Reaction Paper

When I heard that we will be having a fieldtrip, I got so excited because

that is the first time that I will join a fieldtrip. When the day of fieldtrip
began I’m so excited not just me but all of us. I learned more in the Sci-
Math fieldtrip and I enjoyed it too. Ring Bubbles; 1. Dip the ring in the
soap solution. 2. Wave the ring through the air to make a bubble.
Observe the bubble as it floats in the air. What is the shape of the
bubble?
A soap bubble consists of two spherical surface films of soap with a layer
of water between them. Due to surface tension, the films contract. As the
bubble contracts, it compresses the air inside. This increases the internal
pressure to a point that prevents further contraction. The spherical shape
provides the minimal surface area needed to enclose a given volume of
air, making it the most efficient shape for a bubble.
I enjoyed the Frozen Shadows; 1. Press the button and go near the wall.
2. Make a funny pose, wait for the flash, and step away from the wall.
Why is your shadow still on the wall?
The wall is painted using glow-in-the-dark pigments and white paint
binder. The pigments or phosphors absorb light and continue to glow for
2 to 3 minutes even after the light switches off. The pigments have
electrons that are easily excited to higher energy levels when they absorb
light energy. They stay there for a period of time before returning to their
ground state (original energy level) and emitting the excess energy as
visible light. This explains why your shadow remains on the wall after the
short burst of bright light goes off. No light hits the part of the wall where
you stand and so no light is emitted, while the rest of the wall glows in
the dark. But I enjoyed the most was the Wonder House when we enter
the wonder house I can’t explain the feeling while we were inside the
wonder house the important was I enjoyed the fieldtrip and I’m so happy,
that is the best fieldtrip ever.
1. Properties and Characteristics of light
Properties of light:

 Effects of Materials on Light

 Reflection
 Refraction
 Dispersion
 Total Internal Reflection
 Interference
 Diffraction
 Scattering of Light
 Polarization

Characteristics of Light:

 Light is a form of energy produced by luminous objects.

 Light can travel through vacuum.
 Light can penetrate through transparent materials but cannot pass through opaque
objects.
 Light travels in a straight line in an optically homogeneous medium.
 Light bounces back when made to fall on polished surfaces such as mirrors or metal
surfaces. This bouncing back of light is described as reflection.
 The change in the velocity of light when it travels from one transparent medium to
another is described as refraction.
 Light takes the path of least time in passing from one point to the other. This is nothing
but Fermat's principle. The shortest distance between any two given points is a straight
line. Thus Fermat's principle proves the rectilinear propagation of light.
 Light appears to have a dual nature. During propagation, light exhibits wave
characteristics but when it interacts with matter, it behaves like particles.

2. Sources of Light
 Light is a form of energy
 Light travels in waves
 The speed of light is the fastest
 The sun is the most important source of light
 The stars and moon are also natural forms of light
 Artificial light is light made by humans, for example candles, fire and oil lamps
 The electric light is now the most convenient form of artificial light
 The light bulb, neon light and fluorescent tube are types of electric light
 Lasers are also artificial lights
 Infrared and ultraviolet lights are invisible to the human eye

Light is a form of energy. When something burns it often gives off light energy as well as
heat energy. The sun, for example, is a ball of burning gases which give off lots of light. The
earliest form of light that humans used was the light created from burning wood. Today we
get light from many different sources both natural and artificial.
 Light travels in waves (light waves) like ripples across a pond. The waves all travel through
air at the same speed (300 000 kilometres per second, the fastest speed there is). The light
from the sun, which is approximately 150 million kilometres away, can reach the Earth in
about eight minutes.

Light w aves usually travel in straight lines called rays of light. Each light wave is made up of
different wavelengths which make different colours of light. Light waves may be reflected
(bounce off) or refracted (change direction) and may change speed depending on the
material they are passing through.

Our main source of natural light is the sun. The sun is a star that is a huge ball of gas.
Explosions at the centre of the sun produce large amounts of energy. This energy is released as
light and heat. Some of this light reaches Earth and gives us daylight. The light that comes from
the sun is known as white light.

Other forms of natural light include the moon and the stars. The stars provide only small
amounts of light at night as they are billions of kilometres away from Earth. A full moon,
however, can provide quite a lot of light. The light from the moon is just light reflected from
the sun.

Some animals can produce their own light. This is known as bioluminescence. A chemical
reaction is produced in special light-producing cells. This light is then used in a variety of ways
but mainly to attract other creatures. Glow-worms, fireflies, some fish and mushrooms are
examples of living things that can create their own light.

Humans have been able to create and control light for thousands of years. The earliest form of
lighting was with fire such as burning wood, candles, gas or oil. Candles were made out of
beeswax or tallow (animal fat). Oil lamps used plant or animal oil and a wick to burn. Now the
most convenient source of artificial light is the electric light.

Invisible light
There are two types of light that our eyes cannot see: infrared and ultraviolet.

Nearly every living thing (and very hot objects) give out infrared (IR) light. The sun gives out a
lot of infrared radiation. We feel this infrared light as heat.

A lot of ultraviolet (UV) light also comes from the sun. It is very powerful light that cannot be
seen by humans. UV light is the light that causes sunburn and can damage our eyes.
3. Explain:
Reflection:

Reflection is when light bounces off an object. If the surface is smooth and shiny, like glass,
water or polished metal, the light will reflect at the same angle as it hit the surface. This is
called specular reflection. The walls in the room that you are in do not emit their own light;
they reflect the light from the ceiling "lights" overhead. Polished metal surfaces reflect light
much like the silver layer on the back side of glass mirrors. A beam of light incident on the
metal surface is reflected.

Refraction:

Refraction is the bending of light (it also happens with sound, water and other waves) as it
passes from one transparent substance into another.

This bending by refraction makes it possible for us to have lenses, magnifying glasses, prisms
and rainbows. Even our eyes depend upon this bending of light. Without refraction, we
wouldn’t be able to focus light onto our retina. Have you ever seen a rainbow and wondered
where all those colors came from? Or how about when you see a fish swimming just under the
water, but when you reached out to touch it, it was a lot further away? Both of these
examples (along with a lot of other ones) can be explained by understanding the refraction of
light. Refraction occurs when light bends as it passes through a distorting material from one
material to another.

Dispersion:

The process in which light is separated into its colors due to the differences in degrees of
refraction. Dispersion is the property by which light is spread out according to its color as it
passes through an object. For example, when you shine a white light into a , all of the different
colors of light are bent different amounts, so they spread out and make a rainbow. This works
because of the fact that different colors of light actually have different wavelengths. (The
wavelength is the distance between the peaks in the wave.) Light interacts with the molecular
structure of the prism differently depending on its wavelength. So different wavelengths of
light are bent different amounts.