ATT03 IntGenProtEV4 Introduction Generator Protection

• Technology and Solutions
Protection and Substation

Automation
• Introduction to
Generator
Protection
IntGenProtEV4 1 LM 2005 - 01
© ABB University Switzerland

Introduction to generator protection
HV SYSTEM CONTROL ROOM
THE POWER STATION

STEP UP
TRANSFORMER LV SWITCHGEAR
AC & DC
HV- BREAKER AUXILIARY
SYSTEMS CONTROL
SYSTEMS
2 1
AUX. PROTECTION
TRANSF.
GOVERNOR
GENERATOR
1 BREAKER 2
STATIC
STARTER
PT’s
&
CT’s
SYNCHRONIZING
SYNCHRONOUS EXCITATION
TURBINE GENERATOR SYSTEM
STAR
POINT EXCITATION
CUBICLE TRANSFORMER

Configuration of a typical plant
Substation
High voltage circuit breaker

Busbar in the substation
Power plant
Main transformer
Auxilary
transformer
Turbine
Typ of turbines Generator circuit breaker

•Hydro
•Gas Excitation Transformer
•Steam
Static excitation
In let valve of turbine
Typical excitation systems:
•Static excitation
•Rotating diodes
•Excitater machine
~
Generator Field circuit breaker

Typical power plant layouts
Layouts Star point grounding
G G G
G G G G

CT‘s and PT‘s for generator protection
CT Transient Performance classes
Generator protection panel (refer to CEI-IEC 44-6)
TPS complementary to class X

(low leakage flux)
TPX closed core (5P20,10P20)
TPY core with anti remanence air gaps
TPZ core with considerable anti
remanence air gaps
Application examples:
TPS high impedance circulating current

protection
TPX most common (5P20)
TPY line protection with autoreclosing
TPZ special application (differential
protection of large generators)
19 0.1
kV
3 3
30 VA
CL. 0.5
30VA rated burden at rated secondary

current
5 total error in % at accuracy limit and

rated burden
P protection class
~ 20 minimum multiple of rated secondary
current at which the accuracy limit is
12500 / 1 A reached with rated burden
30 VA
5 P 20

Typ of faults
Internal faults External faults

STATOR ROTOR STATOR ROTOR TURBINE
Short circuit Short circuit Over load Over load Frequency
Ground fault Ground fault Over voltage Asymmetric load Reverse power
(Negative phase
sequence)
Inter-turn faults Over excitation Loss of

excitation

Typ of faults: Location of faults
r id
G
Ground fault Asymetric load

Rotor ground fault
Short circuit Over/ under frequency
Rotor short circuit
Over temperature Over/ under voltage

Stator ground fault

Stator short circuit Short circuit
Interturn fault Earth fault
Overload

Short circuit: differential protection
Diff. Transf. 87SST
Diff. Transf. 87SST
g = 0.3 In
g = 0.3 In
v = 0.50
v = 0.50
Transformer differential prot. 87T
Differential protection for

service station transformer 87SST
Diff. Transf. 87T
Diff. Transf. 87T
g = 0.3 In
g = 0.3 In
v = 0.50
v = 0.50
Diff. Gen. 87G

Diff. Gen. 87G
g = 0.1 In Generator differential prot. 87G

g = 0.1 In
v = 0.25
v = 0.25

Short circuit: Basic principal of differentail protection
External fault
CT 1 Isc Isc CT 2
G
I CT 1 sec I CT 2 sec
Id
Id = 0
No trip

Short circuit: Basic principal of differentail protection
Internal fault
CT 1 Isc Isc CT 2
G
I CT 1 sec I CT 2 sec
Id
Id # 0
TRIP

Short circuit: Back-up protection
Over current
Over current
50/51
50/51
Voltage controlled over current

protection 51V
Imax-Umin 51V
Imax-Umin 51V
I = 1.3 -1.7 In
I = 1.3 -1.7 In
t=1-5s
t=1-5s
U= 0.7 Un
U= 0.7 Un
Min. impedance 21
Min. imp. 21
Min. imp. 21
Z = 0.7 Xt
Z = 0.7 Xt
t = 0.2 - 0.7 s
t = 0.2 - 0.7 s

95% Stator ground fault protection
Stator winding
Over voltage
Over voltage
function
function
95% stator ground
95% stator ground

fault 59GN
fault 59GN
U = 0.05 Un
U = 0.05 Un
t = 0.5 s
t = 0.5 s

95% stator ground fault protection and busbar earth fault protection
Unit energized generator circuit

breaker open
Busbar earth fault

Busbar earth fault Busbar earth fault protection
protection 59NB
protection 59NB
U = 0.3 -0.6 Un
U = 0.3 -0.6 Un
t=1-2s
t=1-2s
95% stator ground fault protection
95% stator ground

95% stator ground
fault protection
fault protection
59GN
59GN
U = 0.05 Un
U = 0.05 Un
t = 0.5 s
t = 0.5 s
~

95% stator ground fault protection and busbar earth fault protection
Unit energized generator circuit

breaker closed
Busbar earth fault

Busbar earth fault Busbar earth fault protection
protection 59NB
protection 59NB
U = 0.3 -0.6 Un
U = 0.3 -0.6 Un
t=1-2s
t=1-2s
95% stator ground fault protection
95% stator ground

95% stator ground
fault protection
fault protection
59GN
59GN
U = 0.05 Un
U = 0.05 Un
t = 0.5 s
t = 0.5 s
~

Interconnection between CT‘s, PT‘s and protection functions
Generator protection panel ANSI Code
87G Generator differential protection

87T Transformer differential protection
50 Over current instantaneos
50
51 Over current delayed
51
46 Asymmetric load
87SST 49S Stator overload
59 Over voltage
87T
27 Under voltage
81 Frequency (min or max)
59NB 59GN 95% stator ground fault
(also: 64S)
40 Loss of excitation
60
21 Minimum impedance
49
87G 32 Reverse power (motoring)
59 24 Over excitation (over fluxing)
(Also: 59/81)
27
60 Voltage balance
81 41/50 Inadvertent closing of CB
21 32
24 (Also: 51/27)
40
51V Voltage controlled over current
46 relay
41/50
~ 59NB Ground fault of busbar
59GN

Software trip matrix
CB
B
ne
CB
CB
n. C
c it.
rb i
MV
Ge
HV
Tu
Ex
HV CB
Trip channel 1 2 3 4 5 6
MV CB
Gen. CB
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
Sig.
Sig. Trip
relays
relays relays
Turbine trip
~
Field CB

Software trip matrix: Unit runing in healthy condition
CB
B
ne
CB
CB
n. C
c it.
rb i
MV
Ge
HV
Tu
Ex
HV CB
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 t [s] Trip channel 1 2 3 4 5 6
MV CB
Gen. CB
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
Sig.
Sig. Trip
relays
relays relays
Turbine trip
~
Field CB

Software trip matrix: Fault appears
rs
ae
CB
B
a p u lt
ne
CB
CB
pe
n. C
Fa
c it.
rb i
MV
Ge
HV
Tu
Ex
HV CB
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 t [s] Trip channel 1 2 3 4 5 6
MV CB
Gen. CB
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
Sig.
Sig. Trip
relays
relays relays
Turbine trip
~
Field CB

Software trip matrix: Protection started
CB
d
B
s ta o t.
ne
r te
CB
CB
n. C
c it.
Pr
rb i
MV
Ge
HV
Tu
Ex
HV CB
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 t [s] Trip channel 1 2 3 4 5 6
MV CB
Gen. CB
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
Sig.
Sig. Trip
relays
relays relays
Turbine trip
~
Field CB

Software trip matrix: Protection tripped and generator disconneced
CB
B
ne
IP
CB
CB
n. C
c it.
TR
rb i
MV
Ge
HV
Tu
Ex
HV CB
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 t [s] Trip channel 1 2 3 4 5 6
MV CB
Gen. CB
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
Sig.
Sig. Trip
relays
relays relays
Turbine trip
~
Trip Stator Earth Fault 95%
Field CB


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• Technology and Solutions

Protection and Substation

THE POWER STATION

High voltage circuit breaker

Typ of turbines Generator circuit breaker

Layouts Star point grounding

TPS complementary to class X

TPS high impedance circulating current

30VA rated burden at rated secondary

5 total error in % at accuracy limit and

Internal faults External faults

Inter-turn faults Over excitation Loss of

Ground fault Asymetric load

Over temperature Over/ under voltage

Stator ground fault

Interturn fault Earth fault

Differential protection for

Diff. Gen. 87G

g = 0.1 In Generator differential prot. 87G

Voltage controlled over current

95% stator ground

Unit energized generator circuit

Busbar earth fault

95% stator ground fault protection

95% stator ground

Unit energized generator circuit

Busbar earth fault

95% stator ground fault protection

95% stator ground

87G Generator differential protection

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