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    Blouet--Capitulo 4

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    9 views15 pages

    Blouet - Capitulo 4

    Uploaded by

    Naaomy Duque

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 15
    CHAPTER 4 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND GLOBAL AFFAIRS Brian W. Blouet and Olwyn M, Blouet INTRODUCTION This chapter outlines boundary problems inherited from the colonial era. Examples of bound- ary disputes are discussed as states have gone to war in competition for territory and resources. ‘There have been boundary wars between the United States and Mexico; Chile, Bolivia, and Peru; Peru and Ecuador; El Salvador and Honduras; and Bolivia and Paraguay; and near wars between Argentina and Chile over their boundary in the Andes and in the Beagle Channel. Jn 1982, Argentina unsuccessfully attacked the Falkland (Malvinas) islands. Skirmishes took place on the border between Peru and Ecuador before a settlement in the 1990s. Dormant disputes include Guatemala’s claim on Belize, and Venezuelan designs on part of Guyana. ‘The chapter then discusses global events, including World War I, the Great Depression, ‘World War Il, the Cold War, and recent developments, BOUNDARY DISPUTES Within the Spanish American empire the boundaries of viceroyalties and audiencias were not precisely defined on the ground. Newly independent successor states didnot inherit a demar- cated piece of earth space with boundary markers around, Disputes were inevitable, Argentina—Chile; Argentina-Britain Argentina traditionally had a doctrine that Chile was a Pacific power and Argentina was an Atlantic power. Argentina periodically claimed several islands, at the eastern end of the Beagle channel, on the grounds that they were “Atlantic” islands. Britain had arbitrated a 1902 settle- ‘ment, but in the 1970s Argentina pressed claims. An international tribunal reported in Chile's favor, but the Argentine military government rejected the report and prepared for war. Bishops in Chile and Argentina sought papal intervention. Although minor concessions were made to Argentina, the military junta was not satisfied, and Argentina turned to another target—the Falkland islands and South Georgia British settlers oceupied the Falkland Istands in 1832. Possessing a fine natural harbor, the Falklands formed a base both for whaling and the Royal Navy. De facto the Falklands were long-established British territory occupied by around two thousand people who spoke English, preserved a British heritage, and patronized the Port Stanley “Upland Goose” pub, B ys and Global Affairs 76 Chapter 4, International Rel BH Fouereonotee com Gaucho herding Hereford cattle in Argentina. Traditionally dressed Gauchos are the cowboys of the Pampas and Patagonia in Argentina. Argentina referred to the Falklands as Las Malvinas, and, in international law had a de jure claim on the islands. Las Malvinas, named by fishermen from the French port of St. Malo, hhad been part of Spanish South American territory and Argentina for a few years after inde- pendence and before 1832. Further, the island group is on Argentina’s continental shell. On April 2, 1982, Argentine forces invaded the Falklands. In spite of the approsching South Atlantic winter the British government, led by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, dis- patched a task force of troop ships, destroyers, aircraft carriers, and submarines. When the British troops got ashore they were too much for Argentina’s conscript army. The land battle ‘was quickly over and the discredited military government in Buenos Aires fell. Democracy was restored. Argentina continues to insist that the Falklands are part of their province of Tierra del Fuego. The islands remain a British Overseas Territory, and the inhabitants have British citizenship and the right of self-

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