Light, Heat,

and Sound
Unit VIII
Overview:

What is the picture all about? The girl is

comfortably listening to her favorite radio
station while sipping her favorite juice under
the heat of the sun.

What is energy? Energy is the ability of matter

to transmit force and do work. It can be
transformed from one form to another. Actually,
sound, light, and heat are evidences that show
energy is transformed. Light is something that
allows you to see. You cannot hear the sound
of music if there is no radio that is connected
to a power source. Sound is the vibration of
the particles converted into energy. You can
feel the heat coming from the sun. Heat can
be felt from the rays of the sun.

More about light, heat, and sound will be

discussed in this unit.

Loop
Light is a form of
electromagnetic energy which
our sense of sight can detect.
You cannot see yourself,
others, and everything around
you without light. Look and
observe the things around you.
Close the door, windows, and
curtains, then turn off the
lights.
What do you see? Can you
see them clearly? Can you see
colorful and beautiful pictures?
What is the difference before
and after you turn off the light?
Lesson 1:
Properties of Light and
How Light Travels
Focus Points:
1. Investigate the
properties of light
2. Describe how light
travels
3. Describe ways to
protect oneself from
exposure to excessive
light
Light plays a vital role in
our life. It lets us see the
things around us just like
the board, the classroom,
the school, and many
more. Do you want to
learn more about light?
This lesson will give you
more.
Properties of Light

In the Investigate activity, a point light was seen on the

other side of the ceiling. When the talcum powder was
blown on the opposite side, a ray of light became
visible with the light laser pointer coming from the
mirror. The light was reflected by the mirror. The mirror
is called the reflecting surface, and the property of light
demonstrated is reflection.

Reflection is one of the properties of light. It is the

bouncing of light after hitting smooth surfaces. Light
bounces back into the direction of the source at the
same angle. Objects with smooth surfaces such as
stagnant water, windows, shiny metal, and mirrors can
reflect light.

You can see yourself and things around you in front of

the mirror because the mirror reflects the light of your
body back to your eyes. What you see from the mirror
is called the image. The image is like your 'selfie'
picture in your smartphone. Your right side becomes
the left of the image and your left is the right of the
image.
Another property of light is shown in
Activity 8.1. This property is
described as the bending of light
when it travels in different material,
like air to water. You were able to
see the coin even in the presence of
water, as if the coin was floating.
This is because light is bent. The
bending of light as it passes through
another object like air to water is
called refracted light. This property is
called refraction. Refraction is
another property of light. Refraction
is the bending of light when it passes
from materials of different densities.
Why did the light bend? When light
enters two different media, it bends
because the speed of light changes.
Light travels faster in a less dense
material and slower in a denser
material.

Figure 8.4. Refraction of light

A rainbow in Figure 8.5 is a light
phenomenon. As seen in the sky, it
appears as a band of colors in an arc.
You see the colors of red, orange,
yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.
This occurs due to the refraction of the
sun's light rays as it passes through
water droplets from the rain. When the
sun shines on the droplets of water in
the atmosphere, a rainbow is formed.
You learned in your lesson about
refraction that when light strikes the
surface
of a material with different densities, it
changes its speed causing it to bend. In
the activity, light is refracted as it enters
the water and then refracts again as it
leaves the water. The result is light being
reflected in varying angles, creating a
rainbow. This process is called dispersion.
Dispersion is another property of light. It
refers to the ability to break white light into
its constituent colors. White light consists
of all the colors we can see.
Speed of Light

According to some scientists, light

is traveling as a wave. But unlike
sound waves or water waves, it
does not need any medium or
material to carry its energy along.
This means that light can travel
through a vacuum-an airless space.
(Sound, on the other hand, must
travel through a solid, a liquid, or a
gas.) Nothing travels faster than
light. It speeds through the vacuum
of space almost at 186,282 miles
(300,000 km) per second. At that
speed, it takes light one ten
thousandth of a second to travel
around the earth. When light enters
a denser material, it slows down.
The speed of light depends on the
material it strikes and the material's
density.
How Light Travels

Light always travels in a straight line when passing through a single medium. The speed of light is 3.0 x 108 m/s
in vacuum. The speed of light is constant but it is transmitted in varying speed depending on the material.
Transparent material allows light to pass through while opaque material does not. Partial transmission of light
happens in translucent materials.
How to Protect Oneself from Exposure of Too REMEMBER
Much Light
Light has different properties: reflection and refraction.
1. Avoid looking directly at the sun or any bright
sources of light for a long period of time. Use Reflection is the bouncing of light from smooth surfaces.
sunglasses if you really have to look at it or if
the sunlight outside is very bright. Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from materials
of different densities.
2. Avoid watching television too near to the
screen. This might damage your ey sensitivity to
Dispersion refers to the ability of light to break white light into its
light. Keep distance of at least five feet away
constituent colors.
from the television scree

3. If you are using a computer, your eyes feel a

little bit of pain. Long exposure to computer
monitors could be harmful to your eyes.