European Journal of Research www.journalofresearch.

de
¹ 1/2019 info@journalofresearch.de

SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES

Manuscript info:
Received December 12, 2018., Accepted December 17, 2018., Published January 20, 2019.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF BERND RADTKE ON THE

STUDYING HAKIM TIRMIDHI'S SCIENTIFIC
HERITAGE

Nodir Karimov Rakhmonkulovich,

PhD student, Tashkent State Institute of Oriental Studies,
Uzbekistan. E-mail:nodir-karimov@list.ru

http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2521-3253-2019-1-12

Abstract: The article isaimed at studying the role of Bernd Radtke in the study of the
scientific heritage of Hakim Termizi. The research analyzes the scientific works of Bernd
Ratke dedicated to the scholar. As Bernd Radtke said: "In the medieval biographical
dictionaries and the Sufi handbooks where one woud normally expect to find such
information, little is recorded about the life and activities of the author Hakim Tirmidhi
dubbed "al-Hakim", the Wise". Bernd Radtke spent many years of his life to study Hakim
Tirmidhi's scientific heritage and during this period, he published numerous articles on
diverse aspects of Tirmidhi. We can say that he is one of well-known scholars who is well-
aware of Hakim Tirmidhi's works. The contribution of Bernd Radtke is very vital in the
studying Hakim Tirmidhi's scientific heritage. In this article, it will be an attempt to
analyze Bernd Radtke's works.
Key words: Bernd Ratke, Hakim Tirmidhi, "al-hakim"(Wise), "Riyozat an-nafs",
"Hatm ul-avliyo" , "Kitob ul-akyos val-mughtaryn", "gwavr ul-umur".

Recommended citation: Nodir Karimov. THE CONTRIBUTION OF BERND RADTKE

ON THE STUDYING HAKIM TIRMIDHI'S SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE. 1 European Journal
of Research P. 95-103 (2019).

INTRODUCTION
Hakim Tirmidhi was apparently born between 820 and 830 AD in
Termez, Khorasan, nowadays Uzbekistan. His father was a scholar of
hadith and a jurist; his early education appears to have been very orthodox.
He was reared as a scholar of hadith and fiqh (law), more specifically, the
Hanafi school of law that was dominant in eastern territories of Iran. The
range of Tirmidhi's education included the sciences, such as Greek natural
science and philosophy. His subsequent reference to learning the use of the
astrolabe, implying a knowledge of astronomy and mathematics, has been
given different interpretations. "There is no trace of influence from 'natural
science' in his writings." But being a Sufi Master is enough to accept that
Vienna, Austria Generalization of Scientific Results

95
European Journal of Research www.journalofresearch.de
¹ 1/2019 info@journalofresearch.de

he did. However, his general pursuit of knowledge gained him the name of
"al-hakim" (the title which means he had mastered the five sciences-
Mathematics-Logic-Music-Medicine and Astronomy) [7]. His full name is
Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Ali bin Hasan bin Bashir[1] Al-Hakim At-
Termizi.Hakim Termidhi is the author of more than 80 scientific works
(more than 400 in some publications) and a famous figure in the Islamic
Sufism.Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate his works in
the West and the East, among them Bernd Radtke's scientific work is of
particular importance.This research analyzes the works of famous scientist
Bernd Radtke based on the study of the scientific heritage of Hakim Termidhi.
LITERATURE REVIEW
In this research, B.Radtke’s following scientific works are
analyzed: “The Concept of Sainthood in Early Islamic Mysticism” (Co-
author: O'Kane),“Al-Ḥakīm at-Tirmiḏi. Ein islamischer Theosoph”,
“Der Mystiker al-Ḥakīm at-Tirmiḏī”, “Drei Schriften des Theosophen
von Tirmiḏ”, “Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi on miracles”, “Some recent
research on al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī” and “Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi” by G.
Gobillot are used efficiently.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This is qualitative research using the content analysis approach.
About ten Bernd Radtke’s works and other materials are used to explain
the contribution of Bernd Radtke on the studying Hakim Tirmidhi’s
scientific heritage.. Besides that, the researcher had used journals,
manuscripts and articles to collect data related to the research.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

German Orientalist Bernd Radtke has devoted more than 30 years
to study the legacy of Hakim Tirmidhi. Bernd Radtke has had an interest
in Hakim Tirmidhi for a long time which received encouragement from
his teacher of long standing and thesis adviser Professor Fritz Meier. His
Ph.D. thesis was published in 1980 as vol. 58 in the series
Islamkundiliche Untersuchungen with the title “Al-Ḥakīm at-Tirmiḏi.
Ein islamischer Theosoph des 3/9. Jahrhunderts” [5]. This dissertation
was a reason for many discussions by different scholars. The most
important parts of it were reviewedby G.R.Hawting in “Bulletin of the
School of Oriental and African Studies”. The following opinions were
given by G. R.Hawting:“This discussion of the early Muslim mystic al-
Hakim al-Tirmidhi (d. early fourth/tenth century) is a revision of the
author's thesis presented at the University of Basel in 1974.
Vienna, Austria Generalization of Scientific Results

96
European Journal of Research www.journalofresearch.de
¹ 1/2019 info@journalofresearch.de

The work consists of a discussion of Tirmidhi's biography, an

attempt to establish a list of his literary works, with reference to printed
editions and manuscripts, a brief examination of some of his ideas and
arguments, and, finally, translations into German of selected passages
from his writings. There is a brief examination of Tirmidhi's influence
on the mystics of his own and subsequent generations, but the work does
not discuss in any detail his place in the development of Sufism. Within
the limits which he has set himself Radtke has produced a useful
introduction to Tirmidhi, providing more detail than, and some revisions
of, earlier discussions of his life and works, notablythose by N. Heer (in
The world of Islam: studies in honour of Philip K. Hitti, London, 1959,
121 ff.) and Othman Yahya (in Milanges Massignon, Iri, Damascus,
1957, 411 ff.).
The book is a photographically reproduced typescript. No doubt
this form is now necessary and generally acceptable, but it does have
disadvantages in a work of this nature which contains several lists
involving subsections. Unless one starts at the beginning of a chapter
(and even these do not seem immediately obvious), the limited repertoire
of typefaces and sizes makes it difficult to see exactly where one is.
Since the purpose of lists is, presumably, to facilitate speed of reference,
the limitations in this area are unfortunate. One valuable section of the
book is Radtke's discussion of the authenticity of Tirmidhi's “Kitab al-
hajj”, which, he concludes, has been revised after Tirmidhi's death. One
might easily miss this discussion, however, since it appears in the
section devoted to Tirmidhi's life, rather than in the bibliographical
section where one would expect it, and Radtke's index does not refer to
the individual works of Tirmidhi. Radtke's bibliography does not include
any of the works on Sufism by Annemarie Schimmel. G.R.Hawting was
interested to find that, whereas Radtke (pp.16,38) rather implies that he
is breaking new ground by suggesting a death date for Tirmidhi
“between 295/907 and 310/922”, Schimmel too says that he died in the
early tenth century, rather than the more usual 285/898 (Annemarie
Schimmel, “Mystical dimensions of Islam”, Chapel Hill, 1975, 55). One
should also point out that Radtke's bibliography does not refer to the
Ph.D. thesis of M. I.al-Geyoushi (Al- Tirmidhi, his works and his
opinions, University of London, 1970), nor to two works which he
(does, however, say in his foreword that he was unable to consult: 'Abd
al-Fattah Barakat, “al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi wa-nazariyyatuhu fi'l wilaya”,
2 vols., Cairo, 1971, and Yves Marquet, al-Hakim al-Tirmidi et le
ndoplatonisme de son temps, Dakar, 1976. For the sake of completeness,
these should have been listed in the bibliography” [4,p.578-579].
Vienna, Austria Generalization of Scientific Results

97
European Journal of Research www.journalofresearch.de
¹ 1/2019 info@journalofresearch.de

American scholar Nicholas Heer [8] who is a professor of

University of Washington. He gives positive ideas on Bernd Radtke’s
thesis. He discusses all dissertation and explains the good parts of Bernd
Radtke’s work. He says: “This book, a study of the thought and
doctrines of Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi, a
prominent Sufi of the third Islamic century, consists of six parts.
Part I deals with the sparse information concerning al-Tirmidhi’s
life. Because the dates of al-Tirmidhi’s birth and death have never been
determined with certainty, the author has attempted to set termini a quo
and ad quem for each. He concludes that al-Tirmidhi must have been
born before 220/835 (very possibly in 210/825), that he lived to be over
65 years of age, and that he died between 295/907 and 310/922.
Part II is devoted to an enumeration of al-Tirmidhi’s works and
the manuscripts in which they are found. Al-Tirmidhi was a prolific
writer and a surprising number of manuscripts of his works have
survived to the present day. In fact, it is highly probable that not all the
surviving manuscripts of his works have as yet been discovered. For this
reason, as the author rightly points out, a complete list of al-Tirmidhi's
works remains a task for the future. Presented here, therefore, is a list of
all of al-Tirmidhi's works which have been printed or edited as well as
information, much of it new, on some of the major manuscript
collections of al-Tirmidhi's works. Particular attention is given to the
following manuscripts: “Ismail Sa'ib” (1571; Leipzig 212; Paris 5018)
and “Wali al-Din” (770). Included also is a description of Guttingen 256,
which contains a copy of al-Tirmidhi's “Ilm al-Awliya” and has not
previously been described.
In Part III the author takes up al-Tirmidhi’s mystical doctrine. He
points out that al-Tirmidhi was not a systematic thinker but was, on the
contrary, a mystic; and that, consequently, one should not expect to find
in his works a complete and unified theological system free from
contraditions. Among the topics discussed in this part are al-Tirmidhi's
doctrines concerning God and the cosmos, the double nature of man, the
knowledge and vision of God, the path of the mystic, and prophethood
and sainthood. There is also a section on al-Tirmidhi’s place in the
mysticism of his time. Part IV consists of translations of selected texts
from various works of al-Tirmidhi. Included are selections from “Jawab
Kitab min al-Rayy”, “Riyadat al-Nafs”, “Al-Akyas wa-al Mughtarrin”,
“Khatm al Awliya”, the fetters to Abu Uthman al-Hiri and Muhammad
ibn al Fadl al-Balkhi, and Nawadir al-Usul.

Vienna, Austria Generalization of Scientific Results

98
European Journal of Research www.journalofresearch.de
¹ 1/2019 info@journalofresearch.de

Part V contains a list of the Persian words and sentences which are
to be found in al-Tirmidhi’s works, and Part VI contains foot notes and
references. At the end of the book is a very useful bibliography and a
complete index of proper names and Arabic and Persian technical terms.
This is the first book in a European language to deal with al Tirmidhi’s
mystical system as a whole. It should prove of value not only to scholars
concerned with al-Tirmidhi himself, but to all those who have an interest
in early Islamic mysticism”[3, p.61-62].
In the 1980s, Bernd Radtke published an article on Sufism in
Hakim Tirmidhi's works [9, p.237-245].In this study, the views of
Hakim Tirmidhi on Sufism, the duties and functions of the Sufi were
discussed.
In 1989, Bernd Radtke’s “A Forerunner of Ibn al-'Arabî: Hakîm
Tirmidhî on Sainthood” was first published in the Journal of the
Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society [2]. In his article, He says: “Here my
concern is not so much with Ibn al-'Arabî himself, but rather with people
who lived before him and especially with the one man whom I consider
to be the predecessor as such of Ibn al-'Arabî, and that is al-Hakim al-
Tirmidhi, the sage of Tirmidh”. It is the fact that Hakim Tirmidhi was
spiritual teacher of Ibn Arabi and to understand Ibn Arabi better, Hakim
Tirmidhi’s legacy should be studied deeply. After that part, He gives a
short biographical sketch about Hakim Tirmidhi’s life. According to
Bernd Radthe’s article, the major part of his writings have been
preserved and have had a considerable influence upon the development
of Sufism. This applies particularly to his best known, although not his
most extensive work, called “Sirât al-awliyâ”, which may be translated
'The Lives (or The Road) of the Friends of God (or the Saints). Up to
now it has been known under the title, “Khatm al-awliya”, which means
'The Seal of the Friends of God (or the Saints). In the later parts, he
discussed the terms such as “friendship of God” or “sainthood”, “haqq”,
“ma’rifa”, “sadr”, “sidq”and compared Hakim Tirmidhi and Ibn Arabi’s
opinions and tired to show similarities and differences. And he
concludes that Ibn al-Arabî has taken over a considerable number of
ideas from Hakîm Tirmidhî, even part of his terminology. Just as Hakîm
Tirmidhî does, so Ibn al-Arabi places the friendship of God within a
cosmological context, and he too, to point to a very decisive similarity,
acknowledges divine inspiration even after the death of the Prophet
Mohammed. This is one source of the controversy which rages around
Ibn al-Arabî to the present day. Ibn al-'Arabî too speaks of 'the seal of
sainthood', a term which Hakîm Tirmidhî first introduced into Islamic
mysticism. With this brief outline I hope I have been able to make a
small contribution to a better understanding of the Shaykh al-Akbar.
Vienna, Austria Generalization of Scientific Results

99
European Journal of Research www.journalofresearch.de
¹ 1/2019 info@journalofresearch.de

In 1992, Bernd Radtke Hakim published Tirmidhi’s three books:

“Kitab siyar al-avliya”(“The book about pictures of Awliya”),“Garab al-
masailallati saalahu ahl Sarahs anha”(The wonderful things which asked
from people of Sarahs), “Javab kitab Uthmon bin Said min ar-Ray”(The
response to the letter of Uthman bin Said from Ray) with title of “Drei
Schriften des Theosophen von Tirmiḏ. I. Teil: die arabischen Texte”
(“Drei Schriften des Theosophen von Tirmiḏ. I. Teil: die arabischen
Texte”) [12,p.287].The translation and commentary of that book was
published in 1996.Bernd Radtke clarified that Hakim Tirmidhi had used
the ideas such as “friendship of God” or “sainthood”, “haqq”, “ma’rifa”
even before Al-Farobi (d.339/951), Ibn Sino (d.428/1037), Suhravardi
(d.586/1191), Ibn al-Arabi (d.637/1240) in this research. In 2000, “Al-
Hakim al-Tirmidhi on miracles” by Bernd Radtke was published to
analyze Hakim Tirmidhi’s interesting ideas [10, p.287-99].According to
Hakim Tirmidhi, only the friends of God are able to see Allah's
miracles.Doing good things in the world and helping those in need can
lead to closeness to Allah.Bernd Ratke states in this article that Hakim
Tirmidhi had a special role in the mysticism.
In 2006, the author’s one of recent article called “Some recent
research on al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī” is published in “Der Islam” [11,p.39-
89]. In this article, the author gives detailed information on Hakim
Tirmidhi’s “Kitab ul-a’zo van nafs va yusammo kazolika gavr ul-umur”
(“The book about the body and the soul or the essence of work”) and its
structure. And he discusses G.Gobillot’s comments on that work [6,
p.306]. Bernd Radtke believes that “Gavr ul-umur”, “Kitab al-haj val
asrarihi”, “Ma’rifat al-asrar” were not written by Hakim
Tirmidhi.However, the books which are kept in the libraries of Paris,
Alexandria, Turkey are titled with the name of Hakim Tirmidhi. In our
opinion, this problem should be studied deeply.
Bernd Radtke and John O'Kane, co-author of the research entitled
“The concept of sainthood in early Islamic mysticism: two works by al-
Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhi” have been one of the deep-rooted studies of the
heritage of the scholar[13, p.148]. In this work, Hakim Tirmidhi’s two
books are discussed the importance of the autobiographical work -
“Bad'u shaani Abu Abdullah”and “Kitab siyar al-awliya”(The book
about pictures of Awliya).Autobiographic work, “Bad'u Shaani Abu
Abdullah”, is the most comprehensive source of information about
Hakim Termezi's life, dynasty, scientific heritage, and other aspects of
his life.In the book “Siyar al-Awliyâ”(The book about Pictures of
Awliya), is about Hakim Tirmidhi’s views on the subject of Awliyâ. The
authors have analyzed the scientific value of both works, the place of
their preservation and their historiography, and revealed the importance
of their role in Islamology.
Vienna, Austria Generalization of Scientific Results

100
European Journal of Research www.journalofresearch.de
¹ 1/2019 info@journalofresearch.de

About this book, Gerhard Bowering gives full review in

“International Journal of Middle East Studies”: “This annotated
translation of selected works by the early Muslim mystic al-Hakim al-
Tirmidhi of northeastern Iran, who died some time between 905 and 910
at about ninety years of age, was produced by the felicitous collaboration
of two scholars. One of them, Bernd Radtke, has previously published
studies in German on al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi and meticulously edited
some of his works, while the other, John O'Kane, is known for his fine
English translations of various Persian sources of Islamic mysticism.
Though titled "Two Works," the book actually includes three
translations: (1) the translation of al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi's autobiography
on pages 15-36 (which Radtke previously translated into German in
Oriens 34 [1994]: 242-98);(2) the translation of al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi's
Sirat al-awliya (The Way of Life of the Friends of God) on pages 38-211
(which, in a slightly different German translation, appeared as the first
part of B. Radtke, Drei Schriften des Theosophen von Tirmid. Zweiter
Teil: Ubersetzung und Kommentar [Beirut, 1996], 9-154); and (3) the
translation of an appendix of text passages selected from other works of
al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi on pages 213-39, also previously published in
German (Drei Schriften: Zweiter Teil, 154-74). The Introduction to the
annotated translations is rather short, and its references are somewhat
sparse and cryptic. The reader is frequently referred to Radtke's German
dissertation on the author (cf. Bernd Radtke, Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi: Ein
islamischer Theosoph des 3./9. Jahrhunderts [Freiburg: Klaus Schwarz,
1980]) and to his edition of the Arabic texts written by al-Hakim al-
Tirmidhi (Drei Schriften des Theosophen von Tirmid. Erster Teil: Die
arabischen Texte [Beirut, 1992]). Unlike many other Islamic mystics of
his time, al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi produced a large number of theological
and mystical writings, many of which are extant today and have
appeared in print. He also compiled an autobiography (short title, Bad'),
which was first studied by F Rosenthal (Analecta Orientalia 14 [1937]:
1-40), then edited with flaws by Othman Yahya (Kitab khatm al-awliya
[Beirut, 1965]: 14-32), and again reproduced in facsimile by Radtke
(Oriens 34 [1994]: 268-76). This is the earliest extant autobiography by
an Islamicmystic prior to that of Muhammad al-Ghazzali (d. 1111), if
the autobiographical fragments of al-Muhasibi (d. 857) are disregarded
(cf. J. van Ess, Die Gedankenwelt des Harit al-Muhasibi [Bonn, 1961]:
2-4). Like all other authentic works of al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi, the
autobiography is written in Arabic, though it is at times enlivened with
citations in Persian, the author's daily language. The second part of al-
Hakim al-Tirmidhi's self-portrait, however, is quite unusual in that it
includes accounts of his dream life as reported by his wife.
Vienna, Austria Generalization of Scientific Results

101
European Journal of Research www.journalofresearch.de
¹ 1/2019 info@journalofresearch.de

In a unique way, these accounts illustrate the inner, spiritual

development of the author and exemplify the importance of dreams in
the religious experience of early Islamic mystics. The translation of the
Sirat al-awliya, the most influential of al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi's works,also
exhibits highly personal features. This work projects the author's own
religious experience onto Islamic mystics in general, presenting a type of
spiritual trajectory that traces the ideal inner life of the Islamic mystic
from the moment of conversion or repentance, through the spiritual
warfare with the egoistic assertions and passionate drives of the mystic's
soul, to the highest stages of contemplation and mystical introspection.
At its climax, this inner process produces the "Seal of Friendship with
God" (khatm al-walaya, khatm al-awliya), the suprememanifestation of
the completed prototype of the mystic as true spiritual successor to the
Prophet Muhammad. Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi's hierarchical theory of
sainthood with the "Seal" at its apex was to become a highly influential
theme in the writings of Ibn al-Arabi (d. 1240). The third portion of the
annotated translations, somewhat misleadingly termed an "appendix,"
actually represents a series of texts selected from other works of al-
Hakim al-Tirmidhi, selections that elaborate themes only partially
presented in the Sirat al-awliya and that highlight the wide scope of his
ideas. The third section is disproportionately short and would be
enhanced by theaddition of other text passages to establish a more
comprehensive representation of al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi's thought that
could guide the reader to a full, systematic understanding of this highly
influential early Islamic mystic. This slight drawback does not, however,
diminish the high value of these accurate and well-annotated English
translations. Taken together, they give the reader a genuine insight into
the important writings of this most influential early mystic of Islam”
[14,p.542-543].
In 2012, Bernd Radtke’s article titled “The ascent to God and the
return from him in Islamic mysticism” was published in “Ishrak.
Ejegodnik islamskoy filosofii”.In this study Bernd Radtke emphasized
that a person's life is not enough to complete study of Hakim Tirmidhi's
heritage and there are many aspects to be studied.In particular, he
explained that there are a range of things to study in Hakim Tirmidhi
and Ibn Arabi's scientific legacy. In our opinion, the issue of deserving
of paradise should be studied separately in the scientific heritage of
Hakim Tirmidhi and Ibn Arabi.
Concluding Remarks: HakimTirmidhi is one of the greatest
thinkers of the Islamic world, and studyinghis written heritage allows us
to be aware of the true essence of Islamic Sufism.Bernd Radtke spent
many years of his life to study Hakim Tirmidhi’s scientific heritage and
during this period, he published numerous articles on diverse aspects of
Tirmidhi.
Vienna, Austria Generalization of Scientific Results

102
European Journal of Research www.journalofresearch.de
¹ 1/2019 info@journalofresearch.de

We can say that he is one of well-known scholars who is well-aware of

Hakim Tirmidhi's works. The contribution of Bernd Radtke is very vital in the
studying Hakim Tirmidhi's scientific heritage.In western countries, Bernd Radtke
was one of the first who started to study Hakim Tirmidhi's scientific heritage. As
Nicholas Heer mentioned, Bernd Radtke's work titled
"Al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidī ?: Ein islamischer Theosoph des 3./9" is the first book
in a European language to deal with al Tirmidhi's mystical system as a whole. It
should prove of value not only to scholars concerned with al-Tirmidhi himself,
but to all those who have an interest in early Islamic mysticism". The contribution
of German scholar Bernd Ratke is an in-depth study of the scientific heritage
of Hakim Termidhi in the western countries and he analyzed the origin and
essence of the first Islamic Sufism through Hakim Tirmidhi's scientific heritage.

References

1. “Ikki buyuk donishmand” (“The two great scholars”) by Ubaydulla Uvatov says that some
historians such as Ash-Sharoniy write Hakim Tirmidhi’s full name is Abu Abdulloh
Muhammad ibn Ali al-Husayn ibn Bashir al-Hakim at-Tirmidhi in his book “At-Tabaqot al-
Kubro”(p.78).
2. Bernd Radtke. A Forerunner of Ibn al-'Arabî: Hakîm Tirmidhî on Sainthood// Journal of
the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society, Vol. VIII, 1989.
3. Bernd Radtke. Al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidī: Ein islamischer Theosoph des 3. /9. Jahrhunderts.
Review by: Nicholas Heer // Middle East Studies Association Bulletin,Vol. 15, No. 1 (July
1981), pp. 61-62
4. Bernd Radtke. Al-Hakīm at-Tirmiḏī: ein islamischer Theosoph des 3./9. Jahrhunderts.
Review by: G.R.Hawting. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University
of London,Vol. 44, No. 3. 1981, pp. 578-579.
5. Bernd Radtke: Al-Ḥakīm at-Tirmiḏī: ein islamischer Theosoph des 3./9. Jakrhunderts.
(Islamkundliche Untersuchungen, Bd. 58.) iii, 192 pp. Freiburg: Klaus Schwarz Verlag,
1980.
6. Gobillot G.Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi. Le Livre de la profondeur des choses. Presses
universitaires du Septentrion, coll. "Racines et modèles". 1998: 306 p.
7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Tirmidhi; B. Radtke, "A Forerunner of Ibn al-
Arabi: Hakim Tirmidhi on Sainthood," Journal of the Ibn Arabi Society (1989) 8: 42–49.;
Karimov N. Some Researches on Hakim Tirmidhi in the USA and Canada//9-10 American
Journal of Research. USA, - P. 4-10 (2018).
8. Nicholas Heer Some Biographical and Bibliographical Notes on Al-Hakim al-
Tirmidhi//The World of Islam: Studies in Honour of P. K. Hitti. London: Macmillan, 1959. –
pp.121-134; Nicholas HeerA Sufi Work on the Stations of the Heart. Seattle, Washington,
2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/4884.;Nicholas Heer.A Sufi PsychologicalTreatise//The
Muslim World. 1961, no.1:25-36, no.2:83-91, no. 3:163-172, no.4:244-258.; Nicholas Heer.
Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi's Kitab al-`ilal //American Oriental Society. New Haven, Connecticut.
1969. Available online from http://hdl.handle .net/1773/4871.
9. Radtke B. Der Mystiker al-Ḥakīm at-Tirmiḏī. – “Der Islam”. –№. 57. 1980. –P. 237–245.
10. Radtke B. Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi on miracles. Denise Aigle (ed.) Miracle et Karama:
saints et leurs miracles à travers l’hagiographiechrétienne et islamique IV e-XV e
siècles. Brepols, Turnhout 2000. –P. 287–99.
11. Radtke B. Some recent research on al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī // “Der Islam” –№.83. 2006. –
P.39–89
Vienna, Austria Generalization of Scientific Results

103