UNIT 7: REVIEW

OBJECTIVES:
A. To review the Reading Skills
B. To review the Grammatical Items
C. To review Basic Speaking Skills

A. Reading Skills
This unit will review all the reading skills that have been learned, and they include Scanning,
Skimming, and Referents.

Reading 1
After inventing, dynamite, Swedish-born Alfred Nobel became a very rich man. However,
he foresaw its universally destructive powers too late. Nobel preferred not to be
remembered as the inventor of dynamite, so in 1895, just two weeks before his death, he
created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile
5 contributions to humanity.
Originally there were five awards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine, and peace.
Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first awards ceremony.
Nobel’s original legacy of nine billion dollars was invested, and the interest on this sum is
used for the awards which vary from $30,000 to $125,000. Every year on December 10, the
10 anniversary of Nobel’s death, the awards (gold medal, illuminated diploma, and money) are
presented to the winners. Sometimes politics plays an important role in the judges’ decision.
Americans have won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes.
No awards were presented from 1940-1942 at the beginning of World War II. Some
people have won two prizes, but this is rare; others have shared their prizes.
A. Choose the best answer.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
a. Alfred Nobel became very rich when he invented dynamite
b. Alfred Nobel created awards in six categories for contributions to humanity
c. Alfred Nobel left all of his money to science
d. Alfred Novel made a lasting contribution to humanity
2. The Nobel Prize was established in order to ___________.
a. recognize worthwhile contributions to humanity c. spend money
b. resolve political differences d. honor the inventor of dynamite
3. In which area have Americans received the most awards?
a. Literature b. Peace c. Economics d. Science
4. All of the following are true, EXCEPT ………….. .
a. awards vary in monetary value
b. ceremonies are held on December 10 to commemorate Nobel’s invention
c. politics plays an important role in selecting the winners
d. a few individuals have won two awards

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 5. In how many fields are prizes bestowed?
a. 2 b. 5 c. 6 d. 10
6. It is implied that Nobel’s profession was in
a. Economics b. Medicine c. Literature d. Science
7. How much money did Nobel leave for the prize?
a. $ 30,000 b. $ 125,000 c. $ 155,000 d. $ 9,000,000
B. Answer the following question.
What do the following words refer to?
1. “its” in line 2 4. “which” in line 8
2. “he” in line 3 5. “this” in line 14
3. “who” in line 4 6. “others” in line 14

C. Structure
This unit will also review some grammatical items that have been previously given, and they
include Tenses, Yes/No Questions, Wh-Questions, and Passive Voice.

Choose the best answer.

1. The lecture given by the Director yesterday ____________ both informative and enjoyable.
A. have been B. will be C. was D. is
2. I was very tired, _____________ I went to bed early.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
3. : ____________ you listen to the radio every day?
B: No, just occasionally.
A. Do B. Will C. Have D. Are
4. _____________ hobbies do you have?
A. Whom B. What C. Who D. Who does
5. ___________ money do you spend for your meals every week?
A. How many B. What C. Whose D. How much
6. The students __________ have their mid-test next month.
A. will B. do C. Did D. are
7. We __________ to the cineme after we finish our assignment.
A. have gone B. are going to go C. went D. had gone
8. Mr Jones _____________ a teacher since 1990.
A. was B. has been C. will be D. is
9. The engine ______________ when suddenly it stopped.
A. Is running B. runs C. has run D. was running
10. I __________ a meeting of that committee last week.
A. attend B. attended C. is attending D. has attended

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B. Complete the following sentences

1. The class must be ………………………………………………….

2. The students ………………………………………………………. every day.
3. While the teacher is preparing the equipment, ………………………………………………
4. Some students were reading an article while some others …………………………………..
5. I didn’t ……………………………………………………………………………………….
6. The Diploma students ………………………..……………….. since they came to Bogor,
7. I …………………………………………………. before I went to campus.
8. Some teachers ……………………………….for 25 years.

D. Speaking Skills
Basic speaking skills include Asking for Information, Describing Process, Telling Daily Activities,
and Telling Past Activities.

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 UNIT 7 REVIEW
I. Reading Comprehension
Reading 1
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
It has long been known that when exposed to light under suitable conditions of
temperature and moisture, the green parts of plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
and release oxygen to it. These exchanges are the opposite of those that occur in respiration.
The process is called photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, carbohydrates are synthesized from
5 carbon dioxide and water by the chloroplasts of plant cells in the presence of light. In most
plants, the water used in photosynthesis is absorbed from the soil by the roots and translocated
through the xylem of the root and stem to leaves. Except for the usually small percentage used
in respiration, the oxygen released in the process diffuses out of the leaf into the atmosphere
through the stomata. Oxygen is the product of the reaction. For each molecule of carbon
10 dioxide used, one molecule of oxygen is released. A summary chemical equation for
photosynthesis is:
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
As a result of this process, radiant energy from the sun is stored as chemical energy. In
turn, the chemical energy is used to decompose carbon dioxide and water. The products of
15 their decomposition are recombined into a new compound, which is successively built up into
more and more complex substances. After many intermediate steps, sugar is produced. At the
same time, a balance of gases is preserved in the atmosphere.

A. Choose the best answer.

1. Which title best expresses the ideas in this passage?
A. A Chemical Equation C. The Parts of Vascular Plants
B. The Process of Photosynthesis D. The Production of Sugar

2. In photosynthesis, water __________.

A. must be present C. is stored as chemical energy
B. is produced in carbohydrates D. interrupts the chemical reaction

3. Which process is the opposite of photosynthesis?

A. Decomposition B. Synthetization C. Diffusion D. Respiration

4. The combination of carbon dioxide and water to form sugar results in an excess of ________.
A. water B. oxygen C. carbon D. chlorophyll

5. In photosynthesis, energy from the sun is _______.

A. changed to chemical energy
B. conducted from the xylem to the leaves of green plants
C. not necessary to the process
D. released one to one for each molecule of carbon dioxide used

6. Besides the manufacture of food for plants, what is another benefit of photosynthesis?

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 A. It produces solar energy
B. It diffuses additional carbon dioxide into the air
C. It maintains a balance of gases in the atmosphere
D. It removes harmful gases from the air

7. The word “It” in line 1 refers to ____________.

A. nothing B. atmosphere C. light D. temperature

8. Which of the following is NOT true of the oxygen used in photosynthesis?

A. Oxygen is absorbed by the roots.
B. Oxygen is used in respiration.
C. Oxygen is the product of photosynthesis.
D. Oxygen is released into the atmosphere through the leaves.

9. The word “It” in line 3 refers to ____________.

A. nothing B. atmosphere C. oxygen D. carbon dioxide

10. The word “their” in line 13 refers to _________.

A. radiant energy and chemical energy C. products
B. carbon dioxide and water D. complex substances

B. Answer the following questions.

11. The part of speech of the word ‘suitable” is ……………………….………………....

12. The part of speech of the word “presence” is “………………………………………..
13. The part of speech of the word “difuses” is ……………………………………………..

Reading 2
Read the following text and answer the questions that follow.
Fertilizers is any substance that can be added to the soil to provide chemical elements
essential for plant nutrition. Natural substances such as animal droppings and straw have been
used as fertilizers for thousands of years, and lime has been used since the Romans introduced it
during the Empire. It was not until the nineteenth century, in fact, that chemical fertilizers
5 became popular. Today, both natural and synthetic fertilizers are available in a variety of forms.
A complete fertilizer is usually marked with a formula consisting of three numbers, such
as 4-8-2 or 3-6-2, which designate the percentage content of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and
potash in the order stated.
Synthetic fertilizers are available in either solid or liquid form. Solids, in the shape of
10 chemical granules are popular because they are easy to store and apply. Recently, liquids have
shown an increase in popularity, accounting for about 20 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer used
throughout the world. Formerly, powders were also used, but these were found to be less
convenient than either solids or liquids.
Fertilizers have no harmful effects on the soil, the crop, or the consumer as long as they
15 are used according to recommendation based on the results of local research. Occasionally,
however, farmers may use more fertilizer than necessary, damaging not only the crop but also
the animals or humans that eat it. Accumulations of fertilizer in the water supply accelerate the
growth of algae and, consequently, may disturb the natural cycle of life, contributing to the death
of fish. Too much fertilizer on grass can cause digestive disorders in cattle and in infants who drink
cow’s milk.

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Choose the best answer.
14. What is the topic of the text above?
A. Local research and harmful effects of fertilizer C. Content, form, and effects of fertilizer
B. Advantages and disadvantages of liquid fertilizer D. A formula for the production of fertilizer
15. What is the percentage of nitrogen in a 5-8-7 formula fertilizer?
A. 3 percent B. 5 percent C. 7 percent D. 8 percent
16. Which of the following statements about fertilizer is true?
A. Powders are more popular than ever. C. Liquids are increasing in popularity.
B. Solids are difficult to store. D. Chemical granules are difficult to apply.
17. What happens when too much fertilizer is used?
A. Local research teams provide recommendations. C. Animals and humans may become ill.
B. Algae in the water supplies begin to die. D. Crops have no harmful effects.
18 The word “it” in line 3 refers to ___________.
A. straw B. lime C. animal dropping D. fertilizer
19. The word “these” in line 12 refers to ________.
A. powders B. solids C. liquids D. fertilizers

Reading 3
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

Starfish are not really fish and belong to the family of echinoderms which are spiny skinned
sea animals, that is, their skin is covered with thorny bumps. Most starfish have five arms like
extensions on their bodies, and they look like a five-pointed star; however, some other kinds have
as any as 40 or more arms. Starfish, like other members of the echinoderm family, have what is
5 called radial symmetry, indicating that the body parts of these animals are arranged around the
center, kind of like spokes of a wheel around a hub. One of the special features of the starfish is
that it can drop off arms as a defensive reaction, to get away from an attacker, for example. They
can then grow new arms to replace the old ones. Starfish reproduce by releasing eggs into the sea,
and these eggs develop into larvae, and can swim freely. These early forms, which are what larvae
10 are, differ from adult starfish because the larvae have bilateral symmetry. That means that the two
halves of the larvae look exactly the same which makes them look a lot different from the later
form of starfish. Eventually, the larvae sink to the ocean bottom and change into the adult radial
form.

A. Choose the best answer.

20. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Reproduction in echinoderms C. The form and life cycle of starfish
B. The feeding habits and digestive systems of starfish D. How fish avoid their enemies
21. What does the writer say about the skin of echinoderms?
A. It consists of a protective film C. It can be shed easily
B. It is covered with scales D. It is covered with sharp bumps
22. Why does the writer give the example of a hub of a wheel surrounded by spokes?
A. To explain how a starfish reproduces
B. To illustrate the shape of a starfish
C. To demonstrate the defense mechanism of starfish

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 D. To show how larvae changes into adult starfish
23. What happens if a starfish loses an arm?
A. It generates a new one C. It is easily caught
B. It cannot swim D. It dies soon afterwards

24. What is the major difference between newly developed and adult starfish?
A. Their diets C. Where they feed
B. The shape of their bodies D. Their method of defense

B. Decide whether the following sentences are TRUE or FALSE.

25. The word “their” in line 2 refers to spiny skinned sea animals.
26. The word “it” in line 7 refers to nothing.
27. The word “ones” in line 8 refers to starfish.
28. The word “them” in line refers to larvae.

Reading 4
Read the following text and answer the questions that follow.

Line A rather surprising geographical feature of Antarctica is that a huge freshwater lake, one of the
world’s largest and deepest, lies hidden there under four kilometers of ice. Now known as Lake
Vostok, this huge body of water is located under the ice block that comprises Antarctica. The lake is
able to exist in its unfrozen state beneath the block of ice because its water is warmed by
5 geothermal heat from the earth’s core. The thick glacier above Lake Vostok actually insulates it from
the frigid temperatures (the lowest ever recorded on Earth) on the surface.
The lake was first discovered in the 1970s while a research team was conducting an aerial survey
of the area. Radio waves from the survey equipment penetrated the ice and revealed a body of
water of indeterminate size. It was not until much more recently that data collected by satellite
10 made scientists aware of the tremendous size of the lake; the satellite-borne radar detected an
extremely flat region where the ice remains level because it is floating on the water of the lake.
The discovery of such a huge freshwater lake trapped under Antarctica is of interest to the
scientific community because of the potential that the lake contains ancient microbes that have
survived for thousands of years, unaffected by factors such as nuclear fallout and elevated
15 ultraviolet light that have affected organisms in more exposed areas.

Cross T if the following statement is TRUE and F if it is FALSE.

29. The topic of the passage is the discovery of Lake Vostok in Antarctica.
30. Lake Vostok is the world’s largest and deepest lake in the world.
31. Lake Vostok is completely frozen under four kilometers of ice.
32. Lake Vostok is a saltwater lake.
33. Lake Vostok water is greatly influenced by geothermal heat (T)
34 The survey conducted by a research team in 1970s did not measure the exact size of the lake.
35. Satellite was used by researchers who discovered Lake Vostok in 1970s.
36. The size of Lake Vostok had been able to be detected by the satellite-borne radar.
37. The meaning of the word “frigid” in line 6 is extremely hot.
38. The scientific community has no interest in Lake Vostok since it contains only water.
39. Nuclear fallout and elevated ultraviolet light may damage organisms living in more exposed areas.
40. The word “that” in line 15 refers to nuclear fallout and elevated ultraviolet light.

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C. STRUCTURE

PART 1
1. ____________ you go to Kate's house last night?
A. Is B. Are C. Does D. Did
2. A: ____________ you listen to the radio every day?
B: No, just occasionally.
A. Do B. Will C. Have D. Are
3. _____________ hobbies do you have?
A. Whom B. What C. Who D. Who does

4. ___________ money do you spend for your meals every week?

A. How many B. What C. Whose D. How much
5. _____________ do the students go to campus every day?
A. What B. When C. How D. How long
6. The sun was shining, _____________ the sky was blue.
A. nor B. so C. and D. but
7. John had been working so hard, _____________he didn’t feel tired.
A. so B. but C. or D. for
8. I was very tired, _____________ I went to bed early.
A. and B. or C. but D. so

9. The government _____________ prepared for what happens with the economy.
A. is B. are C. has been D. was
10. The lecture given by the Director yesterday ____________ both informative and enjoyable.
A. have been B. will be C. was D. is
11. Julia is very good at languages, and she ___________ four languages very well.
A. speak B. speaks C. is speaking D. have spoken
12. The president is in Bogor at the moment. He ____________ at Pangrango Hotel.
A. is staying B. stays C. are staying D. have stayed

13. The students ________________ English since they were at Elementary School.
A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. are learning
14. Sue wasn't hungry, so she _____________ anything.
A. hasn’t eaten B. ate C. doesn’t eat D. didn’t eat
15. Paul and I played tennis yesterday. He's much better than me, so he ______________ easily.
A. win B. won C. is winning D. have won
16. I can't go out because I ________________my work.
A. hasn’t finished B. haven’t finished C. don’t finish D. am not finishing
17. The students ______________ their documents before they applied for the scholarship.
A. had prepared B. have prepared C. are preparing D. will prepare

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18. When my supervisor came to my class the other day, I ______________ on my class project.
A. work B. have worked C. were working D. was working
19. Maria ______________ John for three years. She wonders where he is.
A. will not see B. doesn’t see C. is not seeing D. hasn’t seen
20. Newspapers _____________ every morning and every evening.
A. deliver B. are delivered C. have been delivered D. are delivering
21. I ………………. get you a shawl from Kashmir. (Possibility)
A. may B. should C. could D. must
22. …………….. you mind if I borrowed your car?
A. Would B. Can C. May D. Could
23. This is a secret between you and me, so we ________ tell anyone.
A. Can B. may C. musn’t D. couldn’t
24. To get a driving licence you _________ be over 18.
A. Can B. may C. must D. could
25. She ____________ come with us because she's broken her leg.
A. shouldn’t B. can’t C. musn’t D. couldn’t

PART 2
Choose the best answer.

1. Green plants _________ energy derived from with water and carbon dioxide to make food.
A. combines B. is combining C. has combined D. combine
2. Oxygen and nutrients ______ the body’s tissues by passing from the blood through the capillary wall.
A. reach B. reaches C. is reaching D. has reached
3. Soft drinks _________ phosphates which can prevent lead poisoning.
A. contains B. contain C. are containing D. has contained
4. Average world temperatures ________ to a half degree Celsius since the mid-19th century.
A. have risen B. rise C. is rising D. rose
5. We _____________ friends since we were children.
A. are B. have been C. were D. had been
6. While Mary __________ her homework, Jane is preparing their dinner.
A. was doing B. are doing C. is doing D. has done
7. Joko Widodo ____________ as the Governor of Jakarta before he was elected as the President of
Indonesia in 2014.
A. serves B. has served C. served D. is serving
8. Canada ____________ to cultivate wheat in 1910.
A. begins B. has begun C. begin D. Began
9. The students _____________ a text when suddenly the electricity went off.
A. were reading B. are reading C. have read D. has read
10. The students left the room after they _____________.
A. had prayed B. have prayed C. are praying D. were praying

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11. Most seeds germinate readily, _______ others may require a few extra steps to achieve good results.
A. moreover B. but C. and D. so
12. We studied very hard for the exams; ___________, we managed to do it reasonably well.
A. moreover B. as a result C. however D. on the other hand
13. I don’t like playing badminton, ______________ do I like playing football.
A. nor B. and C. so D. or
14. Fuel ________ any substance that reacts chemically with another substance to produce heat.
A. is B. were C. are D. have been
15. Plastics today ____________ mainly derived from petroleum.
A. is B. are C. was D. has been
16. Before seedlings ____________ outdoors, they need to be hardened off, or acclimated to direct
sunlight and fluctuating temperatures.
A. can plant B. planted C. can be planted D. plant
17. Classes __________ tomorrow because it is a national day.
A. will cancel B. is cancelled C. cancel D. will be cancelled

18. Before she ran the computer program, she _____________ it out with her supervisor.
A. has checked B. checks C. was checking D. had checked
19. __________ the first plastic developed in England in 1855?
A. Was B. Is C. Are D. Were

20. ‘___________ do you go to the Cinema?’

‘Only once a month.’
A. How B. How often C. How soon D. How long
21. ___________will purchase the spectrometer?
A. What B. When C. Whom D. Who
22. My grandmother is eighty-five, but she ……………… still read and write without glasses. (Ability)
A. Could B. can C. may D. must
23. ………………. you help me with the housework, please? (Polite request)
A. Could B. Should C. May D. Must
24. There was a time when I ………….. stay up very late. (Past ability)
A. could B. can C. may D. must
25. Our country ………………. become a super power by 2025. (possibility)
A. could B. can C. may D. must

III. SPEAKING
PART 1
Supply the right questions for the following responses.

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 1. A: ……………………………………………………………………………………………..?
B: I go jogging at Sempur Field on Sundays.
2. A: ……………………………………………………………………………………………..?
B: Yes, we did.
3. A: ……………………………………………………………………………………………..?
B: My parents live in Pekanbaru.
4. A: ……………………………………………………………………………………………..?
B: I have two sisters and two brothers.
5. A: ……………………………………………………………………………………………..?
B: I will study at the Diploma Program for 3 years
6. A: ……………………………………………………………………………………………..?
B: Because the program is good, and the teachers are qualified
7. A: ……………………………………………………………………………………………..?
B: I play badminton twice a week.
8. A: ……………………………………………………………………………………………..?
B: No, she doesn’t
9. A: ……………………………………………………………………………………………..?
B: No, some of them are from Sumatera.
10. A: ……………………………………………………………………………………………..?
B: Around 11 p.m.
11. A: ……………………………………………………………………………………………..?
B: I have been here for one month.

PART 2
Complete the following dialogue between two students talking about their past activities at the
canteen.
Robert : Hi Alice, what did you do last weekend?
Alice : (Respond to the question) (1) …………………………………………. .
Robert : What did you buy?
Alice : (Respond to the question). (2) ……………………………………….. How about you?
Robert : (Respond to the question). (3) …………………………………………………..
Alice : Who did you play with?
Robert : (Respond to the question). (4). ……………………………………………. . Do you do any sport?
Alice : (Respond to the question). (5) …………………………………………………..

PART 3
Rearrange the following sentences on “How to boil an egg” into the correct order by writing the
letters of A, B, etc. (5 points)

1 ____ A. Next, turn the heat to high until the water in the pot is boiling
2. ____ B. Take the egg out of the pot and put it in an egg cup. Now the egg is ready to
eat. Enjoy it.
3. ____ C. First, get a pot big enough to hold one egg.
4. ____ D. Boil the egg in the water for three minutes
5. ____ E. Then fill the pot 4/5 full with water and put in the egg.

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 PART 4
Rearrange the following sentences on “How to Make a Basic Omelet” into the correct order by writing
the letters of A, B, etc. (5 points)
=First Combine eggs, water, salt and pepper in a medium-sized bowl. Beat with a
Step= fork until combined but not too frothy.

1. ____ A. When the butter stops foaming, pour the egg mixture into the skillet, and
without moving the skillet, allow the eggs to set on the bottom (this
should only take a few seconds).
2. ____ B. When eggs are set but still shiny, remove the omelet from the heat. The
whole process should take just 2 or 3 minutes.
3. ____ C. As eggs set, take a spatula and push the edges of the egg mixture in,
allowing the uncooked eggs on top to flow underneath and make direct
contact with the skillet. Repeat the procedure at various spots around the
edge of the setting egg mixture.
4. ____ D. Melt a little butter (1 or 2 tsp.) over medium-high to high heat.
5. ____ E. Fold the omelet in half and slide it onto a warm plate.

PART 5
Write 4 (four sentences) describing your activities at the week-ends OR week-day activities.

PART 6 Write 4 (four sentences) describing your experience when you first came to the Diploma
Program.

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