of a building based on those of a idealized human.
body.
▪ Renaissance style places emphasis on symmetry, proportion, geometry and the regularity of parts.
▪ Orderly arrangements of columns, pilasters and lintels, as well as the use of semicircular arches,
hemispherical domes, niches and aediculae replaced the more complex proportional systems and irregular
profiles of medieval buildings.
Plan:
▪ Square, symmetrical appearance in which proportions are
usually based on a module. Within a church, the module is
often the width of an aisle.
▪ The development of the plan in secular architecture was to
take place in the 16th century and culminated with the work
of Palladio.
Facade:
▪ Facades are symmetrical around their vertical axis.
▪ The columns and windows show a progression towards
the centre.
▪ There is a regular repetition of openings on each floor,
and the centrally placed door is marked by a feature such
as a balcony, or rusticated surround.
Ref-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_architecture
 Columns and pilasters
▪ Roman and Greek orders of columns are used: Tuscan, Doric,
Ionic, Corinthian and Composite.
▪ The orders can either be structural, supporting an arcade or
architrave, or purely decorative, set against a wall in the
form of pilasters.

Arches
▪ Arches are semi-circular or segmental.
▪ Arches are often used in arcades, supported on piers or
columns with capitals.

Vaults
▪ Vaults do not have ribs.
▪ They are semi-circular or segmental and on a square plan,
unlike the Gothic vault which is frequently rectangular.

Ref - https://www.ancient.eu/Renaissance_Architecture/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_architecture
 Ceilings
▪ Roofs are fitted with flat or coffered ceilings.
▪ They are not left open as in Medieval architecture.
▪ They are frequently painted or decorated.

Doors
▪ Doors usually have square lintels.
▪ They may be set with in an arch or surmounted by
a triangular or segmental pediment.

Windows
▪ Windows may be paired and set within a semi-circular
arch.
▪ They may have square lintels and triangular or
segmental pediments.

Ref - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_architecture
 Walls
▪ External walls are generally constructed of brick, rendered, or faced
with stone in highly finished ashlar masonry, laid in straight courses.
▪ The corners of buildings are often emphasized by rusticated quoins.
▪ Internal walls are smoothly plastered and surfaced with lime
wash.

Details
▪ Courses, mouldings and all decorative details are carved with great
precision.
▪ Studying and mastering the details of the ancient Romans was one
of the important aspects of Renaissance theory.
▪ The different orders each required different sets of details.
▪ Sculptured figures may be set in niches or placed on plinths.
▪ They are not integral to the building as in Medieval architecture

Ref - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_architecture
 Salient Features:
▪ Simplicity
▪ Proportion
▪ Balance
▪ Symmetry
▪ Harmony
▪ Use of classical orders
▪ Mathematically precise ratios of
height and width

Architectural material:
▪ Italian renaissance construction used materials like :
-Stone
-Marble
-Terracotta tile
-Stucco (a mortar mixture )
-Used watermills to saw timber and convert trees to planks.

Ref-https://www.2030district.org/the-main-features-of-renaissance-architecture
COMPARING ARCHITECTURAL STYLES :
Florence Cathedral
▪ Florence cathedral or "cathedral of saint Mary of the
flower is the cathedral of Florence in central Italy.
▪ The cathedral is built in a fusion of Italian gothic,
renaissance and gothic revival architectural style.
▪ The cathedral campus It also includes a baptistery and a
bell tower.
▪ It’s a UNESCO world heritage site
▪ Dome if the cathedral is the largest brick dome in the
world.
▪ Cathedral is the mother of all the catholic churches in
Rome.
▪ It was built under architectural practices of architects like
Arnolfo di Cambio, Filippo Brunelleschi and Emilio de
Fabris.
 ▪ Original cathedral was dedicated to St. Reparata in 5th
century and undergone many repairs till it couldn’t
accommodate the rising population of city.
▪ New church was commissioned in 1294 to Arnolfo di
Cambio.
▪ He designed three wide naves ending under the
octagonal dome, with the middle nave covering the
area of St. Reparata.
▪ In 1349, work continued under a series of architects.
▪ Francesco Talenti finished the campanile and enlarged
Santa Reparata the overall project to include the apse and the side
chapels.
II Progetto di Arnolfo di Cambio
▪ 1359 Giovanni di lapo ghini took over as architect and
Ingrandimenti di Francesco Talenti divided central nave into 4 bays
▪ 1375 old church was demolished and main nave got
built by 1380 but dome was still not built.
▪ In 1418 competition was held to construct dome and Filippo
Brunelleschi won it
▪ In 1420 work on the dome was started and it was completed in
1436
▪ The outer facade was designed by Emilio de fabris and was
completed in 1887.
Important elements of
Florence Cathedral
▪ Dome
▪ Façade
▪ Giotto’s bell tower
▪ Baptistery
▪ Crypt
Dome
▪ Its known as Filippo Brunelleschi's dome. When it was designed, it was
the largest dome in the world. This immediately created problems as
its size prevented the traditional method of construction.
▪ The dome is over 1300 feet wide, almost the size of the roman
pantheon.
▪ The height from the floor up to the lantern on top of the dome is about
375 feet
▪ Reinforcement was reduced to
avoid additional reinforcements
to the existing walls of the
cathedral.
▪ The exterior bricks were placed
using a herringbone pattern,
which the designer ordered to
remain visible.
Façade

▪ Original façade was

made in 15th century,
but was dismantled in
as it appeared totally
outmoded in
Renaissance times.
▪ The façade was then
left bare until the 19th
century.
▪ Emilio de fabris designed the new façade in1871. And it
was completed in1887. This neo-gothic façade in white,
green and red marble forms a harmonious entity with
the cathedral.
▪ The whole façade is dedicated to the mother of Christ.
Giotto’s Bell Tower
▪ Giotto’s bell tower is a free-
standing campanile that is part of the
Florence cathedral complex.
▪ The tower is one of the showpieces of
Florentine Gothic architecture with its
design by Giotto, its rich sculptural
decorations and
its polychrome marble encrustations. City’s view from top of the tower

▪ The slender structure is square in plan with 14.45 meter sides. It is 84.7
meters tall and has polygonal buttresses at each corner. The tower is
divided into five stages.
▪ Its facade made of red, white and green marble inlay.
▪ The sculpted decorations on the outside of the tower are extremely rich in
detail.
▪ The sculptures are in the form of a
hexagon or a rhombus or diamond
shape with bas relief carvings and
life size statues.
Baptistery
▪ The baptistery is one of the oldest buildings in the city,
constructed between 1059 and 1128 in the Florentine
Romanesque style. The Baptistery has eight equal sides
with a rectangular addition on the west side.
▪ The sides, originally constructed in sandstone, are clad
in geometrically patterned, colored marble, white
Carrara with green Prato marble inlay, reworked in
Romanesque style between 1059 and 1128.
▪ The design work on the sides is arranged in groupings
of three, starting with three distinct horizontal
sections.
▪ It was once believed that the Baptistery was originally
a Roman temple dedicated to Mars.
Crypt
▪ The crypt under the cathedral
has remains of roman houses,
an early Christian pavement,
ruins of the former cathedral
of Santa reparata and
successive enlargements of
this church.
▪ Close to the entrance, in the
part of the crypt open to the
public, is the tomb of
Brunelleschi, who designed
the dome. While its location is
prominent, the actual tomb is
simple and humble.
Detailed construction process
of the dome
 Brunelleschi’s
dome

Giotto’s bell
tower

Baptistery
 Apse and side chapels
Inner surface of
dome is painted.
The painting is
called
the last judgement

Giotto’s bell tower

One broad central nave and
two aisles on both of its sides
St peters basilica

▪ St peter basilica is a catholic church located on the

bank of Tiber river in Vatican city, within Rome city.
▪ Its was built in fusion of Renaissance & Baroque
architectural style and is a UNESCO world heritage site.
▪ Its construction process in stages spanning several
centuries and being the workplace for several
architects like Donato Bramante, Antonio da Sangallo
the younger, Michelangelo, Giacomo barozi davignola,
Giacomo Della porta, Carlo Maderno, Gian Lorenzo
Bernini and Carlo Fontana.
▪ Its the largest church in the world as well as the holiest
building among all the catholic shrines.
▪ Its the burial place of St. Peter, the 1st pope and chief of
Jesus's apostles.
▪ Old St. Peters basilica was made by Constantine the great in 4th century AD. It had a tau cross shape and was
of typical basilical form
▪ Entrance was a large colonnaded atrium from east. There was a wide nave and two aisles on each side of it
and an apsidal end succeeded by a bema to the west.
▪ The site was the burial place of St. Peters and many other popes, till 15th century.
▪ Current building was made between 18 April 1506 and 18 November 1626.
 ▪ Current building was envisioned and
commissioned in 15th century by the
Pope.
▪ Leone Battista Alberti and Barnardo
Rossellini began work on the extensive
modification of the old basilica but in
1505 the pope ordered reconstruction,
till then foundations, and domed cross
form was built preserving the aisles
and nave.
▪ Many architects took part in
Leone Battista Alberti’s competition
and Barnardo Rossellini’s
▪ Design of Donatio Barnate was
design
selected plan
▪ Its construction began in 1506
 Transept
▪ The plan had a huge Greek cross with a domed spire like
pantheon.
Apse ▪ Overall plan had an approximate square form.
▪ Pantheon's dome was supported by continuous walls,
here dome supported by 4 huge piers.
▪ Lantern at the top of dome, like Florence cathedral.
▪ Barmanate had four lower domes at the diagonal axes.
▪ Equal chancel, nave and transept arms each to be of two
bays ending in an apse.
▪ Each corner had a tower and apses had 2 radial
buttresses towards dome.
ambulatory
▪ In 1514 Raphael was assigned the architect’s
job.
▪ He had added nave of five bays, with a row of
complex apsidal chapels off the aisles on
either side.
Bays ▪ He reduced sizes of towers and made plan
rectangular form.
▪ All 3 apses were encircled with semi-circular
ambulatory.
Apses ▪ Peruzzi was made architect of the
scheme in 1520.
▪ Maintained raphel’s changes to 3
internal apses.
▪ Reverted the Greek cross plan
Barmanate’s ▪ 1536 Antonio da Sangallo the younger was
piers made architect.
▪ He incorporated all changes envisioned by
previous architects.
▪ He introduces short nave in the facade, portico
of dynamic projection.
Portico
▪ He preposed more elaborated dome with ribbed
exterior and surmounted by large lantern.
▪ He also strengthened barmanate’s piers.
Barmanate’s
piers ▪ 1547 Michelangelo was made building superintendent.
▪ Designed large part of the present building.
▪ He maintained the Greek cross plan form where four
central piers were been constructed behind nave of old
basilica.
▪ He reverted to barmanate's vison and referred the single
shell concrete dome of pantheon.
▪ He blurred the basic shapes by inserting square and semi
circular projections in the plan.
 ▪ Sangallo also preposed adding
circlet finials around the spire
but t was rejected as ground
couldn't bear the load.
▪ Dome was completed in 1590.
▪ 1602 Carlo Maderno became the architect of the project.
▪ In 1606 old basilica was demolished and its materials were
used in new basilica.
Expanded
bays ▪ Current nave was extended by Carlo Maderno in 1607.
▪ The new facade construction was commenced in 1067 &
concluded in 1614.
▪ Nave was opened & extension was merged to the main
building.
 Porta Santa : A Holy Door
• an entrance portal
located within the St
peter’s basilica. They
are ceremoniously
opened
during Jubilee years
designated by the Pope.

Main
atrium /
versibule
Façade entry
90ft tall columns
Aspeces

Barrel vaulted
central nave

Baptistary
St. Peter's Baldachin is a
Thick column supporting
large Baroque sculpted
the dome. Has been the
bronze canopy, called
part of every evolving
a ciborium or baldachin. It
plan
is at the center of the
crossing, and directly
under the dome of the
basilica. Designed by the
Italian artist Gian Lorenzo
Bernini
• Dome has undergone
several changes in
many designs of
different architects.
• Inspiration was the
concrete dome of
pantheon.
• The current dome was
designed by
Michelangelo.
• The dome is supported
on four heavy piers,
instead of a continuous
wall in pantheon.
• It has 16 external ribs
and a lantern at the top.
• It’s the largest dome in
the world with
diameter of 42m.
St. Peter’s Piazza
St. Peter’s Piazza

▪ The present piazza constructed between 1656 and 1667, is the Baroque inspiration of Bernini who
inherited a location already occupied by an Egyptian obelisk.
▪ The piazza id divided in two parts and acts as the main approach to the St. Peter’s Basilica.
▪ In the Piazza the first space is oval and the second trapezoidal.
▪ The oval has colonnades on two arcs and wraps around the space.
▪ The trapezoidal part maximizes the apparent width of the façade and frames the perspective view.
• At the center of the • Designed by • Series of Tuscan order columns forming the
square is an 25.31m Maderno. colonnade, wrapping around the piazza.
high ancient • Maderno's fountain • There are doubled pairs of columns
Egyptian obelisk mark the widest supporting an entablature.
erected at the axis of the ellipse.
current site in 1586.
Its known as “the
witness”.
Location :

• Location : Venice, italy.

• Nicknames : St Mark's Square in engllish

Italian pronunciation = pjattsa sam ˈmarko
Venetian = Piasa San Marco

• Construction start : 800-1100 AD

• Final changes : 1816 AD

• All other urban spaces in the city are called campi (fields). The Piazzetta
(little Piazza/Square) is an extension of the Piazza towards San Marco basin in its
south east corner. The two spaces together form the social, religious and political
centre of Venice and are commonly considered together.

• A remark usually attributed to Napoleon calls the Piazza San Marco "the
drawing room of Europe".
Zoning :
Piazza

• The square is dominated at its eastern end by St Mark's Basilica.

starting from the west front of the church and proceeding to the
right.

• The Piazzetta dei Leoncini is an open space on the north side of

the church named after the two marble lions.
• Beyond that is St Mark's Clocktower , completed in 1499, above a
Tower St high archway where the street known as the Merceria.
Nepolion
wing Piazza Mark's
Campanile • To the left is the long arcade along the north side of the piazza,
. the buildings on this side are known as the procuratie Vecchie
formerly the homes and offices of the Procurators of St Mark.

• Turning left at the end, the arcade continues along the west end
of the piazza, which was rebuilt by Napoleon about 1810 and is
known as the Ala Napoleonica (Napoleonic Wing).
• Turning left again, the arcade continues down the south side of
Piazzeta the Piazza. The buildings on this side are known as the Procuratie
Nuove.

• Opposite to this, standing free in the piazza, is St Mark's

Campanile.
Zoning :
Piazzeta :
• The Piazzetta di San Marco is, strictly speaking, not part of the
Piazza but an adjoining open space connecting the south side of
the Piazza to the waterway of the lagoon.

• At the end of this building is the Molo (the quay fronting the
lagoon) and the adjoining building to the right is the zecca (mint)
also by Sansovino (completed 1547) and now part of the
Biblioteca Marciana(library).

• Turning to the left at the end of the Biblioteca one crosses the
open end of the Piazzetta marked by two large granite
Piazza columns carrying symbols of the two patron saints of Venice.
Piazzeta
• On the far side of the Piazzetta is the side wall of the Doge's
Palace with Gothic arcades at ground level and a loggia on the
floor above.
History phases :
• The history of the Piazza San Marco can be conveniently covered in four periods, but the only pre-renaissance buildings and
monuments still standing there are St Mark's, the Doge's Palace and the two great columns in the Piazzetta.

Beginnings (800–1100)

St. theodron First chapel of the In 828–829 relics of St St mark’s basilica on Detail of the gable showing
(the first patron) doge,built about 819 Mark were stolen from the south side of the Venice's patron apostle St.
AD Alexandria and brought to existinh chapel Mark with angels.
Venice. completed in 836AD. Underneath is a winged lion,
the symbol of the saint and
of Venice.
History phases :
Beginnings (800–1100)
After the rebuilt, its
The new main structure this is
church was the present church,
finished in the though the west front
time of facing the Piazza was
Doge Vitale then in the
Falier (1084– Romanesque style
In 976 there was a rebellion 96) with undecorated
against the Doge and the brickwork.
church was set on fire.

Medieval piazza (1100–1490)

Sebastiano Ziani He initiated the changes Procession in the Piazza San Marbles and pillars for the façade and
Doge of Venice which created the piazza as Marco by Gentile Bellini. This the two square pillars in piazzeta
1172–1178 we know it. shows the piazza in 1496 taken from Constantinople
 History phases :
From the Renaissance to the fall of the Republic (1490–1797) :

The new buildings, known today In 1527 Jacopo Sansovino came to

The building was
Buildings on either side to as the Procuratie Vecchie after Venice and by had been appointed
completed with the
support the tower were added rebuilt in 1517. consultant architect and buildings
clock installed by
by 1506 and in 1512. manager of St. Mark.
February 1499.

Zecca of Venice The Marciana Library completed

1536-1548 in 1536.
 History phases
Napoleon and later (1797 onwards)

Venice surrendered to
Napoleon on 12 May
He destroyed images of the winged
1797.
lion the head of Doge Francesco
Foscari was removed as well as that
of the lion before which he was
kneeling.
(Replaced by copies after a century)
It was ordered that the The present building, known as
The French ordered
Procuratie Nuove were to the Ala Napoleonica (the
the four horses of become the royal palace for Napoleonic Wing) was built
San Marco to be his Stepson. between 1810 and 1813.
taken down in 1797.
St Mark's Basilica :

• The first St Mark's was a building next to the dodges palace,

ordered by the doge in 828. With a profusion of domes and
more than 8000 sq metres of luminous mosaics, Venice's
basilica is unforgettable.

• The Metropolitan Patriarchal Archcathedral Basilica of Saint

Mark commonly known as St Mark's Basilica is
the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of
Venice, northern Italy. It is the most famous of the city's
churches and one of the best known examples of Italo-
Byzantine architecture.

• The building's structure dates back to the later part of the

11th century, and the most likely influence on its architecture
and design is the Hagia Sophia. Much work has gone toward
embellishing this, and the famous main façade has an
ornamented roofline that is mostly Gothic.
St Mark's Basilica
:
Procuratie Vecchie :

• The Procuratie Vecchie on the northern side of the square was built during the War of the League of Cambrai in the early sixteenth
century to replace an earlier structure, damaged by fire. It always contained apartments that were rented by the procurators as a
source of revenue to finance building projects and repairs. Rental income was significant, given the prestige of the location. But the
apartments were eventually sold to raise immediate money for the government, and several of them were subsequently transformed
into clubhouses.
Procuratie Nuove :

• The Procuratie Nuove on the southern side housed the official residences of the procurators. Built between the late-sixteenth and
mid-seventeenth centuries to replace a series of dilapidated medieval structures, it represented the culmination of an extensive
programme of urban renewal that lasted over a hundred years and profoundly transformed Venice's city centre, giving it the
appearance of a great classical forum. Both the official residences in the Procuratie Nuove and the rental apartments in the
Procuratie Vecchie were built above arcades with space on the ground floor that was rented out for stores, workshops, and later
coffeehouses.
St marks campanilezve :

• Begun on pre-existing Roman foundations in the 9th

century and rebuilt several times between
the 12th and 14th centuries, the campanile took on
its definitive appearance, after much restoration and
reworking, between 1511 and 1514.

• This history of the campanile is linked to the

memory of the traditional flight of the
Angel celebration that took place on the last
Thursday before Lent.
• . Galileo used the campanile as an observatory to
study the skies and it was there in1609 that he
demonstrated his telescope to the Lords.
Bibliotheca marciana library:
• The Biblioteca Marciana, also known as the
Sansovino Library, had its origins thanks to
the sponsorship of Cardinal Bessarion, who
in 1468 donated his collection of about 750
codes to which he later added 250
manuscripts and printed works.

• Venice accepted the gift and began to

consider a drawing made by Francesco
Petrarca, a century earlier, of a "public
library" in Venice.

• The Venetian State promised to create a

building worthy of the donation but it was
not possible to start the construction of the
library until 1537 using the designs by
Jacopo Sansovino who was able to harmonize
the most noble classical style of the
Renaissance with the picturesque Venetian
atmosphere.
Thank you..