Absorption Of Light By Molecules

2103127

Light by Date-
molecules 20/12/2021

Pranav Varma

E Siva
Absorption of
Subramainum

Experiment
no -3
Aim: To understand why things have
different color.
Theory:
In absorption, the frequency of the incoming light
wave is at or near the energy levels of the
electrons in the matter. The electrons
will absorb the energy of the light wave and
change their energy state.
There are several options that could happen next,
either the electron returns to the ground
state emitting the photon of light or the energy is
retained by the matter and the light is absorbed.
If the photon is immediately re-emitted, the
photon is effectively reflected or scattered. If the
photon energy is absorbed, the energy from the
photon typically manifests itself as heating the
matter up.
The absorption of light makes an object dark or
opaque to the wavelengths or colours of the
incoming wave:
An object appears to be white when it reflects all the
incoming radiations whereas it appears black when all
the incoming radiations are absorbed by it. If the
object reflects some radiation the it appears to be of
that colour.
 An electron is excited from a full orbital into an empty
anti-bonding orbital. Each jump takes energy from the
light, and a big jump obviously needs more energy than
a small one. Each wavelength of light has a particular
energy associated with it. If that particular amount of
energy is just right for making one of these energy
jumps, then that wavelength will be absorbed - its
energy will have been used in promoting an electron.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

The colour opposite to colour absorbed is seen.

Procedure
Take a tablespoon of alum phitkari and crush it.
Put that in the container with water.
Take two handkerchiefs and tie knots in both of
them.
Place both the handkerchief in the above solution
for 30 minutes
Then pat dry the handkerchief
Take a beetroot in a container and add water in
the container and boil them in the medium flame
for 15 minutes.
Then put the two handkerchiefs in the container
and simmer it on the gas for another 15 minutes.
Switch off the gas and let the solution become
cool.
Then take both of the handkerchiefs out of the
solution.
Let them dry

Precautions
Add sufficient amount of crushed alum so that it
can act as moderant .
Crush the alums properly and stir so that it can
get dissolved in the water.
Boil the beetroot solution in medium flame only.
Put the handkerchiefs safely in the boiling
beetroot solution because it can happen that
boiled water may splash so put it cautiously.
Let the handkerchiefs dry under shade
Be cautious while operating the flame

Observations
The handkerchiefs dipped in alum

The change in colour of the handkerchiefs which

was open
The change in colour which was had a knot
As we can see the handkerchief in which the knot
was tied had stripes of white colour which
indicated that the colour pigments -betalains was
not absorbed in knot. Absorption was not done on
the knot. Whereas the handkerchief which was
plain had the colour pigment betalains all over the
surface.
Colour could be seen on both the handkerchiefs
because cotton is fabric that absorbs colour and
while it was placed in the boiled solution the
colour pigments betalains was absorbed by it.
The colour change of handkerchief was from
white to yellow.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

The structure of betalains

The wavelength of colour absorbed will be
between 530 to 580 because it is the wavelength
of green colour which is opposite to reddish
brown colour that appeared on the handkerchief.