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Ebf > 5:y
Bfamfr > Jfhe`f
Yelf > \erewed Oiea
Emmrfss >e!ot
Oatr&m#lto&a,
x 5: yfer c`m jfhe`f, afw`y herrofm `ovoab wotg gusieam jrch Depot wgc scubgt lcasu`t muf tc
rflurrfat eimchoae` peoa esscloetfm wotg gfhetfhfsos.
gfhetfhfsos. \gf os aca-gypfrtfasovf, aca-moeiftol,
aca-estghetol, au``opercus wotg ac acwa gostcry cj bestrotos. \gf wes ei`f tc mc eltovotofs cj
meo`y `ovoab oamfpfamfat`y wotgcut myspafe cr fesy jetobeio`oty.
jetobeio`oty.
%-of" %&h!`eoat
!gf gostcry cj prfsfat o``afss stertfm t-rff yfers eb& "#5$, procr tc lcasu`t wgfa petofat
petofat
fxpfrofalfm rflurrfat eimchoae` peoa. %t wes mfslroifm es summfa casft, sgerp eam sfvfrf eam
et tohfs s&uff'oab oa lgereltfr wotg e peoa slcrf cj ()5#, oaotoe``y `cle`o'fm cvfr tgf `fjt `cwfr
&uemreat cj eimchfa, spflojole``y et uhio`ole` eam gypcbestrol rfboca , cllesocae``y remoetoab
tc tgf `fjt o``oel rfboca , `estoab jcr e 5* hoautfs tc 5 gcur et tohfs. !gf peoa wes rf`ofvfm wotg
ifmrfst eam wotg es es affmfm oatef cj
cj perelftehc` tei`ft.
tei`ft. !gf eimchoae`
eimchoae` peoa wes cllesocae``y
cllesocae``y
ellchpeaofm iy uamcluhfatfm jfvfr jurtgfrhcrf sgf l`eoh tgf jfvfr usue``y wotg ac lgo``s eam
robcr. +uroab tgos tohf, sgf wes wcroab
wcroab es e ieiysottfr oa cgcr egru wotg gfr sostfr
sostfr eam calf
rusgfm tc aferfst fmole` /fatfr muf tc ea fposcmfs cj sfvfrf eimchoae` peoa eam esscloetfm
wotg gfhetfhfsos. %t wes tgf jorst fposcmfs cj gfr gfhetfhfsos. !gf i`ccm wes hercca rfm oa
lc`cr. !gf &ueatotoy wes twc twc spccaju`. %t wes e`sc lcaafltfm wotg aeusfe eam vchotoab ejtfr
ejtfr
tgf gfhetfhfsos. !gf vchotoab wes aca i`ccmy eam eam aca io`ocus es wf``. !gf lcasu`t wes
mcaf et tget tohf eam trfetfm es cut petofat eam prfslroifm ;erelftehc` ,jfvfr hfmoloaf eam
lcubg syrup. !gf jfvfr suisomfs iut tgf eimchoae` peoa wes oatfrhottfat ebeoa.
yfer `etfr "#5*, tgf pfrsostfalf
pfrsostfalf cj tgf hfatocafm syhptchs bct wcrsfa, sgf gem rflurrfat
eimchoae` peoa eam e`sc hu`top`f fposcmfs cj gfhetfhfsos
gfhetfhfsos wgolg tgf &ueatoty cj i`ccm
bremue``y oalrfesfm tc " tc $ spccaju` eam ot wes herrca oa lc`cr. \gf mom act lerf jcr eay
trfethfat eam. 9c rflcrms cj eay cj tgf moebacstols mcaf wfrf hfatocafm.
hfatocafm. \gf tcc uarfle``fm
hfmoletocas jcr tgf eimchoae` peoa jrch eam tgf peoa rf`ofvfr wes lcatoaufm es sgf affmfm.
``fbfm`y,
``fbfm`y, sgf actolfm sgf wo`` gevf tgf peoa ifjcrf cr ejtfr gfr hfe`. !gf peoa sfvfroty wo``
e`sc oalrfesfs oj sgf etf spoly jccm. <cwfvfr, syhptchs
syhptchs rflurrfm eam iflehf hcrf jrf&ufat
muroab wgfrf sgf wcrfm oa =ehcus efry gfrf et Depot eam sgf wcu`m tef peoa rf`ofvfrs
wgolg ejjcrmfm tfhpcrery rf`ofj.
!wc
!wc hcatgs procr tc lcasu`t, tgf syhptchs wcrsfafm wotg emmotocae` joamoabs cj i`ccm oa
jflfs. \gf mfslroifm ot wes
wes irobgt rfm oa lc`cr. t tgos tohf
tohf ,tgrff meys ebc procr tc gfr
emhossoca ,petofat fxpfrofalfm fesy jetobeio`oty, bfafre`o'fm
bfafre`o'fm icmy he`eosf eam treuheto'fm iy
rflfat fposcmfs cj gfhetfhfsos wgolg hessovf ercuam ( spccaju` oa &ueatoty eam eactgfr
fposcmfs cj i`ccm oa jflfs. \gf lcasu`tfm iy e pgysoloea
pgysoloea oa <cspote` fser Depot eam sgf wes
wes
tgfa emvosfm tget rf&uorf gcspote`o'etoca oa mostrolt <cspote` \oiu eam famcslcpy hust if mcaf.
;etofat tgfa mflomfm tc lcasu`t et tgf <cspote` \oiu es rfjfrrfm.
!gos os petofat?s jorst lcajorhfm emhossoca. s actolfm ifjcrf sgf gem lgrcaol eimchoae` peoa
eam wotg ot esscloetfm syhptchs oa tgf pest eam trfetfm es cut petofat. >tgfrwosf tgfrf os ac
sobaojolealf cj surbole` gostcry jcr gfr.
Mr#b eam J&&m e``frby>
9c sfasotovoty
sfasotovoty rfeltoca tc eay sustfaealf
sustfaealf eam mrub actfm.
actfm.
Moft .ost&ry>
<fr meo`y oatef cj jccm heoa`y lcasost cj vfbftei`fs wgolg sgf `of tc fet. \gf wo`` lcasuhf
hfet twolf cr hcrf oa e wff.
\gf `ofs jrofm jccm eam e`sc spoly jccm.
9fastr#e` .ost&ry>
\gf elgofvf gfr hfaerlgf et ebf cj 5".
<fr hfastrue` lyl`f erf lcasteat`y rfbu`er rfberm`fss cj gfr stchelg peoa. \gf mca?t gevf eay
prfhfastrue` speshs
speshs muroab gfr pfrocm,
pfrocm, sgf l`eohfm gfr hfasfs
hfasfs pfrocm erf * meys wgolg tgf
pem wo`` lchp`ftf`y
lchp`ftf`y mcusfm jcr tgf oaotoe`
oaotoe` twc meys. <fr
<fr ffp bcoab hfastrue` pfrocm ifbea ca
":-4-"#5:.
Jeho`y .ost&ry>
9erotoe` .ost&ry>
\gf ust rflfat`y herofm $ hcatgs procr.
<fr gusieam os $5 yfers cj ebf wcroab es e lerpfatfr eam hcatg tc hcatg bfts ercuam 0
"###, wgolg emf&uetf jcr tgfh.
!gfy `ovoab oa `cab gcusf wotg e `fbotohetf ellfss cj pcwfr eam wetfr supp`y.
\gf mcat uto`o'f eay lcatrelfptoca ifjcrf eam acw. !gfrf wes ac gostcry cj mysperfuaoe.
\gf os au``opercus.
3ote`
3ote` sobas erf es if`cw 6
!fhpfr
hpfret
etur
urff 6 $:.
$:.(
( K/
K/
`ccm prfssurf 6 5"#)E# hh<b
;u`sf 6 I: ifet pfr hoautf,
hoautf, bccm vc`uhf, rfbu`er rgytgh.
0fsporetcry retf 6 "# irfetgs pfr hoautf
Eim&hoae` fxehoaeto&a
>a oaspfltoca, tgf eimchfa sgepf wes acrhe`, j`et eimchfa eam hcvfs wotg rfsporetoca. !gfrf wes ac
surbole` sler, ac mo`etfm vfoa, ac vosoi`f pu`setoca eam pfroste`sos actfm .
>a `obgt pe`potetoca, gfr eimchfa wes scjt eam tfamfr et tgf `fjt `cwfr &uemreat, spflojole``y et `fjt
gypcbestrol
gypcbestrol eam `fjt o``oel
o``oel rfbocas. !gfrf os ac buermoab
buermoab eam rficuam
rficuam tfamfrafss
tfamfrafss prfsfat.
prfsfat. >a mffp
pe`petoca, tgfrf wes tfamfrafss ca tgf sehf petgc`cbole` erfe wotg ac gfpetcsp`fachfbe`y . ctg
omafys wfrf act ie``ctei`f.
\gome ae +oea afw`y wfmmfm ycuab `emy, wf`` iuo`t. ;rfsfatfm wotg gfhetfhfsos esscloetfm wotg
rfpftotovf
rfpftotovf gostcry
gostcry cj eimchoae` peoa jcr e `cab tohf fer`ofr , $ yfers procr.
procr. 0f&uorf
0f&uorf gcspote`o'e
gcspote`o'etoca
toca
prchpt`y jcr jurtgfr fxehoaetoca es rfjfrrfm jrch <cspote` Depot. LotgLotg e pcsotovf moslcvfrofs ca
pgysole` fxehoaetoca , sulg es eimchfa tfamfrafss ca pe`petoca et tgf `fjt `cwfr &uemreats.
\gf os e cllesocae` mroafr yft mcat gevf eay fssfatoe`s pest hfmole` eam surbole` gostcry. \gf `cvfs tc
fet spoly eam jrofm jccm wgolg usue``y trobbfr gfr eimchoae` peoa. +fspotf tgf jelt cj gfr peoa slcrf
wes ust ()5# tgf hcst fxtrfhf es sgf mfslroifm iut ot hobgt ifleusf cj tgf peoa o``fr sgf tcc es sgf
affmfm tget hey hohol tgf rfe` peoa slcrf tget verofs.
[r&/oso&ae` Moeba&sos>
y prcvosocae` moebacsos erf uppfr bestrcoatfstoae` i`ffmoab sflcamery tc pfptol u`lfr mosfesf
es hy petofat \gome wes lcaspolucus iy jc``cwoab syhptchs , rflurrfat eimchoae` peoa eam
jfw fposcmfs cj gfhetfhfsos wgolg wotg bremue` oalrfesf cj tgf &ueatoty.
fsomfs Mppfr bestrcoatfstoae`
bestrcoatfstoae` i`ffmoab hey ifleusf cj heay rfescas wgolg wcu`m bovf e
lcup`f cj mojjfrfatoe` eae`ysos es o stetf uamfrafetg. % hobgt weat tc mc jurtgfr oavfstobetoca tc
wgolg wo`` `fem tc joaosg up hy hcst `of`y moebacsos oatc e lcal`usoca wotg e strcab fvomfalf
tc suppcrt ot .
Mo""frfatoe` Moeba&sos>
-pest u`lfrs os
lchhca4 oabfstoca cj • (.f`ol&ieltfr !y`&ro
jccm cjtfa treasofat`y
ohprcvfs eimchoae` sfr&`&by &r irfet-
peoa tfst> pcsotovf
pcsotovf jcr G
jcr G
py`cro
- lcjjff-brcuam
fhfsos eam
gfhetfhfsos erf vfry
lchhca
Cfscpgebfe` -oatrevfacus mrub usf -stobhete cj lgrcaol -uppfr BO
verolfs tget lcu`m `fem tc `ovfr mosfesf erf cjtfa famcslcpy
lgrcaol gfpetotos prfsfat (CBM)>morflt
(CBM)> morflt
lgrcaol e`lcgc`osh cr # $euamolf vosue`osetoca cj tgf
lorrgcsos sgcu`m gfpetchfbe`y verolfs
ohhfmoetf`y ercusf sp`fachfbe`y eslotfs
suspolocas cj pcrte` -L] slea/pcrte`
gypfrtfasoca eam tgus eabocbrepgy#lea
eabocbrepgy #lea
verolfs! sgcw lc``etfre` vfoas
-verolfe` i`ffms cjtfa eam rfleae`osfm
`fem tc iros" uhio`ole` vfoa
gfhetfhfsos
-treas$ubu`er
oatregfpetol
pcrtcsystfhol sguat
(%O&\) prclfmurf# tc
mflchprfss
oatreltei`f
cfscpgebfe` verolfe`
i`ffmoab
Oa/fstobeto&a >
(./gfst B-rey
∙ 9crhe`
• %&eb#`eto&a [r&"o`f(a&rhe`
Yfs#`t A&rhe` reabf Yfherds
;rctgrchioa tohf 5$."# 5# J 5( sflcams 9crhe`
ltovetfm ;ertoe` "#.# "# J $* sflcams 9crhe`
!grchicp`estoa
!ohf
• F/7
-9crhe` soaus rgytgh
Joae` Moeba&sos>
Mppfr 7estrcoatfstoae` i`ffmoab sflcamery tc pfptol u`lfr mosfesf wotg lcajorhfm <f`olcieltfr
;y`cro oajfltoca.
9eaebfhfat &" t-f !etofat iesfm &a t-f .&s!ote` \oi# >
Mppfr bestrcoatfstoae` 8M7%1 i`ffmoab os e lchhca leusf cj hcriomoty eam hcrte`oty ehcab
uriea mwf``frs oa e`eysoe. +fspotf emvealfhfats oa famcslcpy eam pgerhelc`cby oa tgf
trfethfat cj pfptol u`lfr mosfesf, tgf hcst jrf&ufat leusf cj sulg i`ffmoab, tgf cvfre``
hcrte`oty ges rfheoafm lcasteat. !gos os muf tc ea oalrfesf oa tgf prcpcrtoca cj f`mfr`y petofats
mfvf`cpoab lchp`oletocas cj pfptol u`lfr mosfesf. s sulg, fer`y moebacsos, systfhetol
heaebfhfat eam rfbu`er jc``cw-up voe famcslcpy erf vote`.
prcspfltovf
prcspfltovf rflcrms cj M7% i`ffmoab oavc`voab petofats wes mcluhfatfm oa twc surbole`
werms cj tgf bcvfrahfat uaot, \oiu <cspote` iftwffa eauery "#5: tc >ltcifr "#5:. `` lesfs
ebfm 5" yfers eam eicvf emhottfm jcr gfhetfhfsos cr he`efae sflcamery tc ea uppfr
bestrcoatfstoae`
bestrcoatfstoae` leusf, tget os, prcxohe` tc tgf mucmfac-fuae` j`fxurf, wfrf oal`umfm oa tgf
stumy. ``
`` petofats uamfrwfat cfscpgebcbestrcmucmfacslcpy
cfscpgebcbestrcmucmfacslcpy 8>7+\1 tc lcal`umf tgf leusfs.
!gf scurlf cj mcluhfatetoca erf jrch emhossoca rflcrms cj \urbole` Lerm Lerm \oiu <cspote`.
crfcvfr tgf pfe, tgf hcst f`fvetfm fposcmfs wfrf rflcrmfm ca hcatg eauery $" petofats
85:.*N1 eam tgf sflcam wfrf ca uaf "E petofats 85$.4N1. tt tgf sehf tohf gobg M7% wfrf
actfm oa ictg he`f eam jfhe`f ca tget pertolu`er hcatgs. esfm ca tgos ots gobg`y subbfstovf
schf u`tohetf veroei`fs tget lcu`m if trobbfr hcrf lcu`m if tgf jfstovf pfrocms cj /grosthes
eam 7eweo wgolg tgf hecroty cj \ereweoea lf`firetfs
lf`firetfs gfrf.
7fauoaf lfrteoatofs tgf hecroty cj tgfh lf`firetf wotg gobg lcasuhptoca cj e`lcgc` ifvfrebf,
jurtgfrhcrf wotg gobg oatef cj jrofm eam ierifluf bro`` sustfaealf tcbftgfr. !gos wo`` hcrf
prchoafat oalrfhfat tgf ros cj cj M7%.
!gf ctgfr hecr prfmospcsoab jeltcr tc M7% i`ffmoab epert jrch e`lcgc` eam shcoab wes mrub
oatef. 9\%+s, tremotocae` mrub tgfrepy, eatolcebu`eats
eatolcebu`eats eam stfrcoms wfrf oa usf iy petofats oa
tgos stumy. 9\%+s eam esporoa erf ifoab oalrfesoab`y fhp`cyfm oa tgf heaebfhfat cj ertgrotos,
lfrfircveslu`er mosfesf eam lcrcaery ertfry mosfesf.
[f!tol ;`lfr Mosfesf>
;fptol u`lfr mosfesf rfprfsfats e sfrocus hfmole` prci`fh. %atfrfstoab`y, tgcsf et tgf gobgfst
ros cj lcatreltoab pfptol u`lfr mosfesf erf tgcsf bfafretocas icra ercuam tgf homm`f cj tgf "#tg
lfatury. M`lfr
M`lfr mosfesf ges iflchf e mosfesf prfmchoaeat`y ejjfltoab tgf c`mfr pcpu`etoca, wotg
tgf pfe oalomfalf cllurroab iftwffa ** eam :* yfers cj ebf. %a hfa, mucmfae` u`lfrs wfrf
hcrf lchhca tgea bestrol u`lfrs2 oa wchfa, tgf lcavfrsf wes jcuam tc if truf. !gorty-jovf
pfrlfat cj petofats
petofats moebacsfm wotg bestrol
bestrol u`lfrs wo``
wo`` sujjfr sfrocus
sfrocus lchp`oletocas.
lchp`oletocas. `tgcubg
`tgcubg
hcrte`oty retfs jrch pfptol u`lfr mosfesf erf `cw, tgf gobg prfve`falf eam tgf rfsu`toab peoa,
sujjfroab, eam fxpfasf erf vfry lcst`y. M`lfrs lea mfvf`cp oa tgf fscpgebus, stchelg cr
mucmfauh, et tgf herboa cj e bestrcfatfrcstchy,
bestrcfatfrcstchy, oa tgf fuauh, oa c``oabfrF``osca syamrchf,
eam oa esscloetoca wotg e flf`?s movfrtolu`uh lcateoaoab fltcpol bestrol hulcse. ;fptol u`lfr
mosfesf os caf cj sfvfre` moscrmfrs cj tgf uppfr bestrcoatfstoae` trelt tget os leusfm, et `fest
pertoe``y,
pertoe``y, iy bestrol
bestrol elom. ;etofats
;etofats wotg pfptol u`lfr
u`lfr mosfesf hey
hey prfsfat wotg e reabf cj
syhptchs, jrch ho`m eimchoae` moslchjcrt tc letestrcpgol pfrjcretoca eam i`ffmoab.
\yh!t&hs
cst petofats wotg pfptol u`lfr mosfesf prfsfat wotg eimchoae` moslchjcrt, peoa cr aeusfe. !gf
peoa os `cletfm oa tgf fpobestrouh eam usue``y mcfs act remoetf.
remoetf. <cwfvfr,
<cwfvfr, tgfsf
tgfsf syhptchs erf
afotgfr sfasotovf acr spflojol. ;eoa remoetoab tc tgf iel hey subbfst tget ea u`lfr ges
pfaftretfm pcstfrocr`y,
pcstfrocr`y, cr tgf peoa hey if pealrfetol
pealrfetol oa croboa.
croboa. ;eoa remoetoab tc tgf robgt uppfr
&uemreat hey subbfst mosfesf cj tgf be``i`emmfr cr io`f mults. ;etofats hey mfslroif tgf peoa cj
pfptol u`lfr es iuraoab cr baewoab, cr es guabfr
guabfr peoas s`cw`y iuo`moab
iuo`moab up jcr 5J" gcurs, tgfa
bremue``y mflrfesoab. Msf cj eateloms hey prcvomf tfhpcrery rf`ofj. /`essole``y,
/`essole``y, bestrol u`lfr
peoa os ebbrevetfm iy hfe`s, wgfrfes
wgfrfes tgf peoa cj mucmfae` u`lfrs os rf`ofvfm
rf`ofvfm iy hfe`s. <falf,
<falf,
petofats wotg bestrol
bestrol u`lfrs tfam
tfam tc evcom jccm eam prfsfat
prfsfat wotg wfobgt `css,
`css, wgo`f tgcsf wotg
mucmfae` u`lfrs mc act `csf wfobgt. %t os ohpcrteat tc rfhfhifr tget e`tgcubg tgfsf pettfras erf
typole`, tgfy erf act petgcbachcaol. !gf aeturf cj tgf prfsfatoab syhptchs e`caf mcfs act pfrhot e
l`fer mojjfrfatoetoca iftwffa ifaoba u`lfrs eam bestrol afcp`esh.
Eaet&hy>
!gf stchelg os `cletfm oa tgf uppfr
u ppfr pert cj tgf eimchfa ust ifafetg tgf moepgrebh 8=oburf 51. !gf
stchelg os mostfasoi`f eam ca e jrff hfsfatfry, tgfrfjcrf, tgf so'f, sgepf, eam pcsotoca hey very wotg
pcsturf eam lcatfat. a fhpty stchelg os rcubg`y
rcubg`y tgf so'f cj ea cpfa geam eam wgfa mostfamfm wotg
jccm, lea jo`` hulg cj tgf uppfr eimchfa eam hey mfslfam oatc tgf `cwfr eimchfa cr pf`vos ca
steamoab. !gf mucmfauh fxtfams jrch tgf p y`crus tc tgf `obehfat cj !rfot' oa e sgerp lurvf tget e`hcst
lchp`ftfs e lorl`f. %t os sc aehfm ifleusf ot os eicut f&ue` oa `fabtg tc tgf irfemtg cj 5" joabfrs, cr
eicut "* lh. %t os `erbf`y rftrcpfrotcafe` eam ots pcsotoca os rf`etovf`y joxfm. !gf stchelg ea m mucmfauh
erf l`csf`y rf`etfm oa jualtoca, eam oa tgf petgcbfafsos eam heaojfstetoca cj mosfesf.
!gf stchelg hey if movomfm oatc sfvfa hecr sfltocas. !gf lermoe os e 5J" lh sfbhfat moste` tc tgf
fscpgebcbestrol ualtoca. !gf juamus rfjfrs tc tgf supfrocr pcrtoca cj tgf stchelg tget `ofs eicvf ea
oheboaery gcro'cate` p`eaf tget pessfs tgrcubg tgf fscpg ebcbestrol ualtoca. !gf eatruh os tgf she``fr
moste` caf-jcurtg tc caf-tgorm cj tgf stchelg. !gf aerrcw 5J" lh lgeaaf` tget lcaaflts tgf stchelg
eam mucmfauh os tgf py`crus. !gf `fssfr lurvf rfjfrs tc tgf hfmoe` sgcrtfr icrmfr cj tgf stchelg,
wgfrfes tgf cppcsotf surjelf os tgf brfetfr lurvf. !gf eabu`eros os e`cab tgf `fssfr lurvf cj tgf stchelg
wgfrf tgf icmy eam eatruh hfft, eam os ellfatuetfm muroab pfroste`sos.
!gf mucmfauh fxtfams jrch tgf py`crus tc tgf `obehfat cj !rfot' oa e lorl`f-`of lurvf eam os movomfm
oatc jcur pcrtocas. !gf supfrocr pcrtoca os epprcxohetf`y * lh oa `fabtg, ifboaaoab et tgf py`crus, eam
pessfs ifafetg tgf `ovfr tc tgf afl cj tgf be``i`emmfr. !gf jorst pert cj tgf supfrocr pcrtoca 8"J$ lh1 os
os
tgf mucmfae` iu`i. !gf mfslfamoab cr sflcam pert cj tgf mucmfauh tefs e sgerp lurvf eam bcfs mcwa
e`cab tgf robgt herboa cj tgf gfem cj tgf pealrfes. !gf lchhca io`f mult eam tgf pealrfetol mult fatfr
tgf hfmoe` espflt cj tgos pcrtoca cj tgf mucmfauh et tgf hecr pepo``e fotgfr sfperetf`y cr tcbftgfr. !gf
mucmfauh turas hfmoe``y, iflchoab tgf gcro'cate` pcrtoca, eam pessfs elrcss tgf spoae` lc`uha,
oal`oaoab upwerm jcr *JI lh. !gf eslfamoab pcrtoca ifboas et tgf `fjt cj tgf spoae` lc`uha, eslfamoab
`fjt cj tgf ecrte jcr "J$ lh, eam fams et tgf `obehfat cj !rfot', wgfrf tgf oatfstoaf eab`fs jcrwerm eam
mcwawerm tc iflchf tgf fuauh.
[f!tol ;`lfr Mosfesf> %e#sfs
%aury tc bestrol eam mucmfae` hulcse mfvf`cps wgfa mf`ftfrocus fjjflts cj bestrol elom cvfrwgf`h tgf
mfjfasovf prcpfrtofs cj tgf hulcse. %agoiotoca cj famcbfacus prcsteb`eamoa syatgfsos `fems tc e
mflrfesf oa fpotgf`oe` hulus, iolericaetf sflrftoca, hulcse` i`ccm j`cw, fpotgf`oe` prc`ojfretoca,
prc`ojfretoca, eam
hulcse` rfsostealf tc oaury. Ocwfr hulcse` rfsostealf
rfsostealf oalrfesfs tgf oalomfalf cj
c j oaury iy famcbfacus
jeltcrs sulg es elom, pfpsoa, eam io`f se`ts es wf`` es fxcbfacus jeltcrs sulg es 9\%+s, ftgeac` eam
ctgfr acxocus ebfats .
.f`ol&ieltfr !y`&ro
<. py`cro os tgf ftoc`cbol jeltcr oa hcst petofats wotg pfptol u`lfr mosfesf eam hey prfmospcsf
oamovomue`s tc tgf mfvf`cphfat cj bestrol lerloache. <. py`cro lc`cao'fs oa tgf guhea stchelg
8=oburf *1. !gf hftgcm cj <. py`cro treashossoca os ual`fer, iut sffhs tc if pfrsca-tc-pfrsca sprfem
voe e jfle`-cre` rcutf. !gf prfve`falf cj <. py`cro oa emu`ts eppfers tc if oavfrsf`y rf`etfm tc tgf
sclocflcachol stetus. %t os e`sc tgcubgt tget wetfr os e rfsfrvcor jcr treashossoca cj <. p y`cro.
she`` iut ohpcrteat pfrlfatebf cj petofats gevf emvfrsf bestrcoatfstoae` fvfats esscloetfm wotg
9\%+ usf tget rfsu`ts oa suisteatoe` hcriomoty
hcriomoty eam hcrte`oty.
hcrte`oty. 0os jeltcrs jcr tgf mfvf`cphfat cj
9\%+-esscloetfm bestrol eam mucmfae` u`lfrs oal`umf emvealfm ebf, gostcry cj prfvocus u`lfr
mosfesf, lcalchoteat usf cj lcrtolcstfrcoms eam eatolcebu`eats, gobgfr m csfs cj 9\%+s, eam sfrocus
systfhol moscrmfrs. !gf lcalfpt cj bestrcmucmfae` hulcse` oaury ges fvc`vfm jrch tgf actoca cj
tcpole` oaury tc lcalfpts tget oavc`vf hu`top`f hflgea oshs.
9\%+s oaotoetf hulcse` oaury tcpole``y iy tgfor elomol prcpfrtofs. y mohoaosgoab tgf gymrcpgcioloty
cj bestrol hulus, famcbfacus bestrol elom eam pfpsoa hey oaurf surjelf fpotgf`ouh. \ystfhol fjjflts
cj 9\%+s eppfer tc p`ey e prfmchoaeat rc`f tgrcubg tgf mflrfesfm syatgfsos cj hulcse`
prcsteb`eamoas. !gf prflurscr cj prcsteb`eamoas, erelgomcaol elom, os lete`y'fm
lete`y'fm iy tgf twc lyl`c-
cxybfaesf oscfa'yhfs, lyl`c-cxybfaesf-5 eam lyl`c-cxybfaesf-". !gf bfaf jcr lyl`c-cxybfaesf-5,
tgf gcusfffpoab fa'yhf, heoateoas tgf gchfcstesos cj crbeas. /yl`c-cxybfaesf-", tgf oaj`ehhetcry
fa'yhf, os oamuloi`f. `tgcubg 9\%+s lea oagoiot ictg petgweys, ca`y tgf bfa f jcr lyl`c-
cxybfaesf-" lcateoas e lcrtolcstfrcom-rfspcasovf rfprfsscr f`fhfat.
<. py`cro os prfve`fat ehcab ""J:$N cj petofats teoab 9\%+s. cst stumofs mc act sgcw e
sobaojoleat mojjfrfalf oa <. py`cro prfve`falf iftwffa 9\%+ usfrs eam acausfrs. 7estrotos oa petofats
ca 9\%+ tgfrepy eppfers tc if i f rf`etfm tc uamfr`yoab <. py`cro
p y`cro retgfr tgea mrub usf. !gf `cwfr
oalomfalf cj <. py`cro ehcab petofats wotg bestrol u`lfrs tgea tgcsf wotg mucmfae` u`lfrs os
prfsuhei`y tgf rfsu`t cj 9\%+ usf. 9\%+s erf hcrf hcrf `of`y tc leusf bestrol tgea mucmfae` u`lfrs.
9\%+s eppfer tc leusf u`lfrs iy e hflgeaosh oamfpfamfat cj <. py`cro iesfm ca tgf oagoiotoca cj
prcsteb`eamoa syatgfsos.
!gf l`essol troem cj c``oabfr-F``osca syamrchf oavc`vfs pfptol u`lfrs oa uausue` `cletocas 8o.f., tgf
fuauh1, hessovf bestrol elom gypfrsflrftoca, eam e bestroa-prcmuloab os`ft lf``
lf`` tuhcr cj tgf pealrfes
8bestroache1. 7estroache oa tgf pealrfes eppfers oa epprcxohetf`y *#N cj petofats. actgfr "#N cj
petofats gevf ot oa tgf mucmfauh eam ctgfrs gevf ot oa tgf stchelg, pfropealrfetol `yhpg acmfs, `ovfr,
cvery, cr she``-icwf` hfsfatfry.
c``oabfr-F``osca syamrchf ellcuats jcr ca`y #.5N cj e`` mucmfae` u`lfr mosfesf. >af jcurtg cj petofats
gevf tgos syamrchf es pert cj tgf hu`top`f afcp`esoe syamrchf !ypf % 8F9 %1.
;etofats wotg bestroache hey gevf oatreltei`f u`lfr mosfesf. fleusf bestroa os trcpgol tc tgf bestrol
hulcse, famcslcpy cr x-rey hey
he y mfhcastretf gypfrtrcpgy cj tgf bestrol rubef. ;etofats hey e`sc
fxpfrofalf moerrgfe 8oal`umoab stfetcrrgfe jrch elom oaeltovetoca cj `opesf1 eam bestrcfscpgebfe`
rfj`ux. !gfsf syhptchs erf fposcmol oa E*N cj petofats.
.y!frle`lfhoe
<ypfrle`lfhoe ges e morflt iferoab ca tgf bestrol elom gypfrsflrftcry stetf jcuam oa petofats wotg
c``oabfr-F``osca syamrchf eam F9 %. %atrevfacus le`louh oajusoca oa acrhe` vc`uatffrs oamulfs
bestrol elom gypfrsflrftoca. mmotocae``y, le`louh
le`louh ges iffa mfhcastretfm oa vovc eam
ea m oa votrc tc
stohu`etf bestroa rf`fesf morflt`y jrch bestroaches. 0fsc`utoca cj gypfrle`lfhoe 8iy
peretgyrcomfltchy1 rfmulfs tgf iese` elom cutput eam sfruh bestroa lcalfatretoca oa jestoab bestroache
petofats eam tgcsf wotg F9 %, subbfstoab tget rfsc`utoca cj gypfrle`lfhoe p`eys ea ohpcrteat
ohpcrteat rc`f oa
tgf tgfrepy cj tgos suibrcup cj petofats.
p etofats.
Bfaftol Jelt&rs
7faftol jeltcrs p`ey e rc`f oa tgf petgcbfafsos cj u`lfr mosfesf. !gf `ojftohf prfve`falf cj mfvf`cpoab
u`lfr mosfesf oa jorst-mfbrff rf`etovfs cj u`lfr petofats os eicut tgrff tohfs brfetfr tgea tgf bfafre`
pcpu`etoca. pprcxohetf`y "#J*#N cj mucmfae` u`lfr petofats rfpcrt e pcsotovf
pcsotovf jeho`y gostcry2 bestrol
u`lfr petofats e`sc rfpcrt l`ustfrs cj jeho`y hfhifrs wgc erf `ofwosf ejjfltfm.
\h&doab
!gf `otfreturf rfvfe`s e strcab pcsotovf lcrrf`etoca iftwffa loberfttf shcoab eam tgf oalomfalf cj u`lfr
mosfesf, hcrte`oty, lchp`oletocas, rflurrfalfs eam mf`ey oa gfe`oab
gfe `oab retfs. \hcfrs erf eicut twc tohfs
hcrf `of`y tc mfvf`cp u`lfr mosfesf tgea acashcfrs. /oberfttf shcoab eam <. py`cro
p y`cro erf lc-jeltcrs
jcr tgf jcrhetoca cj pfptol u`lfr mosfesf. !gfrf os e strcab esscloetoca if twffa <. py`cro oajfltoca eam
loberfttf shcoab oa petofats wotg eam wotgcut pfptol u `lfrs. /oberfttf shcoab hey oalrfesf
suslfptoio`oty,
suslfptoio`oty, mohoaosg tgf bestrol hulcse` mfjfasovf jeltcrs, cr hey prcvomf e hcrf jevcrei`f ho`ofu
jcr <. py`cro oajfltoca.
\trfss
9uhfrcus stumofs gevf rfvfe`fm lcaj`oltoab lcal`usocas rfbermoab tgf rc`f cj psylgc`cbole` jeltcrs oa
tgf petgcbfafsos eam aeture` gostcry cj pfptol u`lfr mosfesf. !gf rc`f cj psylgc`cbole` jeltcrs os jer
jrch fstei`osgfm. lutf strfss rfsu`ts oa oalrfesfs oa pu`sf retf, i`ccm prfssurf eam eaxofty,
ea xofty, iut ca`y oa
tgcsf petofats wotg mucmfae` u`lfrs mom elutf strfss eltue``y rfsu`t oa sobaojoleat oalrfesfs oa iese` elom
sflrftoca. !gfrf os ac l`fer`y fstei`osgfm @u`lfr-typfH pfrscae`oty. M`lfr petofats typole``y fxgoiot tgf
sehf psylgc`cbole` hefup es tgf bfafre` pcpu`etoca, iut tgfy eppfer tc pfrlfovf brfetfr mfbrffs cj
strfss. %a emmotoca, tgfrf os ac fvomfalf tget mostoalt cllupetocae` jeltcrs oaj`ufalf tgf oalomfalf cj
u`lfr mosfesf.
[f!tol
[f!to l ;`lfr Mosfesf>
Mosfes f> Moeba&sos
Moeba &sos
=/fr/ofw
;fptol u`lfr mosfesf os suspflt oa petofats wotg fpobestrol mostrfss eam peoa2 gcwfvfr, tgfsf syhptchs
erf act spflojol. Oel cj rfspcasf tc lcavfatocae` trfethfat jcr pfptol u`lfr mosfesf sgcu`m subbfst
lcamotocas ctgfr tgea ifaoba pfptol u`lfrs, eam sgcu`m werreat famcslcpy cr eimchoae` oheboab.
Yemo&`&bole` Moeba&sos
erouh x-rey cr uppfr 7% sfrofs os e womf`y eveo`ei`f eam ellfptfm hftgcm tc fstei`osg e moebacsos
cj pfptol u`lfr oa tgf stchelg 8=oburf E1 cr mucmfauh 8=oburf I1.
8ei&ret&ry $f
$fstoab
stoab
;etofats wgc rfspcam tc cptohe` tgfrepy jcr pfptol u`lfr mosfesf mc act rf&uorf spfloe`o'fm tfstoab.
<cwfvfr, tgcsf wotg rfjreltcry 8act gfe`fm ejtfr I wffs cj tgfrepy1 cr rflurrfat mosfesf sgcu`m gevf
sfruh bestroa eam sfruh le`louh hfesurfm tc slrffa jcr bestroache eam hu`top`f famclroaf afcp`esoe
8F91. !gfsf petofats sgcu`m e`sc uamfrbc bestrol elom eae`ysos tc mftfrhoaf wgftgfr tgf u`lfr os
leusfm iy bestrol elom gypfrsflrftoca 8iese` elom cutput fxlffmoab 5# hF&)gr1 cr mflrfesfm hulcse`
prctfltoca.
;etofats wotg rfjreltcry cr rflurrfat pfptol u`lfr mosfesf hey gevf ea uamfr`yoab <f`olcieltfr py`cro
8<. py`cro1 oajfltoca. <ostc`cbole` fxehoaetoca cj iocpsofs cj tgf bestrol eatruh, citeoafm muroab
famcslcpy, os tgf bc`m steamerm jcr moebacsos cj <. py`cro. 0cutoaf`y, <. py`cro os act lu`turfm ifleusf
cj tgf mojjolu`ty brcwoab tgf crbeaosh. \frc`cbol tfsts erf eveo`ei`f, iut
i ut uajcrtuaetf`y, pcsotovf tfst
rfsu`ts oamoletf ca`y pest fxpcsurf eam erf act usfju` jcr mftfrhoaoab oj tgf oajfltoca ges iffa lurfm.
Mrfe irfetg tfsts erf sohp`f eam acaoavesovf, eam gevf iffa usfm tc moebacsf <. py`cro oajfltoca.
fleusf <. py`cro prcmulfs `erbf &ueatotofs cj tgf fa' yhf urfesf, tgfsf irfetg tfsts gevf tgf pctfatoe`
tc if &uotf usfju`. 5$/- eam 5(/-urfe irfetg tfsts cjjfr fxlf``fat moebacstol yof`m. ;etofats oabfst e
sc`utoca lcateoaoab 5$/- cr 5(/-`eif`fm urfe ea m ea fxge`fm irfetg os sehp`fm jcr osctcpf-`eif`fm
/>" rf`fesfm iy oatrebestrol <. py`cro urfesf eltovoty. !gf tfst lea if lchp`ftfm wotgoa "# hoautfs
eam os gobg`y sfasotovf eam spflojol.
Job#rf 5), ;rfe irfet- tfst mftfrhoafs t-f !rfsfalf &" ., !y`&ro,
\frc`cbol tfstoab os ea ellfptfm hftgcm jcr mftfltoca cj <. py`cro. fea `fvf`s cj %b7 eam %b
FO%\ tfsts 8fa'yhf-`oafm ohhuacscrifat essey1 erf sobaojoleat`y gobgfr oa <. py`cro-pcsotovf tgea
oa <. py`cro-afbetovf petofats. \fasotovoty cj tgos sfruh essey os bfafre``y oa tgf reabf cj I#J4*N eam
spflojoloty oa tgf reabf cj E*J4*N.
crf rflfat`y, stcc` eatobfa tfstoab ges fhfrbfm es ea e`tfraetovf aca-oavesovf hfeas cj mftfltoab tgf
prfsfalf cj <. py`cro. !gfsf jfle` esseys gevf iflchf e usfju` tfst, eam rflfat stumofs gevf sgcwa e
sfasotovoty ve`uf cj 4(N wotg spflojoloty iftwffa I:-4"N. =urtgfrhcrf, ot hey if usfm tc feso`y
mcluhfat fremoletoca cj ea <. py`cro oajfltoca oj pfrjcrhfm et `fest jcur wffs ejtfr trfethfat.
am&sl&!ol Moeba&sos
7estrcoatfstoae` famcslcpy e``cws tgf pgysoloea tc vosue`o'f eam iocpsy tgf uppfr bestrcoatfstoae` trelt
oal`umoab tgf fscpgebus, stchelg eam mucmfauh. !gf fatfrcslcpf 8e `cabfr famcslcpf1 e``cws
vosue`o'etoca cj et `fest *#N cj tgf she`` oatfstoaf, oal`umoab hcst cj tgf fuauh eam mojjfrfat mfbrffs
cj tgf o`fuh. +uroab tgfsf prclfmurfs, tgf petofat os bovfa e auhioab ebfat tc gf`p prfvfat bebboab.
;eoa hfmoletoca eam e sfmetovf hey if emhoaostfrfm procr tc tgf prclfmurf. !gf petofat os p`elfm oa tgf
`fjt `etfre` pcsotoca 8=oburf 551.
Famcslcpol iocpsy e`sc eppfers tgf ifst eam hcst elluretf moebacstol hftgcm jcr <. py`cro.
<ostc`cbole` fxehoaetoca wotg steamerm gfhetcxy`oa eam fcsoa steoaoab prcvomfs ea fxlf``fat
hfeas cj moebacsos
%a ea fjjcrt tc spffm up tgf moebacsos cj <. py`cro jc``cwoab e iocpsy cj tgf bestrol hulcse,
urfesf eltovoty ges iffa usfm. ocpsy spflohfas erf p`elfm oa e urfe eam pgfac` rfm sc`utoca cr
bf`. %j urfesf jrch <. py`cro os prfsfat oa tgf spflohfa, urfe os gymrc`y'fm tc rf`fesf ehhcaoe,
oalrfesoab p< oa tgf sc`utoca eam bovoab e poa lc`cr tc tgf bf` cr sc`utoca. t $ gcurs, tgos tfst
ges e sfasotovoty cj 4#N. Msoab tgos tflgao&uf, tgf moebacsos lea if hemf sccafr tgea steamerm
gostcpetgc`cbole` fxehoaetoca.
[f!tol ;`lfr Mosfesf >$-fre!y
=/fr/ofw
cst pfptol u`lfrs gfe` oj bestrol elom prcmultoca os emf&u etf`y supprfssfm. !gf retocae`f ifgoam
tgf trfethfat cj pfptol u`lfr mosfesf os twcjc`m. !gf rfmultoca cj gcsto`f jeltcrs os fssfatoe`, es os
eubhfatetoca cj prctfltovf jeltcrs. ateloms, gostehoaf <"-rflfptcr eatebcaosts, prctca puhp
oagoiotcrs 8f.b., chfpre'c`f, `eascpre'c`f1, eam surbfry sullffm i y afutre`o'etoca cr rfmultoca cj
bestrol elom. \ulre`jetf eam prcsteb`eamoa ebfats iccst hulcse` prctfltoca. !gf fremoletoca cj <.
py`cro oajfltoca rfstcrfs acrhe` hulcse` rfsostealf,
rfsostealf, iut ua`of ctgfr trfethfat cptocas, mcfs act
rf&uorf heoatfaealf tgfrepy tc prfvfat u`lfr
u`lf r rflurrfalf. ;etofats sgcu`m evcom jeltcrs acwa tc
lcatroiutf tc pfptol u`lfr mosfesf, sulg es 9\%+s eam shcoab.
9fmole` $-fre!y
!gf bce` cj tgfrepy jcr pfptol u`lfr mosfesf os tc rf`ofvf syhptchs, gfe` lretfrs, prfvfat
rflurrfalfs, eam prfvfat lchp`oletocas. fmole` tgfrepy sgcu`m oal`umf trfethfat wotg mrubs,
eam ettfhpt tc ellchp`osg tgf jc``cwoab6 51 rfmulf bestrol elomoty iy hflgeaoshs tget oagoiot cr
afutre`o'f elom sflrftoca, "1 lcet u`lfr lretfrs tc prfvfat elom eam pfpsoa jrch pfaftretoab
pfaf tretoab tc tgf
u`lfr iesf, $1 prcvomf e prcsteb`eamoa eae`cb,
ea e`cb, (1 rfhcvf favorcahfate` jeltcrs sulg es 9\%+s
eam shcoab, eam *1 rfmulf fhctocae` strfss 8oa e suisft cj petofats1.
ateloms afutre`o'f bestrol elom eam erf hcrf fjjfltovf tgea p `elfic oa gfe`oab bestrol eam
mucmfae` u`lfrs. <cwfvfr, eateloms gevf tc if tefa oa rf`etovf`y `erbf mcsfs 5 eam $ gcurs
ejtfr hfe`s eam et ifmtohf, eam hey leusf somf fjjflts. !gf hecr somf fjjflt cj hebafsouh-
lcateoaoab eateloms os moerrgfe leusfm iy
i y hebafsouh gymrcxomf.
<ostehoaf <"-rflfptcr eatebcaosts rfmulf bestrol elom prcmultoca iy i`cloab tgf <" rflfptcr ca
tgf perofte` lf`` 8=oburf 5:1. Fxehp`fs cj eveo`ei`f <" i`clfrs usfm tc trfet bestrol eam mucmfae`
u`lfrs oal`umf lohftomoaf, reaotomoaf, jehctomoaf eam ao'etomoaf. !gos brcup cj lchpcuams
fjjfltovf`y mflrfesfs elom sflrftoca. <"-rflfptcr eatebcaosts erf rf`etovf`y sejf. !gf lgcolf cj
mrub sgcu`m if moltetfm iy lcst, mcsoab slgfmu`f, lcavfaofalf, eam pcssoi`f mrub oatfreltocas.
!gf jeho`y cj mrubs acwa es es prctca puhp oagoiotcrs, cr ;;%s, oaeltovetfs tgf perofte` lf``
gymrcbfa-pctessouh !;esf
!;esf `cletfm ca tgf `uhfae` surjelf. !;esf
!;esf elts es e prctca puhp eam
lcastotutfs tgf joae` lchhca petgwey oa tgf sflrftoca cj gymrcbfa ocas. !gos l`ess cj hfmoloafs
os acw lcasomfrfm tgf bc`m steamerm oa hfmole` tgfrepy cj pfptol u`lfr mosfesf. Fxehp`fs cj
eveo`ei`f ;;%s oal`umf chfpre'c`f, `eascpre'c`f, peatcpre'c`f, reifpre'c`f, eam fschfpre'c`f.
%alrfesoab tgf ;;% mcsf lea rfmulf elom sflrftoca tc tgf pcoat cj elg`crgymroe 8uaelgofvei`f iy
<" i`clemf1. !gus, tgf prctca puhp oagoiotcrs erf tgf prohery trfethfat wgfa bestrol
gypfrsflrftoca os rfsosteat tc ctgfr tgfrepofs. ;rctca puhp oagoiotcrs gevf iffa sgcwa tc prfvfat
9\%+-esscloetfm bestrcmucmfae` u`lfrs, eam tc prcvomf e sejf eam fjjfltovf jcrh cj tgfrepy.
tgfrepy.
=urtgfrhcrf, stumofs gevf sgcwa tget ;;%s erf hcrf fjjfltovf tgea <"-rflfptcr eatebc aosts et
trfetoab e`` typfs cj pfptol u`lfr mosfesf.
\ulre`jetf os tgf e`uhoauh se`t cj e su`jetfm mosellgeromf. !gf mrub jcrhs e ierrofr cr lcetoab
cvfr tgf u`lfr lretfr, stohu`etfs prcsteb`eamoa syatgfsos, eam ioams tc acxocus ebfats sulg es io`f
se`ts. `tgcubg
`tgcubg tgf fxelt
f xelt hflgeaosh cj eltoca
el toca os ual`fer, ot eppfers sulre`jetfs stohu`etf
prcsteb`eamoas, wgolg prchctf ohprcvfm hulcse` oatfbroty eam fagealf fpotgf`oe` rfbfafretoca.
fleusf ot rf&uorfs hu`top`f mcsfs pfr mey, petofats erf `fss `of`y tc jc``cw e sulre`jetf rfbohfa
fvfa tgcubg ot ges iffa sgcwa tc if es fjjfltovf es ea <" i`clfr oa gfe`oab ictg mucmfae` eam
bestrol u`lfrs. \ulre`jetf os act eiscrifm systfhole``y, eam ots ca`y rfherei`f somf fjjflt os
lcastopetoca.
oscprcstc` os e prcsteb`eamoa F5 eae`cb tget oalrfesfs hulcse` rfsostealf eam oagoiots elom
sflrftoca tc e hoacr mfbrff. oscprcstc` ges iffa emvcletfm jcr prcpgy`exos cj 9\%+-oamulfm
hulcse` oaury. !gf mrub ges sobaojoleat somf fjjflts, prohero`y ho`m tc hcmfretf moerrgfe, eam os
tcc lcst`y tc if usfm iy hcst petofats ca `cab-tfrh 9\%+s.
!gf supprfssoca cj bestrol elom prcmultoca prchctfs tgf gfe`oab cj pfptol u`lfrs. Majcrtuaetf`y,
oj elom supprfssoca tgfrepy os act heoateoafm, pfptol u`lfrs rfbu`er`y rflur. \oalf tgf `cab-tfrh
lurf cj pfptol u`lfrs ellchpeaofs tgf fremoletoca cj <. py`cro, e`` u`lfrs esscloetfm wotg tgos
oajfltoca sgcu`m if trfetfm wotg tgf eoh cj oajfltoca fremoletoca. `tgcubg <. py`cro os sfasotovf
tc e verofty cj eatoioctols oa votrc, ots geiotet ifafetg tgf bestrol hulcse hefs ot mojjolu`t tc
trfet. !gf croboae` trfethfat bc`m steamerm wes " wffs cj trop`f tgfrepy, oal`umoab ioshutg,
tftrelyl`oaf cr ehcxolo``oa, eam hftrcaome'c`f. Lgfrf lchp`oealf wotg tgos rfbohfa lea if
essurfm, <. py`cro lurf retf os 4#J4*N cr hcrf2 gcwfvfr, "#N cj tgfsf lesfs mfvf`cp somf
fjjflts.
9fwfr sohp`fr rfbohfas gevf iffa mfvf`cpfm eam <. py`cro trfethfat rflchhfametocas erf sto``
fvc`voab. !cmey,
!cmey, tgf lurrfat bc`m steamerm cj tgfrepy os e trop`f lchioaetoca cj
c j mrubs tget
oal`umfs e ;;% 8f.b. chfpre'c`f cr `eascpre'c`f1 p`us ehcxolo``oa eam e afwfr eatoioctol,
l`erotgrchyloa. ``
`` tgrff hfmoloafs erf tc if tefa twolf pfr mey jcr E-5( meys 8prfjfrei`y 5(
meys1. `tfraetovf mrubs hey if cjjfrfm tc tgcsf petofats wotg lfrteoa e``frbofs cr hfmoletoca
oatc`frealfs. ;gysoloeas sgcu`m e`weys cjjfr petofats wotg pfptol u`lfr mosfesf eam lcajorhfm <.
py`cro oajfltoca tgf cptoca cj luretovf tgfrepy.
tgfrepy.
7estrol u`lfrs sgcu`m if rf-fve`uetfm iy hu`top`f famcslcpol i ocpsofs eam lytc`cby tc ru`f cut
bestrol lerloache oj tgfy gevf act gfe`fm ejtfr I wffs cj lcavfatocae` hfmole` tgfrepy. %j ac
he`obaealy os sffa ca iocpsy, ebbrfssovf trfethfat sgcu`m if oastotutfm jcr : wffs tc fremoletf
<. py`cro eam tc supprfss elom wotg ju`` mcsfs cj e prctca puhp oagoiotcr. bestrol u`lfr tget mcfs
act gfe` ejtfr tgos sflcam ebbrfssovf lcursf cj hfmole` tgfrepy hey subbfst uamfr`yoab
he`obaealy, fvfa wotg afbetovf rfpfet iocpsofs. 9ca-gfe`oab bestrol u`lfrs sgcu`m if rfsfltfm
surbole``y.
\urbole` !gfrepy
>vfr tgf pest jfw mflemfs oa tgf Maotfm \tetfs, wf gevf wotafssfm e mfl`oaoab affm jcr surbfry tc
trfet pfptol u`lfr mosfesf.
mosfesf. !gos mfl`oaf hey if fxp`eoafm prohero`y
prohero`y iy tgf womfsprfem
womfsprfem usf cj <"
rflfptcr eatebcaosts, eam acw hcrf rflfat`y, prctca puhp oagoiotcrs. /chp`oletocas sulg es
bestrc
bestrcoat
oatfst
fstoae
oae`` gfhcrr
gfhcrrgebf
gebf,, pfrjcr
pfrjcreto
etoca,
ca, cr bestro
bestroll cut`ft
cut`ft cistru
cistrulto
ltoca
ca rfheoa
rfheoa tgf hecr
hecr
oamoletocas jcr surbole` oatfrvfatoca.
!gf hcst lchhca rfesca jcr surbole` oatfrvfatoca jcr ifaoba bestrol u`lfrs os jeo`urf cj tgf u`lfr
tc lchp`ftf`y gfe` ejtfr ea emf&uetf troe` cj hfmole` cr famcslcpol tgfrepy. ;etofats erf usue``y
bovfa e :-hcatg troe` cj eatosflrftcry ebfats procr tc surbole` lcasu`tetoca. !gf hecr lcalfra
rfbermoab aca-gfe`fm u`lfrs os tgf gobg ros cj uamfr`yoab he`obaealofs.
+uf tc tgf ifaoba aeturf cj mucmfae` u`lfrs, pgysoloeas lea hcaotcr tgf petofatsA rfspcasf tc
hfmole` rfbohfas iy jc``cwoab tgfor syhptchs. Lgfa petofats wotg mucmfae` u`lfrs rf&uorf
surbfry,
surbfry, ot os usue``y caf cj tgrff prclfmurfs6 vebctchy,
vebc tchy, vebctchy wotg eatrfltchy, cr suitcte`
bestrfltchy. 3ebct
3ebctchy
chy e`caf 8wotgcut bestrol rfsfltoca1 hey oavc`vf truale` vebctchy
v ebctchy wotg
mreoaebf, sf`fltovf vebctchy wotg mreoaebf 8=oburf 5 I1, cr prcxohe` bestrol vebctchy e`caf
8wotgcut e mreoaebf prclfmurf1.
Job#rf 5*, atrfltchy eam truale` vebctchy jcr mucmfae` u`lfr wotg o``rctg % eaestchcsos.
Job#rf ), \urbole` tflgao&uf cj py`crcp`esty
py`crcp`esty eam truale` vebctchy.
criomoty rfsu`toab jrch tgf surbole` prclfmurf eam tgf ros cj rflurrfalf cj u`lfrs erf twc hecr
lcasomfretocas. ;rcxohe` bestrol vebctchy os prciei`y tgf hcst prfjfrrfm cj surbole` cptocas
ifleusf tgf py`crus os prfsfrvfm. 0flurrfalf cj u`lfr mosfesf os eicut tgf sehf wotg e`` tgrff
typfs cj surbole` prclfmurfs, gcwfvfr, tgf oalomfalf cj muhpoab syhptchs os gobgfr wotg
vebctchy cr vebctchy wotg eatrfltchy.
am&sl&!ol $-fre!y
!gf prohery rc`f cj famcslcpol tgfrepy oa pfptol u`lfr mosfesf os tc heaebf lchp`oletocas tget
hey erosf.
=/fr/ofw
.fh&rr-ebf
0etf cj %alomfalf
7estrcoatfstoae` gfhcrrgebf ejjflts *J"#N cj petofats 8hcrf cjtfa tgcsf wotg mucmfae` u`lfrs1
eam os tgf hcst lchhca lchp`oletoca cj pfptol
p fptol u`lfr mosfesf. `ffmoab cllurs hcrf cjtfa oa hfa
tgea oa wchfa. <fhcrrgebf jrch u`lfrs stcps spcateafcus`y oa epprcxohetf`y E*JI#N cj lesfs.
pprcxohetf`y caf-jcurtg cj e`` i`ffmoab
i `ffmoab u`lfrs rf&uorf surbfry.
am&sl&!ol $-fre!y
Famcslcpy os tgf prfjfrrfm prclfmurf jcr tgf moebacsos eam trfethfat cj ea uppfr
bestrcoatfstoae` gfhcrrgebf ifleusf cj tgf `cw lchp`oletoca retf eam ellurely. \tobhete ca
u`lfrs hey if sffa muroab famcslcpol
famcslcp ol prclfmurfs, eam erf ohpcrteat prcbacstol oamoletcrs
8=oburf "51.
jtfr rfsuslotetoca eam steio`o'etoca cj tgf petofat, bestrol `evebf os usue``y pfrjcrhfm tc rfhcvf
i`ccm jrch tgf stchelg procr tc famcslcpy. !gf bce` cj famcslcpol tgfrepy os tc @sfe`H tgf
jffmoab vfssf`, eam tgos hey if ellchp`osgfm oa e verofty cj weys. !gf i`ffmoab scurlf os
omfatojofm oa hcrf tgea 4*N cj petofats wotg sobaojoleat uppfr 7% gfhcrrgebf 8=oburf ""1.
/`oaole` troe`s cj u`lfr gfhcrrgebf gevf lcajorhfm tget pgctclcebu `etoca prcvomfs fjjfltovf
gfhcstesos jcr eltovf eam aca-i`ffmoab
a ca-i`ffmoab vosoi`f vfssf`s. !gf sullfss retfs wotg 9m6C7
9m6C7 erf oa tgf
reabf cj I#J5##N. %hpcrteat lcasomfretocas tget `ohot fhfrbfaly `esfr gfhcstesos oal`umf
pcrteio`oty eam lcst. mmotocae``y,
mmotocae``y, tgf affm jcr spflojol fxpfrtosf iy tgf famcslcpost eam
tflgaoloea, spfloe` f`fltrole` cut`fts, fyf prctfltoca, eam tflga ole` lcasomfretocas 8mojjolu`ty oa
eohoab tgf `esfr ifeh1 erf jurtgfr `ohotoab jeltcrs oa fhfrbfaly sotuetocas.
`fltr&l&eb#`eto&a
<fet bfafretfm jrch gobg-jrf&ufaly f`fltrole` lurrfat os lepei`f cj lcebu`etoab cr luttoab
tossuf. !gfrhe` f`fltrclcebu`etoca os tgf l`essol trfethfat jcr i`ffmoab muroab surbfry eam ges
rflfat`y iffa usfm famcslcpole``y tc trfet 7% i`ffmoab. cacpc`er eam hu`topc`er famcslcpol
f`fltrcmfs erf lurrfat`y eveo`ei`f, eam ictg hust lcatelt tgf hulcse` surjelf tc if fjjfltovf.
!gf hu`topc`er f`fltrclcebu`etoca prcif ges twc cr hcrf f`fltrcmfs et tgf top. /urrfat os
lcalfatretfm hulg l`csfr tc tgf top tgea oa tgf hcacpc`er prcif, rfsu`toab oa `fss mfptg cj tossuf
oaury eam `cwfr pfrjcretoca pctfatoe`. !gf %/; jfeturfs sox f`fltrcmf p`etfs oa tgf top, e
lfatre` orrobetoca lgeaaf`, eam twc mojjfrfat moehftfr prcifs 8=oburf "(1. %t lea elgofvf e
hexohuh tfhpfreturf cj 5##c/ eam leusfs `fss tossuf oaury
oaur y tgea tgf hcacpc`er
hcacpc `er cr 9m6C7
9m6C7
f`fltrclcebu`etoca `esfr.
.fetfr [r&if
!gf gfetfr prcif os e gc``cw e`uhoauh ly`oamfr wotg ea oaafr lco`. !gf ly`oamfr treasjfrs gfet
jrch ots fam cr somfs tc tossuf wgfa pcsotocafm pfrpfamolu`er`y cr teabfatoe``y. !gos prcif hey if
pessfm tgrcubg tgf iocpsy lgeaaf`s cj `erbfr famcslcpfs eam pcsotocafm ca i`ffmoab `fsocas tc
prcmulf tehpcaemf eam gfet 8=oburf "*1. \tumofs gevf sgcwa tgf gfetfr prcif tc if sejf eam
fjjfltovf jcr tgf trfethfat cj u`lfr i`ffmoab cr aca-i`ffmoab vosoi`f vfssf`s, elgofvoab gfhcstesos
eam sobaojoleat`y ohprcvoab l`oaole` cutlchfs.
Oa1flto&a $-fre!y
%afltoca tgfrepy jcr uppfr bestrcoatfstoae` i`ffmoab os oafxpfasovf, sohp`f eam womf`y usfm.
sl`frctgfrepy letgftfr wotg e she`` rftreltei`f affm`f os pessfm tgrcubg tgf iocpsy lgeaaf` cj tgf
famcslcpf. 9ca-i`ffmoab vosoi`f vfssf`s erf trfetfm iy tgf oafltoca cj e sc`utoca et tgrff cr jcur
surrcuamoab sotfs eicut 5-$ hh jrch tgf vfssf`. \uisf&ufat`y, tgf vosoi`f vfssf` os oafltfm. %a
lesfs cj i`ffmoab vfssf`s, oafltocas erf hemf ercuam tgf i`ffmoab pcoat uato` gfhcstesos os
elgofvfm. !gos os jc``cwfm iy oafltoca oatc tgf vfssf` 8=oburf ":1.
\fvfre` mojjfrfat sl`frcseat ebfats gevf iffa usfm e`caf cr oa lchioaetoca tc elgofvf famcslcpol
gfhcstesos. mrfae`oaf2
mrfae`oaf2 gypfrtcaol se`oaf eam emrfae`oaf lc hioafm2 emrfae`oaf eam pc`omcleac`2
purf ftgeac`2 cr lchioaetocas cj mfxtrcsf, tgrchioa, eam scmouh hcrrguetf gevf sgcwa
ohprcvfhfat oa rfi`ffmoab, tgf affm jcr urbfat surbfry, eam hcrte`oty.
/chioafm oafltoca eam tgfrhe` trfethfat gevf tgfcrftole` emveatebfs oa tgf trfethfat cj
i`ffmoab u`lfrs. %afltoca wotg fpoafpgroaf prcmulfs vesclcastroltoca eam eltovetfs p`etf`ft
lcebu`etoca, rfmuloab i`ccm j`cw eam pctfatoetoab tgfrhe` tgfrepy, wgolg prcmulfs lceptovf
lcebu`etoca. 0flfat stumofs gevf sgcwa lchioaetoca tgfrepy 8fpoafpgroaf oafltoca eam gfetfr
prcif1 ifafjotfm petofats wotg spurtoab i`ffmoab, iut act tgcsf wotg cc'oab i`ffmoab.
9fl-eaole` $-fre!y
Famcslcpol gfhcl`ops gevf rflfat`y iffa mfvf`cpfm eam hemf tgfor wey tc tgf slfaf cj
famcslcpol tgfrepy jcr pfptol u`lfr mosfesf. !gfsf m fvolfs erf she`` $-( hh toteaouh l`ops tget
lea if cpfafm eam l`csfm wgo`f ifoab cpfretfm tgrcubg tgf wcroab lgeaaf` cj tgf famcslcpf.
!gfy hey if usfm tc poalg-cjj, cr l`op, e i`ffmoab vfssf`. Lgfa ju``y mfp`cyfm, tgf y rfheoa
jestfafm tc tgf vfssf` ejtfr tgf famcslcpf ges iffa rfhcvfm jrch tgf petofat. Fhfrboab stumofs
gevf sgcwa tget gfhcl`ops erf ea fjjfltovf eam sejf hftgcm jcr trfetoab lfrteoa jcrhs cj pfptol
u`lfr mfsfesf eam sgcu`m if usfm oa tgf epprcproetf sfttoab.
Yemo&`&bole` $-fre!y
abocbrepgy os e usfju` moebacstol eam tgfrepfutol hcme`oty oa trfethfat cj i`ffmoab bestrol
eam mucmfae` u`lfrs. abocbrepgy lea omfatojy tgf sotf cj i`ffmoab oa oastealfs wgfrf
famcslcpy ges jeo`fm tc if moebacstol. %t sgcu`m e`sc if lcasomfrfm oa petofats et gobg ros jcr
surbole` oatfrvfatoca.
abocbrepgol tgfrepy oal`umfs twc mojjfrfat fhic`o'etoca tflgao&ufs jcr tgf trfethfat cj 7%
i`ffmoab. Fjjfltovf oa *#N cj lesfs, vescprfssoa oatre-ertfroe`
oatre-ertfroe` oajusoca leusfs vesclcastroltoca
tget rfsu`ts oa tgf lfssetoca cj u`lfr gfhcrrgebf. Fhic`ol hetfroe` sulg es ea eiscriei`f bf`etoa
spcabf, tossuf emgfsovfs, cr ctgfr cll`usoca mfvolfs 8sulg es holrclco`s1 8=oburf "E1 lea if
oasfrtfm tgrcubg e letgftfr oatc tgf erfe cj i`ffmoab. ;ctfatoe` lchp`oletocas cj fhic`o'etoca
tgfrepy hey oal`umf oslgfhoe eam pfrjcretoca.
\#rbole` $-fre!y
Lgfa famcslcpol gfhcstesos tflgao&ufs erf uaeveo`ei`f cr jeo` tc rfsc`vf i`ffmoab cr rflurrfat
gfhcrrgebf, surbfry prcvomfs eactgfr tgfrepfutol cptoca. \urbfry os fjjfltovf oa tgf prfvfatoca cj
rflurrfat u`lfretoca eam oa fxl`umoab tgf prfsfalf cj he`obaeat mosfesf. Fhfrbfat surbfry
8=oburfs "IJ$#1 ges e gobgfr hcrte`oty retf tgea f`fltovf surbfry, eam rfsfltoca prclfmurfs erf
ellchpeaofm iy gobgfr hcrte`oty tgea cvfrsfwoab
cvf rsfwoab tgf u`lfr eam sf`fltovf vebctchy, cr vebctchy
eam py`crcp`esty 8=oburf "41. !gf cpfretovf lgcolf os rf`etfm tc tgf surbfcaAs fxpfrofalf, u`lfr
`cletoca, eam cvfre`` lcamotoca cj tgf petofat. !ruale` vebctchy eam eatrfltchy 8=oburf $#1
prcvomf gobg lurf retfs eam `cw rflurrfalf retfs. 0flurrfalf retfs ejtfr vebctchy eam
py`crcp`esty erf schfwget gobgfr. Oepercslcpol sf`fltovf vebctchy prcvomfs ea eppfe`oab
e`tfraetovf jcr e suisft cj u`lfr petofats wotg `cwfr hcriomoty, sgcrtfr rflcvfry tohf, eam e
sgcrtfr gcspote` stey.
[fr"&reto&a
pprcxohetf`y *J5#N cj petofats wotg pfptol u`lfrs sujjfr e pfrjcretoca oatc tgf eimc hoae`
levoty 8=oburf $51. !gos retf os gobgfr oa hfa tgea oa wchfa. pprcxohetf`y 5*N cj petofats mof
jrch u`lfr pfrjcretoca.
!wc
!wc typfs cj pfrjcretoca cj tgf stchelg eam
ea m mucmfauh gevf iffa
if fa cisfrvfm. =rff pfrjcretoca
cllurs wgfa mucmfae` cr bestrol lcatfats
lcatfa ts spo`` oatc tgf eimchoae` levoty wotg pfrotcafe`
lcatehoaetoca iy bestrol, pealrfetol eam io`oery uolfs. /`oaole``y tgos prcmulfs ea elutf
eimchfa, wgolg os feso`y moebacsfm. /cateoafm pfrjcretoca cllurs wgfa tgf u`lfr prcmulfs e
ju``-tgolafss gc`f oa tgf mucmfauh cr stchelg, iut tgf chfatuh cr ctgfr emelfat crbeas
prfvfat pfrotcafe` lcatehoaetoca.
;frjcretocas erf hcst `of`y oa f`mfr`y petofats ca lgrcaol 9\%+ tgfrepy, eam erf hcrf
lchhca oa bestrol tgea oa mucmfae`
mucmfae ` u`lfrs. %aotoe` syhptchs cj pfrjcretfm mucmfae` cr bestrol
u`lfrs oal`umf sfvfrf eimchoae` peoa, wcrsf oa tgf fpobestrouh, cjtfa ellchpeaofm iy aeusfe
aeu sfe
eam vchotoab. !ypole``y
!ypole``y tgf petofat os elutf`y eam sfvfrf`y o``. <ostcry eam pgysole` fxeh
subbfst e moebacsos cj pfrjcretoca. !gf joamoab cj jrff eor ca fotgfr ea uprobgt cr mfluiotus
eimchoae` remocbrepg os actfm oa epprcxohetf`y E#N cj lesfs 8=oburf $"1.
a uppfr 7% sfrofs wotg bestrcbrejoa wo`` lcajorh tgf l`oaole` ohprfssoca cj pfrjcretoca oj ea x-
rey os afbetovf. ;frjcretoca os e lcatreoamoletoca jcr famcslcp y ifleusf eor oasujj`etoca hey
fxelfrietf spo``ebf cj bestrol lcatfats cr mosrupt e sfe`fm pfrjcretoca.
Mrbfat surbole` tgfrepy os rflchhfamfm oa petofats wotg ualcateoafm, jrff pfrjcretfm u`lfrs,
ifleusf spcateafcus sfe`oab os rerf. %a emmotoca, bestrol emfaclerloache leaact if ru`fm cut
eam tgfrf os e brfetfr pctfatoe` jcr ieltfroe` lc`cao'etoca. bbrfssovf
bbrfssovf surbole` oatfrvfatoca gf`ps
tc mflrfesf tgf gobg hcrte`oty esscloetfm wotg pfrjcretoab bestrol u`lfrs.
[faftreto&a
=ovf tc 5#N cj pfrjcretoab u`lfrs hey frcmf tgrcubg tgf fatorf tgolafss cj tgf bestrol cr
mucmfae` we`` oatc emelfat eimchoae` crbeas. \ulg pfaftretoca lea oavc`vf tgf pealrfes, io`f
mults, `ovfr, eam tgf she`` cr `erbf oatfstoaf. !gf pealrfes os tgf hcst lchhca sotf cj pfaftretoca
8=oburf $$1.
!gf elutf casft cj esscloetfm lchp`oletocas,
lc hp`oletocas, sulg es pealrfetotos, lgc`eabotos, cr moerrgfe cj
uamobfstfm jccm, hey moebacsf pfaftretoca.
pfaf tretoca. !gf moebacsos cj pfaftretoca os hcrf mojjolu`t tgea
pfrjcretoca, eam os iesfm ca e lchioaetoca cj sfvfrf u`lfr syhptchs, etypole` peoa mostroiutoca,
eam mohoaosgfm rfspcasf tc tgf usue` tgfrepy. \urbfry os usue``y act rflchhfamfm oa tgf
heaebfhfat cj pfaftretoca ua`fss io`oery lchp`oletocas erf prfsfat cr tgf uamfr`yoab pfptol
mosfesf os sfvfrf.
=fwfr tgea *N cj petofats mfvf`cp bestrol cut`ft cistrultoca jrch py`crol stfacsos. +ucmfae`
u`lfrs bovf rosf tc py`crol stfacsos hcrf cjtfa tgea bestrol u`lfrs. ;fptol u`lfr mosfesf hey if
ellchpeaofm iy veryoab mfbrffs cj cistrultoca leusfm iy oaj`ehhetcry swf``oab cj tgf py`crol
lgeaaf` cr lgrcaol slerroab esscloetfm wotg joircsos.
;etofats wotg bestrol cut`ft cistrultoca usue``y gevf e gostcry cj aeusfe, vchotoab, eam
fpobestrol peoa cr ju``afss. Oeicretcry joamoabs hey sgcw eafhoe, `cw sfruh e`iuhoa, eam
gypfre`fhol e`e`csos. 0emoc`cbole` fxeh os usue``y moebacstol, sgcwoab e `erbf bestrol
sgemcw wotg ea eor)j`uom `fvf` 8=oburf $(1. a uppfr 7% sfrofs yof`ms ve`uei`f oajcrhetoca iy
sgcwoab herfm mf`ey oa bestrol fhptyoab eam e `erbf etcaol stchelg. Famcslcpy os tgf ifst
tfst jcr fve`uetoab bestrol cut`ft cistrultoca ejtfr mflchprfssoca cj tgf stchelg jcr 5"J"(
gcurs.
am&sl&!ol $-fre!y
Famcslcpol mo`etoca cj tgf bestrol cut`ft cistrultoca os e rfescaei`f lcursf ejtfr tgf jeo`urf cj
hfmole` tgfrepy. e``cca mo`etoca lea usue``y ohprcvf tgf elutf prci`fh iy prcmuloab remoe`
jcrlfs ca tgf strolturfm sfbhfat. !grcubg-tgf-slcpf ie``ccas erf usue``y tgf jorst lgcolf 8cvfr
buomf worf ie``ccas1, usoab tgf `erbfst ie``cca tget lea sejf`y if pessfm oatc tgf sfbhfat. wf``-
wf``-
`uiroletfm ie``cca os pessfm tgrcubg tgf famc slcpol iocpsy lgeaaf` eam lerfju``y pcsotocafm oatc
tgf strolturf 8=oburf $*1. !gf ie``cca os oaj`etfm wotg lcatrest, wetfr cr eor, eam prfssurf os
heoateoafm jcr tgf mfsorfm tohf 8=oburf $*1.
+o`etoca hey e`sc if pfrjcrhfm cvfr e buomf worf tget ges iffa pessfm tgrcubg tgf
strolturf. \f&ufatoe` ie``cca mo`etoca os pfrjcrhfm wotg j`ucrcslcpy eam famcslcpol
fve`uetoca. =oburf $*/ sgcws tgf strolturfm sfbhfat ejtfr ie``cca mo`etoca.
\#rbole` $-fre!y
!gf bce` cj surbole` tgfrepy oa bestrol cut`ft cistrultoca os twcjc`m6 51 ohprcvfhfat cj tgf
cistrultoca eam "1 trfethfat cj tgf prfmospcsoab u`lfr wotg ea elom-rfmuloab prclfmurf.
3ebctchy
3ebctchy eam eatrfltchy 8=oburf $:1 wotg bestrcmucmfae ` mreoaebf, cr truale` vebctchy wotg
mreoaebf 8=oburf $E1 erf tgf rflchhfamfm surbole` prclfmurfs
\f`fltovf vebctchy wotg py`crcmucmfae` mo`etoca os ea e`tfraetovf, iut rflurrfat cistrultoca retfs
erf gobgfr tgea wotg tgf ctgfr twc surbfrofs.
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