Class - VIII

Chapter - 9 and 10
PYTHON LANGUAGE
NOTES:

Python is a popular programming language.

Python can be used on a server to create web applications.

Python is a popular programming language. It was created by Guido van Rossum, and released
in 1991.

It is used for:

 web development (server-side),

 software development,
 mathematics,
 system scripting.

>>> print("Hello, World!")

Hello, World!

Comments can be used to explain Python code.

Comments can be used to make the code more readable.

Comments can be used to prevent execution when testing code.

Creating a Comment

Comments starts with a #, and Python will ignore them:

>>> #This is a comment

print("Hello, World!")

x=5
y = "John"
print(x)
print(y)

x = str(3)
y = int(3)
z = float(3)
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)

Variable Names
A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more descriptive name (age, carname,
total_volume). Rules for Python variables:

 A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character

 A variable name cannot start with a number
 A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9,
and _ )
 Variable names
 are case-sensitive (age, Age and AGE are three different variables)

myvar = "John"
my_var = "John"
print(myvar)

print(10 > 9)

print(10 == 9)

print(10 < 9)
Python divides the operators in the following groups:

 Arithmetic operators
 Assignment operators
 Comparison operators
 Logical operators
 Identity operators
 Membership operators
 Bitwise operators

Python Conditions and If statements

Python supports the usual logical conditions from mathematics:

 Equals: a == b
 Not Equals: a != b
 Less than: a < b
 Less than or equal to: a <= b
 Greater than: a > b
 Greater than or equal to: a >= b

These conditions can be used in several ways, most commonly in "if statements" and loops.

An "if statement" is written by using the if keyword.

a = 33
b = 200
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")

a = 33
b = 33
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
elif a == b:
print("a and b are equal")

a = 200
b = 33
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
elif a == b:
print("a and b are equal")
else:
print("a is greater than b")

Python Loops

Python has two primitive loop commands:

 while loops
 for loops

The while Loop

With the while loop we can execute a set of statements as long as a condition is true.

WHILE LOOP

i=1
while i < 6:
print(i)
i += 1
The break Statement

With the break statement we can stop the loop even if the while condition is true:

i=1
while i < 16:
print(i)
if (i == 10):
break
i += 1

The continue Statement

With the continue statement we can stop the current iteration, and continue with the next:

Example

Continue to the next iteration if i is 3:

i=0
while i < 16:
i += 1
if i == 12:
continue
print(i)

Python For Loops

A for loop is used for iterating over a sequence.

With the for loop we can execute a set of statements, once for each item in a list, tuple, set etc.
Example

Print each fruit in a fruit list:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
print(x)

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