Ansi+assp+z359 12-2019

ANSI/ASSP Z359.
12-2019
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The information and materials contained in this publication have been developed from sources believed to
be reliable. However, the American Society of Safety Professionals (ASSP) as secretariat of the ANSI
accredited Z359 committee or individual committee members accept no legal responsibility for the
correctness or completeness of this material or its application to specific factual situations. By publication
of this standard, ASSP or the Z359 committee does not ensure that adherence to these recommendations
will protect the safety or health of any persons or preserve property.
ANSI®
ANSI/ASSP Z359.12 – 2019
American National Standard
Connecting Components
for Personal Fall Arrest Systems
Secretariat
American Society of Safety Professionals

520 N. Northwest Highway
Park Ridge, Illinois 60068
Approved June 5, 2019
Effective July 6, 2020
American National Standards Institute
Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the
American requirements for due process, consensus and other criteria for approval have
been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the
National judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has
Standard been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement
means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity.
Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a
concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National
Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect
preclude anyone, whether he/she has approved the standards or not, from
manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or
procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards
Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstance give an
interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall
have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National
Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for
interpretation should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name
appears on the title page of this standard.
Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn

at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require
that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise or withdraw this standard.
Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on
all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute.
Published June 2019 by
American Society of Safety Professionals

520 N. Northwest Highway
Park Ridge, Illinois 60068
(847) 699-2929 • www.assp.org
Copyright ©2019 by American Society of Safety Professionals

All Rights Reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced

in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or
otherwise, without the prior written permission
of the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America
Foreword
(This Foreword is not a part of American National Standard Z359.12-2019.)
This standard, national in scope, was developed by the Z359 Committee functioning under the
procedures of the American National Standards Institute, with the American Society of Safety
Professionals (ASSP) as secretariat.
It is intended that every employer whose operations fall within the scope and purpose of the
standard will adopt the guidelines and requirements detailed in this standard.
The need for this standards activity grew out of the continuing development of a series of fall
protection-related standards. The focus is to tie the elements of those standards together and
provide the tools with which employers may develop the programs that incorporate those
elements. This standard also brings together the administrative requirements of those fall
protection standards. It should be noted, as in all Z359-series standards, that this standard
applies to occupational activities. It does not apply to sports activities such as mountaineering.
Neither the standards committee, nor the secretariat, states that this standard is perfect or in its
ultimate form. It is recognized that new developments are to be expected, and that revisions of
the standard will be necessary as the state-of-the-art progresses and further experience is
gained. It is felt, however, that uniform guidelines for fall protection programs are very much
needed and that the standard in its present form provides for the minimum criteria necessary to
develop and implement a comprehensive managed fall protection program.
The Z359 Committee acknowledges the critical role of design in influencing the use of proper
fall protection equipment. Designs which eliminate fall hazards through the proper application of
the hierarchy of safety controls are the preferred method for fall protection. Design deficiencies
often increase the risk for employees who may be exposed to fall hazards: examples are 1) lack
of rail systems to prevent falls from machines, equipment and structures; 2) failure to provide
engineered anchorages where use of personal fall arrest systems are anticipated; 3) no
provision for safe access to elevated work areas; 4) installation of machines or equipment at
heights, rather than floor/ground level to preclude access to elevated areas; 5) failure to plan for
the use of travel restriction or work positioning devices. To that end, this series of standards
also provides guidance for design considerations for new buildings and facilities.
Basic fall safety principles have been incorporated into these standards, including hazard
survey, hazard elimination and control and education and training. The primary intent is to
ensure a proactive approach to fall protection. However, the reactive process of accident
investigation is also addressed to ensure that adequate attention is given to causation of falls.
Normative Requirements
This standard uses the single-column format. The normative requirements appear aligned to the
left margin. To meet the requirements of this standard, machinery, equipment and process
suppliers and users must conform to these normative requirements. These requirements
typically use the verb “shall.”
NOTE: The informative or explanatory notes in this standard appear indented, in italics, in
a reduced font size, which is an effort to provide a visual signal to the reader that this is
informative note, not normative text, and is not to be considered part of the requirements of
this standard; this text is advisory in nature only. The suppliers and users are not required
to conform to the informative note. The informative note is presented in this manner in an
attempt to enhance readability and to provide explanation or guidance to the sections they
follow.
Figures
Figures provided in the standard are illustrated to show basic concepts of testing, types of
products, examples of labels or other information from the standard. These figures are not to
scale, nor do they represent absolute systems and requirements. They are for educational and
informational purposes to explain content within a standard.
Suggestions for Improvements
Suggestions for improvements to this standard are welcome. They should be sent to: American
Society of Safety Professionals (ASSP), 520 N. Northwest Highway, Park Ridge, IL 60068
Attention: Z359 Secretariat.
Revisions
The Z359 Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this standard. Revisions are made to
the standard periodically (usually five years from the date of the standard) to incorporate
changes that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by experience gained from the
application of the standard. Proposals should be as specific as possible, citing the relevant
section number(s), the proposed wording and the reason for the proposal. Pertinent
documentation would enable the Z359 Committee to process the changes in a timely manner.
Interpretations
Upon a request in writing to the secretariat, the Z359 Committee will render an interpretation of
any requirement of the standard. The request for interpretation should be clear, citing the
relevant section number(s) and phrased as a request for a clarification of a specific requirement.
Oral interpretations are not provided.
No one but the Z359 Committee (through the Z359 Secretariat) is authorized to provide any
interpretation of this standard.
Approval
Neither the Z359 Committee nor the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approves,
certifies, rates or endorses any item, construction, proprietary device or activity.
Appendices
Appendices are included in most standards to provide the user with additional information
related to the subject of the standard. Appendices are not part of the approved standard.
Committee Meetings
Persons wishing to attend a meeting or join the committee should contact the secretariat for
information.
Standard Approval
This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Z359 Secretariat.
Approval of the standard does not necessarily imply (nor is it required) that all committee
members voted for its approval. At the time this standard was approved, the Z359 Committee
had the following members:
Thomas Kramer, P.E., CSP, Chair
Dan Henn, Vice Chair
Ovidiu Munteanu, Secretary
Timothy Fisher, CSP, CHMM, CPEA, CAE, ARM, STS, Assistant Secretary
Jennie Dalesandro, Administrative Technical Support
Organization Represented Name of Representative
3M Raymond Mann
Mike Boraas
American Society of Safety Professionals Jubal Hamernik, Ph.D., P.E.
John Frost, CSP
Bashlin Industries, Inc. Bradley McGill
Caleb Williams
Bayer AG Adam Chapin
Chad McDanel
Boeing Joey Junio, P.E.
Segis Wright
Buckingham Manufacturing Company James Rullo
DeForest Canfield
Certified Access Dave Pasco
ClimbTech Karl Guthrie
Daniel Aleksovski
Elk River, Inc. Mark Conover
Delisa Calhoun
Ellis Fall Safety Solutions, LLC J. Nigel Ellis, Ph.D., P.E., CSP, CPE
John Whitty, P.E.
ExxonMobil Freddie Johnson
Zachary Shanklin
FallTech Zack Winters
Mike Tavis
Flexible Lifeline Systems Michael Bailey, P.E.
General Motors Company Graham Parr
Ken Mahnick
GME Supply Company Daniel Pobst
Caleb Messer
Gorbel Inc. Allen Baughman
Kevin Duhamel
Gravitec Systems, Inc. Kevin Denis
David Lough
High Engineering Corporation William Parsons, P.Eng.
Honeywell Bradley Rohlf
Steven McPherson
Indianapolis Power and Light Company Nick Hutchinson
INSPEC International Ltd. Paul Clarke, CEng, MIMechE
Andrew Diamond, MInstP, BSc (Hons)
International Safety Equipment Association Cristine Fargo
Justin Patton
Jelco Philip Clemmons
Kee Safety, Inc. Graham Willmott
John Ingram
KMI Construction Jim Kinateder
Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC Louis Renner, CSP
Liberty Mutual Glenn Sparks
Matthew Zaffini
Lighthouse Safety, LLC John Corriveau
Mark Benes
LJB Inc. Thomas Kramer, P.E., CSP
Rupert Noton, CEng, MIStructE
Malta Dynamics, LLC David Ivey
Chris Holland
Martin/Martin Consulting Engineers Andrew Emmons, P.E.
Al Jording, P.E.
MSA Rob Willis
Tim Bissett
Murdock Webbing Company, Inc. Rick Toll
Stephan Gelinas
National Association of Tower Erectors John Jones
Justin Miller
Pensafe Inc. Keith Smith
Petzl Jeremiah Wangsgard
Keith Luscinski
Pigeon Mountain Industries Jeff Bowles
Loui McCurley
Pure Safety Group Warren Faber
Andre Pelland
Reliance Industries Dan Henn
W. Joe Shaw
Rigid Lifelines Arnie Galpin, P.E.
Rooftop Anchor, Inc. Kynan Wynne
Tyson Munford, P.E.
Safety Equipment Institute, Inc. Stephen Sanders
Schreiber Foods Mark Winchester
George Jerome
Shell Oil Company Edward Grosse
Gregory Byers
SKYLOTEC North America LP Douglas Mercier
Michael Masterson, Jr.
Southern Weaving Company Andrew Broadway
Curtiss Burdette
Sparkling Clean Window Company Samuel Terry
Art Schneider
SPRAT Charley Rankin, M.S.
Cedric Smith
STE Michael Wright, P.E., CPE, CSP
Mark Williams
Sturges Manufacturing, Inc. Tyler Griffith
SureWerx/PeakWorks Tim Accursi
Juan Rangel
Travelers Scott Richert, CSP, ARM, ALCM
Trinity Industries, Inc. Robin Wagstaff
Tritech Fall Protection Systems, Inc. Craig Siciliani
Chris Moemke, EIT
U.S. Air Force Robert Baker
Robert Foster
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Shawn Smith, CSP
Corey Dickson
U.S. Department of Interior - BSEE John Cushing, Jr.
U.S. Navy Basil Tominna, P.E.
Ronald Silva, P.E.
UAW Matthew Uptmor, OHST
UL Beverly Stutts
Andrew White
Vertical Access LLC Kelly Streeter, P.E.
Walt Disney Parks & Resorts Ian Bevan
Werner Co. Michael Cameron
Cody Rappoport
Western Area Power Administration William Schnyer
John Woodard, CIH, CSP
WJE Daniel Gach, AIA, NCARB
Jason Kamman, CSP, CHST
Zachry Group Adam Rubin
Subgroup Z359.12 had the following members:
Tim Accursi, Chair

Keith Smith, Vice Chair
Lynn Camp
Paul Clarke, CEng, MIMechE
John Corriveau
Jeremy Deason, P.E.
J. Nigel Ellis, Ph.D., P.E., CSP, CPE
Nick Hutchinson
Loui McCurley
David Pate, CUSA
Jeffrey Reep
James Rullo
W. Joe Shaw
Contents
1. Scope, Purpose, Applications, Exceptions and Interpretations ..............................................10
1.1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................10
1.2 Purpose and Applications ................................................................................................10
1.3 Exceptions .......................................................................................................................10
1.4 Interpretations .................................................................................................................11
2. Definitions .............................................................................................................................11
3. Requirements........................................................................................................................12
3.1 Component and Element Requirements ..........................................................................12
4. QualificationTesting...............................................................................................................13
4.1 Test Equipment and Test Specimens ..............................................................................13
4.2 Component, Constituent and Element Testing .................................................................15
5. Marking and Instructions .......................................................................................................17
5.1 General Marking Requirements .......................................................................................17
5.2 Specific Marking Requirements .......................................................................................18
5.3 Specific Instruction Requirements....................................................................................18
6. User Inspection, Maintenance and Storage ...........................................................................19
6.1 Inspection ........................................................................................................................19
6.2 Maintenance and Storage ................................................................................................19
7. Equipment Selection .............................................................................................................19
8. References ...........................................................................................................................19
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z359.12-2019
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z359.12

CONNECTING COMPONENTS
FOR PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEMS
1. Scope, Purpose, Applications, Exceptions and Interpretations

1.1 Scope
This standard establishes requirements for the performance, design, marking, qualification, test
methods and removal from service of connectors.
NOTE: See Figures 1 and 2 for illustrations of the equipment covered by this standard.
Connectors are commonly referred to as fall protection hardware. Equipment used in
personal fall protection systems is commonly referred to as personal protective equipment
(PPE) in the literature of the safety field.
1.2 Purpose and Applications
1.2.1 This standard addresses only components that are used in the interconnection of a
complete unit, intended to be used as a primary single link to a permanent anchorage connector
and/or intended to be used as a primary attachment point.
NOTE: Examples of common connectors are snaphooks, carabiners, D-rings, O-rings,
buckles and adjusters.
1.2.2 This standard addresses fall protection hardware used in occupations requiring personal
protection against falls from heights and applies to the manufacturers, distributors, purchasers,
test labs and users of such equipment.
NOTE: This is a voluntary consensus standard. The legal requirements for protection
against falls from heights are established by applicable regulatory bodies governing
occupational safety.
1.2.3 Before any equipment shall bear the marking Z359.12 or be represented in any way as
being in compliance with this standard, all applicable requirements of this standard shall be met.
Such compliance shall be established in accordance with the requirements specified in
ANSI/ASSP Z359.7.
1.3 Exceptions
1.3.1 The requirements of this standard do not address material handling or sports-related
activities.
1.3.2 Although personal fall protection systems (as well as personal protective systems for
climbing, man riding, travel restriction, rescue and evacuation) incorporating horizontal lifelines
may suitably incorporate components or subsystems specified herein, those systems and
components and subsystems which are unique to them are outside the scope of this standard
for personal fall arrest systems.
NOTE: Hardware incorporated into work positioning systems outlined by ANSI/ASSP
Z359.3 are covered by this standard.
1.3.3 Body belts, window cleaner belts, chest-waist harnesses and chest harnesses, even when
referred to as body supports, are not addressed by the provisions of this fall protection standard.
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1.4 Interpretations
Requests for interpretations of this standard shall be in writing and addressed to the Secretariat
of this standard.
1.5 In this standard, values for measurement are followed by an equivalent in parentheses, but
only the first stated value shall be regarded as the requirement. Equivalent values in
parentheses are not considered as the requirement, as these values can be approximate.
1.6 Unless otherwise specified, the values stated in this standard are expressed as nominal
values. Except for temperature limits, values which are not stated as maxima or minima shall be
subject to a tolerance of ± 5%. Unless otherwise specified, the ambient temperature for testing
shall be between 35°F (1.7 C) and 100°F (37.8 C) and the temperature limits shall be subject to
an accuracy of ± 2°F (± 2 C).
2. Definitions
Adjuster. A component that provides a means to vary the length of a strap, webbing or rope.
Buckle. A connector for attaching a strap or webbing segment to either another strap or
webbing segment or back to itself.
Carabiner (CAR). A connector generally comprised of a trapezoidal or oval shaped body with a
closed gate or similar arrangement that may be opened to attach another object and, when
released, automatically closes to retain the object.
Compatibility. The quality or power of being compatible.
Compatible. Capable of orderly, efficient integration and operation with other elements or
components in a system, without the need of special modification or conversion, such that the
connection will not fail when used in the manner intended.
Connector. A component or element that is used to couple parts of the system together.
D-Ring. An integral “D” shaped connector typically used in harnesses, lanyards, energy
absorbers, lifelines and anchorage connectors as an integral connector as an attachment point.
Dynamic Test. A test in which rapidly changing loads are applied.
Gate. The element of a connector that opens to receive an object and closes when released to
retain the object.
Hardware. A rigid component or element that is used to couple parts of the system together.
Inspection. An examination of equipment or systems to assess conformance to a particular
standard.
Integral. Not removable from the component, subsystem or system without destroying or
mutilating any element or without use of a special tool.
Manufacturer. Any producer of fall protection equipment with written product labels and
instructions meeting the requirements of these standards.
Marking. Any sign, label, stencil, plate or the like containing information or guidance.
Model. A specific type or design of a product.
O-Ring. A circular shaped ring.
Oval Ring. An oval shaped ring.
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Proof Load Testing. A type of verification testing performed on equipment or elements thereof
by applying to the specimen a static load of a specified amount below the design breaking
strength of the specimen.
Ring. A generally hoop-shaped connector (hardware) element or component.
Rollout. A process by which a snaphook or carabiner unintentionally disengages from another
connector or object to which it is coupled.
Snaphook. A connector comprised of a hook-shaped body with a normally closed gate or
similar arrangement that may be opened to permit the hook to receive an object and, when
released, automatically closes to retain the object.
Soft Loop Attachment Element. A non-metallic attachment element of a full body harness
(FBH) constructed of synthetic fiber webbing.
Static Strength. The ultimate capacity of a component or an assembly to support a static load
without breaking or deforming in such a way that the load is released.
Transverse Body Loading. The loading of a hook or carabiner at right angles to the intended
direction of load.
3. Requirements
3.1 Component and Element Requirements
3.1.1 Surface Finish of Hardware. The finish of all hardware shall be clean and free of scale,
rust and deposits of foreign matter. All hardware shall be capable of withstanding a minimum
salt spray test of 48 hours when tested in accordance with reference 8.1. The presence of red
rust, visible to the unaided eye, or other evidence of corrosion of the base metal shall constitute
failure of the salt spray test. Post-test presence of white scale on hardware surfaces is
permitted. Surfaces which may come in contact with tearable materials shall be free of burrs,
pits, sharp edges or rough surfaces.
3.1.2 All hardware shall be new and in unused condition when incorporated into assemblies and
initially put into use.
3.1.3 Snaphooks and carabiners shall be self-closing and self-locking and shall be capable of
being opened only by at least two consecutive deliberate actions.
NOTE: See Figure 2 for examples of snaphook and carabiner. See Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 11,
12, 13 and 15 for illustrations of tests.
3.1.3.1 When tested in accordance with 4.2.1.1.1, snaphooks and carabiners shall be capable
of withstanding a 5,000 pound (22.2 kN) tensile load without breaking or separating from the
nose of the snaphook or carabiner body by more than 0.125 in. (3.1mm).
3.1.3.2 When tested in accordance with 4.2.1.1.2, the gate of a snaphook or carabiner shall be
capable of withstanding a gate face load of 3,600 lb (16kN) without the gate separating from the
nose of the snaphook or carabiner body by more than 0.125 in. (3.1mm).
3.1.3.3 When tested in accordance with 4.2.1.1.3, the gate of the snaphook or carabiner shall
be capable of withstanding a side load of 3,600 lb (16kN) applied to a point midway between the
nose and gate hinge without breaking, or separating from the nose of the snaphook or carabiner
body by more than 0.125 in. (3.1mm).
3.1.3.4 When tested in accordance with 4.2.1.1.4, the gate of the snaphook or carabiner shall
be capable of withstanding a minor axis load of 3,600 lb (16kN) applied to a point midway
between the nose and gate hinge without breaking or distortion sufficient to release the gate.
12
Minor axis testing is not required for captive eye snaphooks and carabiners (excluding pin type
captive eye).
3.1.3.5 Where there is a gate opening larger than 1 in. (25mm), the snaphook or carabiner shall
be tested in accordance with 4.2.1.1.5 and shall be capable of withstanding a transverse body
(static) load of 3,600 lb (16kN) without breaking or distortion sufficient to release the gate from
the nose by more than 0.125 in. (3.1mm).
3.1.3.6 Snaphooks and carabiners with gate opening larger than 1 in. (25mm), shall be capable
of withstanding a transverse body (dynamic) drop test as specified in 4.2.3.4. Permanent
deformation shall be acceptable, provided that the deformation is not sufficient to release the
gate from the nose by more than 0.125 in. (3.1mm).
3.1.4 When tested in accordance with 4.2.1.2, D-rings, O-rings and oval rings shall be capable
of withstanding a tensile load of 5,000 lb (22.2kN) without breaking.
NOTE: See Figures 7 for illustration of testing method.
3.1.5 When tested in accordance with 4.2.1.3, buckles, Oval Rings used as adjusters, and other
adjusters shall be capable of withstanding a minimum tensile load of 3,372 lb (15kN) without
breaking.
NOTE: See Figure 8 for illustration of test method.
3.1.6 All snaphooks, carabiners, D-rings O-rings and oval rings shall be subjected to proof load
testing to 3,600 lb (16kN) in accordance with 4.2.2. Failure shall be cracking, breaking or
permanent deformation visible to the unaided eye.
3.1.7 Snaphooks, carabiners, D-rings, O-rings and oval rings shall be capable of withstanding a
dynamic drop test as outlined in Section 4.2.3.3. Permanent deformation shall be acceptable,
provided that, in the case of components that rely on a gate closure, this deformation is not
sufficient to release the gate by more than 0.125 in. (3.1mm) from the nose of the hook.
4. QualificationTesting
4.1 Test Equipment and Test Specimens
4.1.1 Drop Test Structure. The drop test structure shall meet the requirements of ANSI/ASSP
Z359.7.
4.1.2 Test Weight. The test weight shall weigh 220 lb ± 2 lb (100kg ± 1kg) and shall be rigidly
constructed of steel in accordance with Figure 9.
4.1.3 Test Lanyards
4.1.3.1 The test lanyard to be used in performing dynamic tests shall be fabricated from Type
302 stainless steel, 7x19 aircraft cable construction in accordance with reference 8.2. It shall
have a diameter of 1/2 in. (12.7mm) and shall have a length up to 3.28 ft (1m) long, equipped
with 3/8-inch shackles or carabiners at each end and measured from bearing point to bearing
point between shackles or carabiners when the lanyard is under a tension of 10 lb (44N). To
prevent slippage, the lanyard eyes shall be formed by flemish eye splices and secured with
swaged fittings.
NOTE 1: 3/8-inch shackles may be used to ensure proper orientation during dynamic
loading.
NOTE 2: 1/2-inch wire rope to be used because of a 5:1 safety factor for repeated loading.
4.1.3.2 The test lanyard to be used for static transverse body loading shall be as defined
in 4.1.3.1, but the length shall be five times the length from eye to bowl of snaphook or
13
carabiner being tested (see Figures 13 and 14). The tolerance for the length of the test lanyard
is ± 6 in. (152 mm).
NOTE: Example calculation for test lanyard length. Distance from inside eye to inside bowl
of 6 in., (5 x 6 =30). The length of test lanyard shall be 30 inches. The liberal tolerance
applied is due to the fact that during testing it was discovered that a length variation of 12
inches used on the same product did not make any difference to the end result.
4.1.4 Test Instrumentation. The dynamic test instrumentation shall consist of a load cell
(transducer) and other amplification, filtration and recording equipment as necessary to meet
the additional requirements of this section. The load cell shall be attached securely to the
anchorage or anchorage connector on the test structure. It shall be capable of registering
momentary peak loads up to 5,630 lb (25kN). The recording data channel shall have a minimum
sampling rate of 1,000 samples per second and an active frequency response band up to a
corner frequency of 100 Hz plus 1/2 dB minus 3 dB.
4.1.5 Quick-Release Mechanism. The quick-release mechanism shall meet the requirements
of ANSI/ASSP Z359.7.
4.1.6 Static Tensile Test Equipment. The static tensile test equipment shall pull at a uniform
rate of not greater than 3 in. per minute (76mm per minute) and shall measure force within an
accuracy ± 3% of the specified load.
4.1.7 Test Specimens. Test specimens for qualification testing shall be new and in unused
condition and identical to a unit from a regular production lot of a given product model. They
shall conform in all respects to the manufacturer’s specifications for the model to be tested.
4.1.8 Determination of Free Fall Distance. The rigidity of the specific test frame will influence
the maximum arrest force. For the specific test frame, the free fall distance shall be determined
by test dropping the test weight, attached to the test lanyard by steel shackles only, starting with
a free fall of 6 in. (152mm) and working up until a maximum arrest force of between 5,000 lb
(22.2kN) and 5,405 lb (24kN) is reached. The maximum arrest force determined in this way
shall be recorded and the free fall distance shall be used to test samples. When determining the
free fall distance to be used for the dynamic test for the transverse body loading an arrest force
of between 3,600 lb (16kN) and 3,888 lb (17kN) shall be reached.
4.1.9 Test Fixture Pins. For tests described in 4.2.1.1.1, 4.2.1.1.4 and 4.2.1.2, steel test fixture
pins shall be used to apply a static load to snaphook connectors, carabiners and rings. The pins
shall have a round cross section and be no greater than the throat opening of the snaphook or
carabiner and have a maximum 0.787 in. (20mm) diameter. If used against a flat section the pin
shall be of rectangular cross section no greater than 90% of the inside width of the member
against which it is to be used.
For tests described in 4.2.1.1.2 and 4.2.1.1.3, fixture pins used for gate face and side load
testing shall be rigid and rounded at the point of contact and be 0.394 in. (10mm) wide (see
Figure 4).
4.1.10 Test Fixtures
4.1.10.1 The test fixture designed to hold a connector being tested in accordance with 4.2.1.1.2
and 4.2.1.1.3 shall be rigid and designed to hold the connector firmly and be clear of the rivets
forming part of the gate (see Figures 4 and 5).
4.1.10.2 The test fixture designed to hold a connector being tested in accordance with 4.2.1.1.5
and 4.2.3.4 shall be rigid and designed to hold the connector firmly and be clear of the rivets
forming part of the gate. The post that is used to locate the bowl of the specimen shall have a
14
diameter of 1 in. (25.4mm). The underside edge of the top plate that comes in contact with the
part being tested shall have a 0.04 in. (1mm) radius.
NOTE: Reference Figure 13.
4.2 Component, Constituent and Element Testing
4.2.1 Connector Qualification Testing
4.2.1.1 Snaphook and Carabiner Testing
4.2.1.1.1 Tensile Testing of Snaphook and Carabiner Bodies. Submit the snaphook or
carabiner body to a test load of 5,000 lb (22.2kN) between its two bearing points. The time to
reach the force shall be greater than one minute in order to avoid dynamic effects. Maintain the
test force for a minimum period of one minute and evaluate the condition of the connector in
accordance with 3.1.3.1.
NOTE See Figure 3.
4.2.1.1.2 Gate Face Testing of Snaphook and Carabiner. Position the snaphook or carabiner
in the clamping fixture such that the outside face of the gate is generally parallel to the test bed
and the gate’s motion is perpendicular to the test bed. Using a rigid bar as shown in Figure 4,
apply a load perpendicular to the face of the gate at a point as close to the nose of the
snaphook or carabiner body as possible. The load shall be applied at a constant rate not greater
than 3 in./minute (76 mm/min) until the required test load of 3,600 lb (16kN) is reached. Maintain
the test load for a minimum period of one minute. While the load is applied, measure the
distance of gate separation from the snaphook or carabiner nose at the point of minimum
clearance and compare the test results to the requirements set forth in 3.1.3.2.
NOTE: See Figure 4.
4.2.1.1.3 Side Load Testing of Snaphook and Carabiner Gates. Position the snaphook or
carabiner in the clamping fixture such that the opening motion of the gate is generally parallel to
the test bed and the snaphook or carabiner is supported above the test bed from each end.
Apply the test load at a point midway between the nose and gate hinge at a constant rate not
greater than 3 in./minute (76 mm/min) until the required test load of 3,600 lb (16kN) is reached.
Maintain the test load for a minimum period of one minute. Remove the load and compare the
test results to the requirements set forth in 3.1.3.3.
NOTE: See Figure 5.
4.2.1.1.4 Minor Axis Testing of Snaphook and Carabiner Gates. Position the snaphook or
carabiner in the clamping fixture such that the inside face of the gate is generally parallel to the
test bed and the gate’s motion is perpendicular to the test bed (see Figure 6). Apply the test
load at a constant rate not greater than 3 in./minute (76 mm/min) until the required test load of
3,600 lb (16kN) is reached. Compare the test results to the requirements as set forth in 3.1.3.4.
NOTE: See Figure 6. If a part design prevents internal loading, then the part can be
considered as exempt from the minor axis testing. See 3.1.3.4 for exemption details.
4.2.1.1.5 Static transverse body loading of snaphook and carabiner with gate openings greater
than 1 in. (25.4mm).
a) Locate the clamping fixture specified in 4.1.10.2 to the base of the tensile testing machine in
a position and at an angle approximately as shown in Figure 13.
b) Place the bowl of the specimen snaphook or carabiner over the pin of the fixture.
c) Attach one end of the test lanyard 4.1.3.2 to the eye of the specimen.
15
d) Attach the other end of the test lanyard to the load cell.
e) Take up most of the slack in the test lanyard by moving the crosshead of the testing
machine.
f) Make a final adjustment to the position and angle of the clamping fixture and secure the
fixture to the test machine.
g) Ensure that the top plate of the fixture is positioned such that the underside edge of the top
plate is at a point on the specimen 1/8 in. (3.2mm) maximum from the free end of the gate
when the gate is in the open position (see Figure 13).
h) Ensure that the gate of the specimen closes and locks.
i) Apply the load at a rate of 3 in. per minute (76 mm/min) so as to prevent any dynamic
effects.
j) Maintain the 3,600 lb (16kN) test load for 1 minute and assess the specimen against 3.1.3.5.
NOTE: See Figure 13.
4.2.1.2 Tensile Testing of D-Rings, O-Rings and Oval Rings. Submit the connectors to an
internally applied test load of 5,000 lb (22.2kN) in the manner shown in Figure 7. The time to
reach the test load shall be greater than one minute in order to avoid dynamic effects. Maintain
the test load for a minimum period of one minute and evaluate the connector in accordance with
3.1.4.
4.2.1.3 Tensile Testing of Buckles and Adjusters. Submit the buckle frame or adjuster to an
internally applied test load of 3,372 lb (15kN) in the manner shown in Figure 8. The time to
reach the test load shall be greater than one minute to avoid dynamic effects. Maintain the test
load for a minimum period of one minute and evaluate the connector in accordance with 3.1.5.
Test fixture pins used in loading of buckles shall be as defined in 4.1.9.
4.2.2 Connector Proof Load Testing. Connectors specified in 3.1.6 shall be subjected to
100% proof load verification testing using test fixture pins described in 4.1.9. Time required to
reach the 3,600 lb (16kN) proof load shall be greater than one second. Maintain the proof load
for a period of not less than two seconds. After removal from the test fixture, inspect the
connector in accordance with 3.1.6.
4.2.3 Dynamic Strength Testing
4.2.3.1 Abrasion Conditioning. Before the dynamic test described in 4.2.3.3, each sample
shall be conditioned as follows:
a) The test sample shall be placed with its inside section against a 3/8-inch (10mm) hexagonal
steel bar, ASTM A108, UNS G10180, cold drawn and case hardened to RC 58 – 60 to a
depth of 0.031 in (0.8mm).
b) On the other end of the test sample, a weight of 4.4 lb (2kg) shall be suspended for the
duration of the test (see Figure 10).
c) The hexagonal bar shall rotate against the inside of the test sample for 50,000 revolutions at
a speed not less than 50 times per minute and no more than 75 times per minute.
d) An unused section of the hexagonal bar shall be used to condition each sample.
4.2.3.2 Weather Conditioning. Subsequent to abrasion conditioning, each dynamic strength
test sample (excluding transverse testing samples) shall be weather conditioned in accordance
with 4.2.3.2.1 and, as applicable, 4.2.3.2.2.
16
NOTE: In cases where accelerated weathering is needed, it will be necessary to weather

the sample prior to cold conditioning due to the 5 minute test window needed after cold
conditioning.
4.2.3.2.1 Cold Conditioning. Each dynamic strength test sample (excluding transverse testing
samples) shall be conditioned at -31°F ± 5°F for a minimum of 8 hours and removed no more
than five minutes before testing.
4.2.3.2.2 Accelerated Weathering. Each dynamic test sample made of materials other than
metal or metal alloys shall be subjected for 2,000 hours (1,000 cycles at two hours per cycle) to
the weather conditions set out in Figure 11, using xenon.
4.2.3.3 Dynamic Test Procedure. Snaphooks, carabiners, D-rings, O-rings and oval rings shall
be submitted to the following dynamic drop test:
a) Using the equipment described in 4.1, attach the test lanyard 4.1.3.1 to the specimen and to
the test weight.
b) The horizontal distance between the test weight and the vertical axis of the point of
anchorage at the onset of the drop shall not be greater than 12 in. (305mm).
c) Drop the test weight the free fall distance determined in 4.1.8.
d) Assess the specimens against 3.1.7.
4.2.3.4 Dynamic test procedure for transverse body loading of snaphooks and carabiners with
gate openings larger than 1 in. (25.4mm).
a) Use the equipment described in 4.1, the test lanyard 4.1.3.2 and the clamping fixture
4.1.10.2.
b) Secure the clamping fixture to the drop test structure.
c) Place the bowl of the specimen snaphook or carabiner over the pin of the fixture. Ensure
that the bottom plate of the fixture is positioned such that the underside edge of the bottom
plate is at a point on the specimen 1/8 in. (3.2mm) from the free end of the gate when the
keeper is in the open position (see Figure 13).
d) Ensure that the gate of the specimen closes and locks.
e) Attach one end of the test lanyard 4.1.3.2 to the eye end of the specimen. Attach the other
end of the test lanyard to the test weight.
f) The horizontal distance between the test weight and the vertical axis of the point of
anchorage at the onset of the drop shall be not greater than 12 in. (305mm) (see Figure 15).
Drop the test weight the distance as determined in 4.1.8.
g) Assess the specimen against 3.1.3.6.
5. Marking and Instructions
5.1 General Marking Requirements
5.1.1 Markings shall be in English.
5.1.2 Required markings shall be expected to remain present and legible throughout the
expected life of the component being marked.
17
5.1.3 Any restrictions on the use of such connectors (hardware) shall be marked on the
connectors (hardware) or components, subsystems and systems of which they are an integral
part.
5.2 Specific Marking Requirements
5.2.1 Connectors. Connectors (all components listed in 3.1.6, requiring proof loading as per
this standard, i.e., snaphooks, carabiners, D-rings, O-rings and oval rings) shall be marked to
identify the following:
• Year of manufacture;
• Manufacturer’s identification;
• Markings for connectors shall be sufficient to provide traceability;
• Load rating for major axis of the connector stamped or otherwise permanently marked on
the device, minimum 5,000 lb (22kN);
• Load rating for gate stamped or otherwise permanently marked on the gate mechanism;
• For connectors that are non-integral part (non-captive eye), then “ANSI Z359.12-XX” (“XX”
denotes year of standard) is required.
NOTE Additional markings may be provided by the manufacturer as deemed necessary.
5.2.2 Connectors Used as Adjusters. Connectors (all components other than those listed in
5.2.1, i.e., buckles, oval rings used as adjusters and adjusters) shall be marked to identify the
following:
• Year of manufacture;
• Manufacturer’s identification;
• Markings for connectors shall be sufficient to provide traceability;
• Load rating.
5.3 Specific Instruction Requirements
5.3.1 Connectors. Instructions for connector components supplied separately to the user which
are not integral to the product (i.e., are removable from the product) shall include:
• The material used in the connector construction;
• The size of the connector and dimensions affecting its compatibility with objects to which it
may be connected;
• The need to make only compatible connections and limitations of compatibility;
• Proper method of coupling the connector and checking that it is closed and locked;
• The minimum strength of the connector body when loaded in the direction set forth in the
applicable sections of this standard;
• The minimum strength of carabiner and snaphook gates when loaded in the directions set
forth in 3.1.3.
18
6. User Inspection, Maintenance and Storage

6.1 Inspection
Connecting components for personal fall arrest systems (PFAS) shall be inspected by the user
before each use in accordance with ANSI/ASSP Z359.2. When the inspection reveals defects
in, damage to or inadequate maintenance, the equipment shall be permanently removed from
service.
6.2 Maintenance and Storage
Maintenance and storage of equipment shall be conducted by the user’s organization in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Unique issues, which may arise due to
conditions of use, shall be addressed with the manufacturer. The manufacturer’s instructions
shall be retained for reference.
NOTE: Maintenance refers to any act of cleaning, repair, resetting, etc. of equipment. An
example of a unique issue may be heavy soiling of an article by a substance not addressed
in the manufacturer’s instructions.
6.2.1 Hardware which is in need of or scheduled for maintenance shall be tagged as unusable
and removed from service.
6.2.2 Hardware shall be stored in a manner as to preclude damage from environmental factors
such as excessive moisture and chemicals.
NOTE: Hardware which is damaged or in need of maintenance should not be stored in the
same area as usable equipment. Prior to using equipment which has been stored for long
periods of time, a detailed inspection should be performed by a competent person. Heavily
soiled, wet or otherwise contaminated equipment should receive proper maintenance (e.g.,
drying and cleaning) prior to storage.
7. Equipment Selection
7.1 Snaphooks and carabiners shall be compatibly matched to their associated connector to
reduce the possibility of forced rollout. Snaphooks and carabiners shall be securely closed and
locked once coupled to an associated connector. Snaphooks and carabiners shall not be
connected to each other unless specifically designed for such connections. Large gated hooks
shall not be used for connections to the body.
NOTE: While connectors which are compliant with ANSI/ASSP Z359.12 reduce the
possibility or risk of failure as a result of incompatible connections, they do not eliminate it.
Multiple connections into a single ring are not recommended (i.e., two snaphooks;
snaphook and webbing; snaphook and carabiner). Snaphooks and carabiners, which are
not compatible with each other, as well as snaphook-to-snaphook connections, may cause
forced rollout.
8. References
When referred to herein, the specific references cited below (inclusive of the revision
designated) shall be applied. If any of the listed references is revised or is obsoleted by its
issuer, the specific reference cited below shall continue to apply to this standard unless and until
this standard is officially amended.
8.1 ASTM B117, Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
8.2 MIL-W-83420E, Military Specification: General Specifications for Wire Rope, Flexible, for
Aircraft Control
19
8.3 ANSI/ASSP Z359.0, Definitions and Nomenclature Used for Fall Protection and Fall Arrest
8.4 ANSI/ASSP Z359.7, Qualification and Verification Testing of Fall Protection Products
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END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
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ASSP STANDARDS
| Driving improved performance
ASSP is a leader in the evolution of voluntary occupational safety

and health standards that reflect recognized best practices, both
in the United States and internationally. ASSP offers a variety of
standards that will improve productivity, increase efficiency, reduce
cost and minimize risk. Visit www.assp.org/standards for more
information and to purchase standards.
• Confined Space-Z117
• Construction & Demolition-A10
• Fall Protection-Z359
• Fleet/Motor Vehicles-Z15
• Lockout, Tagout & Alternative Methods-Z244
• Machine Guarding-B11
• OSH Management-Z10, ISO 45001
• OSH Training-Z390, Z490
• Personal Protective Equipment
• Prevention Through Design-Z590.3
• Risk Management-ISO 31000
• Ventilation Systems-Z9
• Walking/Working Surfaces-A1264
• Work/Aerial Platforms-A92
Z359_12_2019

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ANSI/ASSP Z359.

American National Standard

American Society of Safety Professionals

Approved June 5, 2019

Effective July 6, 2020

American National Standards Institute

Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn

Published June 2019 by

American Society of Safety Professionals

Copyright ©2019 by American Society of Safety Professionals

No part of this publication may be reproduced

Printed in the United States of America

Organization Represented Name of Representative

Subgroup Z359.12 had the following members:

Tim Accursi, Chair

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z359.12

1. Scope, Purpose, Applications, Exceptions and Interpretations

NOTE: In cases where accelerated weathering is needed, it will be necessary to weather

6. User Inspection, Maintenance and Storage

IMPORTANT - READ CAREFULLY BEFORE DOWNLOADING OR COPYING TO YOUR COMPUTER

ASSP is a leader in the evolution of voluntary occupational safety

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