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Vidyanandan
Power Management Institute, NTPC Ltd.
Noida, Delhi - NCR, India.
Dr. K. V. Vidyanandan
Power Management Institute, NTPC Ltd.
Noida, Delhi - NCR, India.
NEED FOR TURBINE PROTECTION
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GOVERNING OIL RACK (KWU- 200 MW)
TRIP GEAR AND REMOTE TRIP SOLENOID
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TURBINE PROTECTIONS (KWU - 500 MW)
FEW TRIPPING SET-VALUES
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GENERATOR MOTORING
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FIRE PROTECTION -1
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FIRE PROTECTION - 2
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MECHANICAL OVER-SPEED TRIP DEVICE
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OVER-SPEED TRIP DEVICE (KWU)
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OVER-SPEED TRIP DEVICE (KWU)
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THRUST BEARING TRIP DEVICE
1. Compression spring
2. Bearing pedestal
3. Piston
4. Valve body
5. Turbine shaft
6. Pawl
7. Torsion spring
8. Piston
9. Compression spring
10. Limit switch
11. Knob
a: Test Oil
c: Return Oil
u: Aux. Startup Oil
x: Aux. Trip Oil
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ELECT. TURBINE PROTECTIONS (660 MW)
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Dr. K. V. Vidyanandan
Power Management Institute, NTPC Ltd.
Noida, Delhi - NCR, India.
GENERATOR TRANSIENT BEHAVIOUR
❖ After the occurrence of a fault, the fault current reduces with time.
* u: under
o: over
E.g.: For 660 MW unit, PTurb = 660 MW, PGen = 777 MVA.
❖ Trapped flux within the machine can cause fault current to flow
for many seconds after the generator is tripped and the field
excitation is disconnected.
❖ Backup protection for phase faults in Gen., GT, GT-765kV bus, UATs,
is provided by a Diff. RelayD(r.8K.7V.VGidTya)naondranaphase distance relay (21).
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DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION (87 G)
❖ Combines two coils, one for operation and other for restraining
❖ Operating coil is connected to the midpoint of the restraining coil
❖ Differential current in the operating coil is proportional to (I1 - I2)
❖ Current in the restraining coil is proportional to (I1 + I2)/2
Split Phase
Protection
Voltage Based
❖ With a φ-G fault, the ground fault current will be small, but the
voltages on the un-faulted phases can reach up to L-L voltage.
❖ AVR failure
❖ Loss of field to the main exciter
❖ Accidental tripping of the field breaker
❖ Short circuits in the field circuits
❖ Poor brush contact in the exciter
❖ Field circuit-breaker latch failure
❖ Loss of ac supply to the excitation system
❖ Slip ring flashover
❖ When excitation is lost, rotor current (If), internal voltage (E) and
terminal voltage (Vt) falls.
❖ Due to reduced voltage, stator current increases for the same Pe.
❖ Usually caused by
➢ Operator error
➢ Breaker flash-over
➢ Control circuit malfunction
❖ The high current induced in rotor will cause severe rotor damage.
2
Type of Generator Permissible l2 .t
Salient pole generator 40
Cylindrical rotor generator
Indirectly cooled 30
Directly cooled (0-800 MVA) 10
Directly cooled (801-1600 MVA) As per curve
* As per ANSI C50.13-1989
❖ As a result, some units will tend to speed up and some will tend
to slow down.
❖ During this, the rotor angle swings around the final steady state
value and produces power swings resulting in heavy current flow.
❖ During line faults, the change in ‘Z’ is very fast (i.e. dZ/dt is fast)
and ‘Z’ moves towards the tripping zone of the mho relay.
❖ By measuring the time ‘Z’ takes to cross two selected points, dZ/dt
can be calculated and thus tripping or blocking can be decided.
❖ Normally blocking: dZ/dt >D3
.r K5.V-
. V4id0yanmandsa,nelse tripping.
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Dr. K. V. Vidyanandan
kvvidyas@gmail.com