Date Details

12th century Muhammad al-Idrisi created a world map for the King of Sicily. However, little
was known about the southern part of the African continent, so it was excluded.
It inspired a number of curious explorers.
Late 13th century Italian traders, Christian missionaries, and Russian royalty traveled by land to
Eurasia, Middle East, and China.
Mid-14th century Moroccan scholars set out to North Africa, West Africa, the Sahara Desert, the
Horn of Africa, Southern and Eastern Europe, and China.
1488 Portuguese exploration parties traveled down the west coast of Africa and
eventually to the Cape of Good Hope and into the Indian Ocean.
1492 Christopher Columbus left Spainand crossed the Atlantic Ocean. He erroneously
believed that he had landed in the West Indies.
1498 Vasco de Gama discovered the way around the Cape of Good Hope and to India,
which established the first sea route between Portugal and India.
1500 Portuguese exploration to Brazil
Early 15th century Arab and Chinese traders traveled along the Indian Ocean and beyond. After the
death of the Chinese emperor, the new Emperor advocated isolationism and
abolished international exploration and trade.

Governments of other countries commissioned explorers to search for a shorter

route to the “West Indies”. This resulted in the North Atlantic route to present-
day Newfoundland in North America. Doubts began to rise that this new
Atlantic path was actually leading to Asia.
1513 Pacific Ocean was reached by crossing the Isthmus of Panama.
1515 – 1516 Spanish crews sailed the west coast of South America, while the Portuguese
were exploring off the coast of Southeast Asia.
1519 – 1522 Portuguese-born explorer, Ferdinand Magellan, instigated and organized the
first circumnavigation of the world from 1519 to 1522.
March 17, 1521 The Philippines was discovered by Spain under the Ferdinand Magellan’s
expedition.
1542 Portuguese exploration to Japan
1543 Spaniards were only able to return to the Philippines under the expedition of
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos who named the islands as “Filipinas”. The Villalobos
expedition exacted the location of the Philippines.
1565 Miguel Lopez de Legazpi was sent to the Philippines by Phillip II. He became the
first Governor General of the Philippines. He also established the Encomienda
system and founded the city of Manila in 1571.
1574 Lakandula and Sulayman Revolt or the Tagalog revolt against the Legazpi and
Lavezares administrations.
1585 Pampanga Revolt of Datus against Encomenderos
1587 – 1588 Conspiracy of the Maharlikas in Tondo
1589 The Cagayan and Dingras Revolts Against Tribute
1596 Magalat Revolt led by Magalat, a Cagayano rebel
16th century Northern European countries and Russia became involved in world exploration,
further exploring North America, Siberia, New Zealand, and Australia.
1601 Igorot Revolt against conversion to Christianity
1621-1622 Bancao Revolt for religious freedom in Leyte
1649-1650 Sumuroy Revolt of Warays of Northern Samar
1660-1661 Maniago Revolt in Pampanga against friar and government abuses
1660-1661 Malong Revolt in Pangasinan w/ Maniago
1662 Chinese Resistance of 1662 against pirate Koxinga
1663 Panay Revolt by Tapar a religious pagan.
1681-1683 Zambal(es) Revolt by Chieftains
1745 Agrarian Revolt of Batangas, Laguna and Cavite
1744-1829 Dagohoy Rebellion of 88 years in Bohol.
1762-1763 Diego & Gabriela Silang Revolt in Ilocos
1762-1764 Palaris Revolt during the British invasion
1821 Mexican independence from Spain resulting to loss of trade in the Pacific.
1823 Novales Revolt in Manila against peninsulares
1828 Palmero Conspiracy a failed plot against Spain
September 6, 1834 Opening of the Philippines to World Trade by Spain. Natives started to engage
in trade.