Brochure Breaker High Power

ABB Switzerland Ltd
High Voltage Products

Generator Circuit-
Breaker Systems
PTHG-V / Marta Lacorte
Business Development LAM
High Current Systems
All rights reserved. - 1 -
© Copyright 2004 ABB.
07/05/2007
Generator Circuit-Breaker? What are we talking about?
GCB
G G
Layout without Layout with

Generator Circuit-Breaker Generator Circuit-Breaker
© Copyright 2004 ABB
-2-
Advantages of Generator Circuit-Breakers
Simplified operation
Improved generator protection
Improved main and unit transformers protection
Increased power plant availability
Decreased costs (case dependent)

-3-
Simplified Operation
GCB clear and logical plant arrangement
generator starting-up or shutting-down

only GCB operates
switching operations number reduction
power plant and the high-voltage grid operation

responsibilities clearly defined

-4-
Generator, main and unit Transformers Improved
Protection
generator, main and unit transformers differential

protection zones maximum selectivity
Generator-fed short-circuit currents four cycles

interrupted
-5-
Increased Power Plant Availability
simplified operation
clearly defined operational responsibilities
reduced operational errors
more reliable generator synchronisation
-6-
Increased Power Plant Availability
rapid and selective clearing clearance of all types of

faults
avoid expensive secondary damage
avoid long down repair times
main or unit transformer tank bursting
generator damper winding thermal destruction
turbine-generator mechanical destruction
-7-
Decreased costs (case dependent)
associated items of switchgear integration into GCB enclosure
simpler and more economic power plant layouts
simpler and more economic erection and commissioning
elimination of station transformer and associated high-voltage and medium-

voltage switchgear
increased power plant average availability
0.3…0.5 %
increased operating hours

higher power plant operator profit

-8-
Requirements for Generator Circuit-Breakers
GCB requirements transmission and distribution CB
requirements
GCB high technical requirements
Rated current
Short-circuit currents (system-source and generator-

source)
Fault currents due to out-of-phase conditions
Fault currents asymmetry, delayed current zeros

Recovery Voltages rate-of-rise

-9-
© Copyright 2004 ABB Standards IEC 62271-100 / 2001 (former IEC 56)
Generator circuit-breakers installed between generator and step-

up transformer are not within the scope of this standard
- 10 -
Standards
IEEE C37-013
1. Scope
This standard applies to all ac high-
voltage generator circuit breakers rated
on a symmetrical current basis that are
installed between the generator and the
transformer terminals. Pumped storage
installations are considered a special
application, and their requirements are
not completely covered by this standard.
NOTE — Since no other national or
international standard on generator
circuit breakers exists, this standard is
used worldwide.
- 11 -
- 12 -
ABB Generator Circuit Breakers worldwide
DB 1954-1993 HEC 3-6 1995-
DR 1969-1998 HGC 1998-
Our business card is nearly 5‘500

units installed and operating worldwide
Airblast GCB > 1900 units

SF6 GCB > 3450 units
HEK 1984-1999 HEC 7/8 2000-
HGI 1992- HECS 2003- HECPS 3/5S 2005-

ABB Switzerland Ltd, High Current Systems
Design and Manufacturing in

Zurich-Oerlikon, Switzerland
Approx. 100 Employees >70%
Deliveries in 2006: 352 GCB‘s
Market share world-wide: >70%
January 2007: received orders for almost 3600

GCB‘s in SF6 technology (since 1985)
Worldwide more than 3000 ABB GCB‘s (SF6) are
already in operation
- 13 -
GCB PORTFOLIO 2006
Short Circuit Current [kA]
210kA
160kA
140kA
130kA
HECS-130 (HECPS-5S / HECS-130R)
100kA
HECS-100 (HECPS-3S / HECS-100R)
80kA
HECS- 80 HEC 7S HEC 7 HEC 8
63kA HGI 3
50kA
HGI 2
6300A 8000A 10500A 13000A 18000A 23000A 24000A 28000A (57000A)
Rated Current [A]

- 14 -
© Copyright 2004 ABB Development of Generator Circuit-Breaker
GCB type: HECS (SF6)

- 15 -
Generator Circuit-Breaker System Type HECS
(1) Generator Circuit-Breaker

7
MO (2) Series Disconnector
9
3T (3) Capacitors
8
(4) Starting Disconnector for SFC

6T
5 2
(5) Manuell Short-Circuit Connection
1
(6) Earthing Switches
6G 10
4
(7) Current Transformers
3G
8
(8) Potential Transformers
(9) Surge Arrestor
7
(10) Motorized Short-Circuit Connection

G
- 16 -
Generator Circuit-Breaker System Type HECS
View into one pole of Circuit-breaker type HECS-130L
Current transformer
Voltage transformer
Interrupting chamber
Series Disconnector
Surge arrester
- 17 -
Interruption Chamber and Disconnector
Interrupting chamber
of the circuit-breaker type HECS-100L
Series Disconnector
View through the inspection windows
of HECS to assure that the disconnect
switch is in the open position.
- 18 -
Earthing Switch - HECS
Earthing switch Semaphore and key
locking
In CLOSED position
- 19 -
Hydro-Mechanical Spring Drive – HMB 4.5
Schematic diagram of the hydraulic View of a hydraulic spring

spring operating mechanism operating mechanism
- 20 -
Current Transformer / Voltage Transformer
Current transformer Voltage transformer
According to According to
IEC 60044-1 IEC 60044-2

or IEEE C57.13 or IEEE C57.13
- 21 -
ABB GCB advantages
Dimensions GCB ABB smaller in width and smaller length

less transportation cots and more flexibility for installation
transport units GCB totally mounted in the factory, the three phases and the control
cubicle mounted in the structure. Shorter commissioning time, less
assembling on site, less assembling mistake,higher availability
mechanic-hydraulic drive thousands of units installed in the world, approved

equipment, without failures
maintenance 20 years or 20’000 mechanical operations, until reach one of these limits only
supervision services are necessary, without take the GCB out of service
arc extinction method self blast extinction, assuring performance in the currents
interruption of high amplitude as well as of small current
type tests performed according to GCB standard IEEE C37.013 and in independent
laboratory – KEMA
out-of-phase type test performed with 180°of phases disagreement
- 22 -
0
GCBType
GCB Type"D":
"D":
19
SouthAmerica
South America
8
0
50
DR 36 sc 1750 San Agaton 2
Planta Centro
DR 36 t 0500 1 18
Unidad 5
Planta Centro
DR 36 t 0500 1
Unidad 4
43 10
Planta Centro 0
DR 36 t 0500 2
Unidad 1 + 2
Planta Centro
DR 36 t 0500 1
Unidad 3
South America 148
DRT24.125 Macagua 2 4
World 1928
- 23 -
GCBSF6
GCB SF6Type
Type
"H":
"H":
11 SouthAmerica
South America
15
12
8
27
HECS-100M Pedro Camejo 2

0
HEK 4 Macagua 2 5
HEK 4 Macagua 2 4
HEK 4 Macagua 2 4
13 3
5
South America 103

World 3203
- 24 -
© Copyright 2004 ABB Replacement Northfield Mountain / USA
Northfield Mountain - After

Northfield Mountain. - Before
- 25 -
© Copyright 2004 ABB Replacement Benmore HPP / New Zealand
- 26 -
- 27 -
Retrofit TPP Berezovskaja / Belorussia Estonia
- 28 -
Retrofit TPP Berezovskaja / Belorussia Estonia
- 29 -
TPP Kuala Langat (250MW) / Malaysia
- 30 -
elimination of station transformer and high-voltage bay
GCB
G G
Layout without Layout with

Generator Circuit-Breaker Generator Circuit-Breaker

- 31 -
Arc resistance effect in GCB
6
Arc resistance
r e s is tê n c ia
d o a rc o
4
2
Ta = Xd”/{2Πƒ(Ra)}
Ta = Xd”/{2Πƒ(Ra + Radd)}
0
0 0 .0 5 0 .1 0 .1 5 0 .2
-1
- 32 -
Interruption of Generator-Fed Fault Currents
Without Generator Circuit-Breaker (Unit Connection)
- 33 -
Interruption of Generator-Fed Fault Currents
With Generator Circuit-Breaker
- 34 -
Simplified Operational Procedures
Layout without generator Layout with generator circuit-breaker
circuit-breaker
Unit start-up: Unit start-up:
1) Run-up unit on station transformer (start- 1) Run-up unit on unit transformer and
up supply) and synchronise generator synchronise generator with high-voltage
with high-voltage grid by means of high- grid by means of generator circuit-
voltage circuit-breaker breaker
2) Parallel unit auxiliaries supplies
3) Separate unit auxiliaries from station Unit routine shut-down:
transformer (start-up supply) 1) Trip generator circuit-breaker and shut-
down unit on unit transformer
Unit routine shut-down:
1) Parallel unit auxiliaries supplies Unit emergency shut-down:
2) Separate unit auxiliaries from unit 1) Trip generator circuit-breaker and shut-
transformer down unit on unit transformer
3) Trip high-voltage circuit-breaker and shut-
down unit on station transformer
Unit emergency shut-down:
1) Trip high-voltage circuit-breaker, unit
auxiliaries are isolated

2) Automatic transfer of unit auxiliaries from
unit transformer to station transformer
(approx. 4…5 cycles)
3) Shut-down unit on station transformer
- 35 -
Equipment Failures
Main Transformer Failures
Sequence of events:
t = 0 ms: earth fault at
HV-side of transformer
t = 45 ms: 2-phase
short-circuit
t = 95 ms: 3-phase
short-circuit
t 150 ms: explosion
of transformer
- 36 -
Equipment Failures
Short-Time Unbalanced Load Conditions
- 37 -
Short Circuit Characteristic
G
system-source short-circuit
asymmetry 74%
voltage rate of rise TRV 6 kV/ms
generator-source short-circuit currents

asymmetry 130%
voltage rate of rise TRT 2.2 kV/ms

- 38 -

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ABB Switzerland Ltd

High Voltage Products

Layout without Layout with

Improved generator protection

Improved main and unit transformers protection

Increased power plant availability

Decreased costs (case dependent)

GCB clear and logical plant arrangement

generator starting-up or shutting-down

power plant and the high-voltage grid operation

responsibilities clearly defined

generator, main and unit transformers differential

Generator-fed short-circuit currents four cycles

rapid and selective clearing clearance of all types of

simpler and more economic power plant layouts

simpler and more economic erection and commissioning

elimination of station transformer and associated high-voltage and medium-

increased power plant average availability

increased operating hours

higher power plant operator profit

GCB high technical requirements

Short-circuit currents (system-source and generator-

Fault currents due to out-of-phase conditions

Fault currents asymmetry, delayed current zeros

Recovery Voltages rate-of-rise

Generator circuit-breakers installed between generator and step-

DB 1954-1993 HEC 3-6 1995-

DR 1969-1998 HGC 1998-

Our business card is nearly 5‘500

Airblast GCB > 1900 units

HGI 1992- HECS 2003- HECPS 3/5S 2005-

Design and Manufacturing in

January 2007: received orders for almost 3600

6300A 8000A 10500A 13000A 18000A 23000A 24000A 28000A (57000A)

Rated Current [A]

GCB type: HECS (SF6)

(1) Generator Circuit-Breaker

(4) Starting Disconnector for SFC

(10) Motorized Short-Circuit Connection

Schematic diagram of the hydraulic View of a hydraulic spring

Current transformer Voltage transformer

IEC 60044-1 IEC 60044-2

Dimensions GCB ABB smaller in width and smaller length

mechanic-hydraulic drive thousands of units installed in the world, approved

DR 36 sc 1750 San Agaton 2

HECS-100M Pedro Camejo 2

South America 103

Northfield Mountain - After

Layout without Layout with

Generator Circuit-Breaker Generator Circuit-Breaker

auxiliaries are isolated

generator-source short-circuit currents

voltage rate of rise TRT 2.2 kV/ms

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