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Ansi Asse Z359.4-2013
Ansi Asse Z359.4-2013
ANSI/ASSE Z359.4-201 3
Safety Requirements for Assisted-Rescue and
Self-Rescue Systems, Subsystems and Components
A S AMERICAN S OCIETY OF
S E S AFETY E NGINEERS
The information and materials contained in this publication have been developed from sources believed to be
reliable. However, the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) as secretariat of the ANSI accredited
Z359 Committee or individual committee members accept no legal responsibility for the correctness or com-
pleteness of this material or its application to speci fi c factual situations. By publication of this standard, ASSE
or the Z359 Committee does not ensure that adherence to these recommendations will protect the safety or
health of any persons, or preserve property
ANSI®
ANSI/ASSE Z359.4 – 2013
Secretariat
American Society of Safety Engineers
1 800 East Oakton Street
Des Plaines, I llinois 6001 8 -21 87
National ments for d ue process, consensu s, and other criteria for approval have been met by the
? oard
Standard
standard s developer. Consensus is established when, in the ju dgment of the AN SI
of Stand ards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially
affected interests. Su bstantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but
not necessarily unanimity. Consensu s req uires that all vi ews and objecti ons be consid -
ered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resoluti on. The use of American
N ational Standard s is completely voluntary; their existence d oes not in any respect pre-
clud e anyone, whether he/she has approved the stand ards or not, from manu facturing,
marketing, pu rchasi ng, or u sing produ cts, processes, or procedu res not conformi ng to the
standards. The American N ati onal Standards I nstitute d oes not devel op standards and
will in no circu mstance give an interpretation of any American N ati onal Stand ard. M ore-
over, no person shall have the ri ght or authority to issue an interpretation of an American
N ational Standard in the name of the American N ational Standards I nstitute. Requ ests for
interpretati on shou ld be ad dressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on
the title page of this standard.
Cauti on N otice: This American N ational Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any
time. The procedu res of the American N ati onal Standard s I nstitu te req uire that action be
taken periodically to reaf? rm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Pu rchasers of American
N ati onal Stand ards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing
the American N ational Stand ards I nstitu te.
I ndivi duals engaged in rescue operati ons in areas where exposure to a fall hazard exists will bene ? t from
the informati on contained in this standard. This standard ad dresses eq uipment and performance criteria
for systems, subsystems and components u sed in preplanned assisted -rescue and self-rescue where a fall
hazard exists. Req uirements for adeq uate training and thorough pre-planning efforts prior to the initiati on
of assisted -rescue or self-rescue operati ons address th e needs of both the rescuer and the rescue subject.
This standard establishes criteria for eq uipment marking, testing, care and use.
This standard is part of a seri es of American N ational Stand ards for Fall Protection for all occupati onal and
non -occupati onal activities. I t is not intend ed to apply to sports activities such as mountaineering, nor to
specialized rescue efforts that may be associated with such activities. The ? rst AN SI standard of this series,
Z359.1 published in 1 992 and was revised in 2007, ad dresses personal fall arrest systems. Other standards
planned for the Z359 series will ad dress related subjects, and the overall fall protection program.
Whenever fall arrest systems are used, ind eed, whenever a fall hazard exists, it is necessary to plan for the
effective rescu e of persons who have experienced a fall event, whether it be a self-rescue applicati on or
assisted rescu e applicati on. Consid ering the diverse technical and environmental circumstances that can
be presented to rescu e personnel, d evelopment of a comprehensive rescu e plan is integral to the safety of
rescu e personnel, the rescu e subject, and the eventu al success of the rescue effort.
The comprehensive rescue plan pred icts circu mstances that mi ght requ ire rescue activiti es, anticipates
hazards associated with rescue operations, i denti ? es methods to control those hazards, recommend s the
appropriate response measures and i d enti ? es the fall arrest and retri eval eq uipment to be used. The rescu e
plan may call for methods or equ ipment that are outsi d e the scope of this standard, su ch as technical rope
rescue, when such methods are reasonable and feasible and estimated to be the most effective rescu e
method.
The Z359 Committee solicits pu blic input that may sug gest the need for revisi ons to this standard. Su ch
input shou ld be sent to the Secretariat, ASC Z359, American Soci ety of Safety Engineers, 1 800 E. Oakton
Street, Des Plaines, I l 6001 8 -21 87.
This standard was d eveloped and approved for submittal to AN SI by the American N ational Standard Com -
mittee on Standards for Fall Protecti on, Z359. Committee approval of the standard d oes not necessarily
imply that all Committee members voted for its approval. At the time it approved thi s standard, th e Z359
Committee had the foll owing members:
Randall Wing ? eld, Chairman
? asil Tominna, P.E., ?ice Chairman
Timothy R. Fisher, CSP, CHMM, ARM, CPEA, Secretary
Jennie Dalesandro, Administrative Technical Support
2. De ? niti ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3. Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3. 1 System Requ irements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3. 2 Component and Element Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3. 3 Corrosion Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Figures:
1 .3 Exceptions.
1 .3.1 The req uirements of this stand ard do not ad-
dress sport-related activities, rope access rescue
techniques utilized by certi ? ed rescue technicians
or other tasks that have established national con-
sensus standards. H owever, this does not preclude
use of equipment addressed within this stand ard for
such activities where appropria te.
1 .3.2 The competent person shall determine the suit- E1.3.2 For a de?nition of competent person refer to
ability of equ ipment ad dressed within this stand ard the ANS??ASS? Z359. 0 De ?nitions and Nomencla-
?
for activities conducted in hazardou s atmospheres. ture ?sed for Fall ?rotection and Fall Arrest and for ?
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ANSI/ASSE Z359.4-2013 American National Standard Safety Requirements for Assisted-Rescue and
Self-Rescue Systems, Subsystems and Components
2. DEFINITIONS
Please refer to AN SI /ASSE Z359. 0, De ?nitions and
Nomenclature ?sed for Fall ?rotection and Fall Ar-
rest, for de ? nitions of terms used in this standard.
3. REQUIREMENTS
3.1 System Requirements.
3.1 .1 A rescu e system shall be used only if attached
to an anchorage, or anchorage with anchorage con-
nector, which complies with the req uirements of this
stand ard .
3.1 .2 The capacity of a one-person rescue system E3.1.2 Some components such as hoists or rope
shall range from 1 30 to 31 0 pou nds (59 to 1 41 kg). tac?le ?loc?s ma? ha?e wor?ing load ratings that
The capacity of a two-person rescu e system shall differ from the capacit? range. This ma? ?e for pur-
range from 1 30 to 620 pounds (59 to 282kg). The poses such as material handling. The requirements
maximum and minimu m rated working loads for of this standard onl? address rescue applications of
each system component shall encompass the ca- these components.
pacity range of the assembled system.
3.2 Component and Element Requirements. E3.2 The component and element requirements
contained within this section are minimum design
and performance requirements and are not intend-
ed to control the design or manufacturing process.
It is the responsi?ilit? of the manufacturer to ensure
appropriate controls and procedures are applied to
ensure consistent qualit?. ?asic engineering princi-
pals including ?ut not limited to material selection
and compati?ilit?, factors of safet?, en?ironmental
considerations and process ?ia?ilit? should ?e ap-
plied.
3.2.1 Connector (Hardware) Components and
Elements. Connectors used in rescue systems
shall meet req uirements of AN SI /ASSE Z359. 1 2.
Connectors complying with these requirements are
su itable for use in one and two person rescue sys-
tems.
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3.2.2.1 .1 Full bod y harnesses shall meet the re- E3.2.2.1.1 In some situations, the manufacturer
quirements of AN SI /ASSE Z359. 1 . U nless speci ? - ma? prohi? it use of the dorsal attachment element
cally prohibited for rescue use by the manufacturer, for rescue. For e?ample, if the dorsal attachment
the dorsal attachment element is suitable for res- element is occupied ?? another su?s?stem, con-
cu e application and need not be evaluated in ac- nection of a second connector (to the same point)
cordance with 3. 2. 2. 1 . 2 or 3. 2. 2. 1 . 3. for rescue purposes ma? not ? e possi? le or recom-
mended.
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3.2.5 Self-Retracting Lanyard Component with E3.2.5 SRL-Rs compl?ing with these requirements
Integral Rescue Capability. Self-Retracting Lan- are suita?le for use in one person rescue s?stems.
yard with integral rescu e capability (SRL-R) u sed in
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3.2.6.2 Rope tackle blocks shall have a secondary E3.2.6.2 The primar? method is actions of the op-
means to prevent uncontrolled lowering of the load. erator. The secondar? method, independent of op-
Rope tackle blocks shall have a minimum theoreti- erator’s actions, is a passi?e mechanical method
cal mechanical advantage of 3: 1 . for pre?enting uncontrolled descent.
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3.2.7.6 Design.
3.2.7.6.1 Line Material. E3.2.7.6.1 The line material strength ?alues speci-
?ed in this section are not appropriate for use with
descent de?ices for wor? positioning applications
or other applications requiring a person to ?e sus-
pended on line for purposes other than preplanned
rescue.
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4. QUALIFICATION TESTING
?uali ? cation and veri ? cation testing shall meet the
requ irements of AN SI /ASSE Z359. 7.
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ANSI/ASSE Z359.4-2013 American National Standard Safety Requirements for Assisted-Rescue and
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4.3.5.2 Static Strength Testing. The descent E4.3.5.2 For an e?ample, see Figures 3a, 3? and 3c.
device shall be connected to the test structure as
shown in Figure 3a or 3b for the static test. I f the
test con ? guration of Figure 3a is used, a load of
1 , 350 pound s (6kN ) shall be applied using the stat-
ic tensile test equ ipment in accordance with 4. 1 . 6.
I f the test con ? guration of Figu re 3b is used, a load
of 2, 700 pounds (1 2kN ) shall be applied u sing the
static tensile test equipment. The prescribed load
shall be maintained for a period of one minute upon
completion of this period. Examine the test sample
in accordance with the req uirements of 3. 2. 7. 3.
4.3.5.3 Dynamic Strength Test. The test stru cture, E4.3.5.3 For an e?ample see Figures 4a and 4?.
test weight, test lanyard and qu ick release mecha-
nism shall be in accordance with 4. 1 . 1 , 4. 1 . 2, 4. 1 . 3
and 4. 1 . 5 respectively. The d escent d evice or line
shall be connected to the test structure anchorage
in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
For this test, there shall be no manual control of
manu ally operated descent devices i. e. hands free
test. The 220 pound (1 00kg) test weight shall be
connected directly (or via the test lanyard ) to the
descent d evice or the descent line as if to lower
the weight. I n either case, the descent device shall
be located within 2 feet (0. 6m) from the anchorage
(see Figures 4a and 4b). The test weight shall then
be raised from a point within 1 2 inches (305mm)
horizontally of the descent device attachment to the
anchorage such that upon release, the test weight
will free fall 2 feet (. 6m) before the descent device
engages. Release the test weight using the quick
release mechanism. For d evices designed to low-
er the weight at a controlled rate following loss of
control, measure the descent speed starting at a
point within 5 feet (1 . 52m) of activation of the d e-
vice. Time the descent over a distance of 1 0-20 feet
(3-6m) and calculate the descent speed. Evaluate
test results in accordance with the requ irements of
3. 2. 7. 4.
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ANSI/ASSE Z359.4-2013 American National Standard Safety Requirements for Assisted-Rescue and
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ANSI/ASSE Z359.4-2013 American National Standard Safety Requirements for Assisted-Rescue and
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5.2 Speci ? c Marking Requirements. E5.2 Additional mar?ings ma? ?e pro?ided ?? the
manufacturer as deemed necessar?.
5.2.2 Harnesses, Full Body. I n addition to the E5.2.2 ?ictograms ma? ?e used in lieu of te?t to il-
requ irements in 5. 1 , fu ll body harnesses shall be lustrate and identif? attachment elements.
marked in accordance with the requ irements of
AN SI /ASSE Z359. 1 .
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5. 4. 7 Descen t Con trol Devi ce. In addition to the E5.4.7 When used as prescri?ed ?? the manufac-
requirements in 5.3, instructions for descent control turer, it should not ?e possi?le to e?ceed the de-
devices shall include: scent energ? rating in a single descent.
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ANSI/ASSE Z359.4-2013 American National Standard Safety Requirements for Assisted-Rescue and
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6.1 Inspection.
6.1 .1 Eq uipment shall be inspected by the rescuer E6.1.1 The purpose of two-le?el inspection of
before each use and ad ditionally by a competent equipment is to pro?ide two independent means for
person other than the rescuer at intervals of no detecting and pre?enting the use of defecti?e, dam-
more than one year. aged or improperl? maintained equipment. If such
equipment conditions are o?ser?ed ?? the compe-
tent person’s inspection, measures should ?e ta ?en
to pro?ide the rescuer with additional training or re-
training in equipment inspection, maintenance, use
and storage. Such o?ser?ations ma? also suggest
the need for selection of alternati?e equipment more
suita?le for the conditions of use. The frequenc? of
periodic inspections ?? a competent person should
?e esta?lished ?? the rescuer’s organization ?ased
upon careful consideration of rele?ant factors. Such
factors include the nature and se?erit? of wor?place
conditions affecting the equipment and the modes
of use and e?posure time of the equipment.
6.1 .2 I nspection criteria for the eq uipment shall E6.1.2 The rescuer’s organization ma? consider
be set by the rescuer’s organization. Such crite- mar?ing equipment with tags or other distinct indi-
ria shall equal or exceed the greater of the criteria cators that identif? the equipment as a?aila?le for
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• defects in eq uipment; or
• damage to equ ipment; or
• inad equ ate maintenance of equipment; or
• activated stress indicators; or
• activated warning systems or devices.
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7.2.1 Snaphooks and carabiners shall be compati- E7.2.1 ? ultiple connectors of snaphoo ?s into a sin-
bly matched to their associated connector to red uce gle ring are not recommended (i. e. two snaphoo ?s;
the possibility of rollout. Snaphooks and carabiners snaphoo? and we?? ing; snaphoo? and cara ? iner).
shall be securely closed and locked once coupled
to an associated connector. Snaphooks and carabi-
ners shall not be connected to each other.
7.2.2 Anchorages selected for rescue systems shall E7.2.2 See ?uali?ed ?erson ANSI/ASSE Z359. 2.
have a strength capable of sustaining static loads,
applied in the directions permitted by the rescue
system of at least 3, 1 00 pou nds (1 3. 8kN ) for con-
nection of rescu e system only, or meet a factor of
safety of 5: 1 based on the static load placed on the
system when the system is designed, installed and
used under the supervision of a qu ali ? ed person.
7.2.3 Anchorage connectors shall not be attached E7.2.3 Anchorages intended for use as fall ar-
to anchorages where such attachment wou ld re- rest shall conform to ANSI/ASSE Z359. 2. A 3,100
duce the anchorage system strength below the ap- pound (13. ??N) rated rescue anchorage is not in-
plicable level set forth in 7. 2. 2 or red uce the an- tended for fall arrest. When an anchorage ma? ? e
chorage strength below the allowable level set by utilized for ? oth fall arrest and rescue, the greater
applicable stru ctural codes. A suitable anchorage load requirement shall appl?.
connector shall be used for rigging the connection
of lanyards and lifelines to stru ctural members. A
lanyard shall not be connected back onto itself for
use as an anchorage connector unless designed
for this pu rpose.
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7.3.2 Training shall be provided in the selection of E7.3.2 Do not com?ine components or su?s?stems
rescue equipment and include: to create a rescue s?stem unless speci?call? de-
signed for that purpose ?? the manufacturer.
• where and when to use speci ? c equipment and
the selection criteria;
• consideration of environmental and other work-
place factors.
7.3.3 Training shall address inspections of the E7.3.3 ?ost-use inspection should also ?e per-
equipment and include the manufacturer’s recom- formed ?efore returning equipment to storage.
mendations for inspection.
7.3.4 Training shall be provided in proper use of the E7.3.4 Wor?ers and emergenc? response person-
equipment and include: nel should ?e trained to recognize and respond to
the ris?s of suspension trauma. Following a fall,
• how to use the equipment; wor?ers equipped with a full ?od? harness should
• proper methods of donning, adjusting and inter- be trained to:
connecting the equipment;
• proper attachment locations on the equipment; • ?o?e their legs in the harness and tr? to push
• intended function and performance characteris- against an? footholds; and
tics for each item of equipment; • Adjust their position to a sitting posture with legs
• proper attachment methods including compatibil- up as high as practical.
ity of the sizes of snaphooks, D-Rings and other
connections to reduce the probability of acciden- Rescuers should be trained to rapidl? respond to
tal disengagement; minimize the dangers of suspension trauma. Time
• what to do after a fall to protect the rescue sub- is of the essence and trauma ma? occur if a wor?er
ject from injury; is suspended in an upright position for longer than
• emergency rescue planning and execution to in- ??e minutes. E?ercise care in handling the sus-
clude: pended wor?er, especiall? if the wor?er is uncon-
• methods of rescue; scious. Ta?e at least 30 minutes to mo?e the res-
• rescue personnel availability; cued wor?er from:
• type of equipment available for rescue
and effective means to summon rescue 1. An upright position;
personnel; 2. To ?neeling;
• drilling of rescue personnel in rescue and 3. To sitting; and ?nall?,
evacuation procedures; 4. To a supine position.
• rescuer safety as the ? rst priority of the
plan. This will a ?oid sudden blood ?ow to the heart after
remo?al of a wor?er from a suspended position.
7.3.5 Training in maintenance procedures shall in- E7.3.5 ?ost-use inspection ma? also be included
clude those issues set forth in the manufacturer’s as a maintenance procedure.
instructions and Section 6.2.
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ANSI/ASSE Z359.4-2013 American National Standard Safety Requirements for Assisted-Rescue and
Self-Rescue Systems, Subsystems and Components
7.3.8 Periodic assessment of the effectiveness of E7.3.8 Training effecti?eness ma? be e?aluated
rescuer training shall be conducted at least annu- ?
b? se?eral techniques. ersonnel should demon-
ally by a competent person and the need for more strate their working knowledge of personal fall ar-
training and retraining determined. rest equipment and procedures through a written or
practical demonstration or both.
8. REFERENCES
When referred to herein, the speci ? c references
cited below (inclusive of revision designated) shall
be applied. I f any of the listed references is revised
or becomes obsolete by its issu er, the speci ? c ref-
erence cited below shall continue to apply to this
stand ard unless and until this standard is of? cially
amended.
8.2.1 ?
ASTM ? 1 1 7-03, Standard ractice for ?per-
ating Salt Spra ? (Fog) Apparatus
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ANSI/ASSE Z359.4-2013 American National Standard Safety Requirements for Assisted-Rescue and
Self-Rescue Systems, Subsystems and Components
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ANSI/ASSE Z359.4-2013 American National Standard Safety Requirements for Assisted-Rescue and
Self-Rescue Systems, Subsystems and Components
Anchorage
I -Beam
Load Cell
3, 1 00 lbs (1 3. 8 kN )
Load Weight
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ANSI/ASSE Z359.4-2013 American National Standard Safety Requirements for Assisted-Rescue and
Self-Rescue Systems, Subsystems and Components
Anchorage
I -Beam
Pulley
Descent line
Rope direction
Automatic descent
control device
Rope
300 lb
(1 36 kg)
Test weight
Descent line
retrieval system
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ANSI/ASSE Z359.4-2013 American National Standard Safety Requirements for Assisted-Rescue and
Self-Rescue Systems, Subsystems and Components
Anchorage
I -Beam
Pulley
Engage descent
control device so that
weight is suspended
Rope direction over the ground
Rope
300 lb
(1 36 kg)
Test weight
Descent line
retrieval system
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ANSI/ASSE Z359.4-2013 American National Standard Safety Requirements for Assisted-Rescue and
Self-Rescue Systems, Subsystems and Components
Anchorage Anchorage
I -Beam I -Beam
Figure 3a Descent
Figure 3b Descent
Device Device
Line stop or
N ormal Line
Load Cell
Load Cell
1 , 350 lb (6 kN )
2, 700 lb (1 2 kN )
Figure 3c
2, 700 lb 2, 700 lb
(1 2 kN ) (1 2 kN )
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ANSI/ASSE Z359.4-2013 American National Standard Safety Requirements for Assisted-Rescue and
Self-Rescue Systems, Subsystems and Components
Anchorage
I-Beam
Winch
Descent
Device
Quick Release
M echanism
Test
Weight
2 ft (0. 6 m)
Test
Weight
1 2 in (0. 3 m)
M ax.
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ANSI/ASSE Z359.4-2013 American National Standard Safety Requirements for Assisted-Rescue and
Self-Rescue Systems, Subsystems and Components
Anchorage
I -Beam
Winch
Descent
Device
Quick Release
M echanism
2 ft (0. 6 m)
Test
Weight
2 ft (0. 6 m)
Descent
Device
Test
Weight
1 2 in (0. 3 m) max.
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